First approach to the intervention of the paleo-ichnological heritage on "La Virgen del Campo" site. Enciso, La Rioja (Spain)

[ES] En el presente trabajo. se analiza el estado de conservación del yacimiento paleoicnológico de La Virgen del Campo, situado en Enciso, La Rioja (España). En primer lugar, se realiza una revision bibliográfica y búsqueda de las intervenciones realizadas en el yacimiento y los materiales que se aplicaron. Por otro lado, se realize un studio del estado de conservación y las causas de deterioro y las patologías presentes en el yacimiento. Dichas patologías, se identifican y se asignan a una categoría concreta gracias al glosario del ICOMOS. Por otro lado, se realiza una propuesta de intervención. Esta propuesta de intervención se realiza gracias a la revision bibliográdica y los estudios preliminaries llevados a cabo en el laboratorio. Finalmente, se realiza un studio de los materiales de restauración, especialmente centrado en los diferentes tipos de morteros de cal, testeando la compatiblidad con la piedra del yacimiento en el laboratorio y durante la campaña de campo.[EN] In this paper, we analysed the state of conservation of the paleoichnological site of La Virgen del Campo located in Enciso, La Rioja, (Spain). First, a bibliographic review was carried out, researching about the interventions made on the site and the materials applied. We made a conservation study, in which we analysed the causes of deterioration, using different methods, and pathologies. These pathologies are identified and assigned to a defined category according to ICOMOS glossary. In addition, we carried out an intervention proposal. This has been done, thanks to the bibliographic review and the studies that we accomplished at the laboratory. Finally, we made a study of the restoration materials, specially focused on different lime mortars. We tested their suitability with the rock of the site at the laboratory and then during the field season.Ferrer Ventura, M.; Mas Barberà, X.; Torices, A.; San Juan-Palacios, R.; Navarro-Lorbés, P. (2020). First approach to the intervention of the paleo-ichnological heritage on "La Virgen del Campo" site. Enciso, La Rioja (Spain). Arché. (13 - 14 - 15):93-102. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1563769310213 - 14 - 1

Dinosaur swim tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain: An ichnological approach to non-common behaviours

The reconstruction of behavioural patterns performed by non-avian dinosaurs is an important task of palaeontology in order to globally understand how these animals interacted with their environment. Their relation with aquatic lifestyles has always been an intriguing question that has been extensively studied during the last decades, especially focused on some specific groups. The present work describes a new tracksite with 27 swimming tracks located in a fluvial setting from the Lower Cretaceous Urbion Group of La Rioja (Spain). They are preserved as natural casts with sizes between 8.5 and 29.2 cm and a predominant orientation. The tracks have been classified into 6 different morphotypes according to their morphology, and grouped into 5 different categories depending on the different pes-substrate interactions, following the proposal of Romilio et al. (2013). Some tracks were produced while the animal was moving in partial or complete buoyancy, and displacement was conducted by water and sediment impulsion, not just a mere paddling. Other tracks could be impressed in a bottom-walked, when the trackmaker touched the digit tips on the ground vertically or sub-vertically. This new tracksite confirms the capabilities of some groups of non-avian dinosaurs to interact with shallow water environments where they could print their pedes as they moved, either in complete buoyancy or during a displacement with some vertical component in the water column. It also contributes to the better understanding of swimming track morphologies as especially dependent on pes-sediment interaction and environment more than differences in pes configuration itself, causing the high variability of swimming footprints even when they belong to the same trackway. The classification of swimming tracks and footprints into categories dependent on the pes-substrate interaction could be a good guiding principle to avoid problematics about ichnotaxonomical definition.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEUniversidad de La RiojaConsejeria de Educacion y Cultura (Gobierno de La Rioja)Instituto de Estudios RiojanosMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesEuropean Regional Development FundUniversidad del País VascoMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaciónpu

Más allá de los dinosaurios: nuevas perspectivas para el patrimonio paleontológico de La Rioja

El patrimonio paleontológico en nuestro país ha sido objeto de discusión entre científicos y legisladores desde su controvertida consideración dentro del patrimonio histórico en la Ley 16/1985, de 25 de junio, del Patrimonio Histórico Español. Así, tanto el patrimonio inmueble (yacimientos) como el mueble (ejemplares ex situ alojados en museos, colecciones y exposiciones locales) se gestionaron durante años bajo esta norma hasta su inclusión, en el año 2007, en la nueva Ley 42/2007, de 13 de diciembre, de Patrimonio Natural y Biodiversidad.Fil: García Ortiz de Landaluce, Esperanza. Universidad de la Rioja; EspañaFil: Díaz Martínez, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Torices Hernandez, Angelica. Universidad de la Rioja; EspañaFil: Ferrer Ventura, Mireia. Universidad de la Rioja; EspañaFil: Navarro Lorbés, Pablo. Universidad de la Rioja; EspañaFil: San Juan Palacios, Raúl. Universidad de Valencia; Españ

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Análisis biogeográfico de las faunas de tetrápodos terrestres del Jurásico Superior periatlántico

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La consevación y restauración en el yacimiento de La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). Intervención actual y perspectivas futuras

La Rioja has one of the most important paleoichnological records of all the world. One of its main sites is La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). After the last campaign done in 2014, the conservation and restoration of this site was resumed in July 2017, working with its environmental and anthropic problems. It was analyzed the actions carried out in the past, as well as the actual status of the site. After this study, it was carried out a mechanical cleaning in both the northern and southern parts of the site, and also a physicalchemical cleaning in the southern part. The anthropogenic damage observed shows that the past interventions did not adjust well to the conservation needs of the site. To work this aspect of the problematic, as well as the application of protocols and materials of the conservation and restoration in a new way to the paleontology, are some of the future perspectives proposed to be carried out in the future campaigns.  La Rioja presenta uno de los registros paleoicnológicos más importantes del mundo. Entre sus yacimientos principales se encuentra el de La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). Tras la última campaña de 2014, se retomaron las labores de conservación y restauración en julio de 2017, interviniendo sobre patologías generadas por factores ambientales y antrópicos del yacimiento. Se analizaron las actuaciones realizadas en el pasado, así como su estado actual. Tras este estudio se realizó una limpieza mecánica de la parte norte y sur del yacimiento. En esta última parte también se aplicó de manera puntual una limpieza físico-química. Los daños observados muestran que las intervenciones pasadas no se ajustan a las necesidades de conservación del yacimiento. Trabajar este aspecto de la problemática, así como aplicar protocolos y materiales de la conservación y restauración de forma novedosa al campo de la paleontología, son algunas de las perspectivas de futuro propuestas para realizar en las campañas venideras

La consevación y restauración en el yacimiento de La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). Intervención actual y perspectivas futuras

La Rioja presenta uno de los registros paleoicnológicos más importantes del mundo. Entre sus yacimientos principales se encuentra el de La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). Tras la última campaña de 2014, se retomaron las labores de conservación y restauración en julio de 2017, interviniendo sobre patologías generadas por factores ambientales y antrópicos del yacimiento. Se analizaron las actuaciones realizadas en el pasado, así como su estado actual. Tras este estudio se realizó una limpieza mecánica de la parte norte y sur del yacimiento. En esta última parte también se aplicó de manera puntual una limpieza físico-química. Los daños observados muestran que las intervenciones pasadas no se ajustan a las necesidades de conservación del yacimiento. Trabajar este aspecto de la problemática, así como aplicar protocolos y materiales de la conservación y restauración de forma novedosa al campo de la paleontología, son algunas de las perspectivas de futuro propuestas para realizar en las campañas venideras.La Rioja has one of the most important paleoichnological records of all the world. One of its main sites is La Virgen del Campo (Enciso, La Rioja). After the last campaign done in 2014, the conservation and restoration of this site was resumed in July 2017, working with its environmental and anthropic problems. It was analyzed the actions carried out in the past, as well as the actual status of the site. After this study, it was carried out a mechanical cleaning in both the northern and southern parts of the site, and also a physicalchemical cleaning in the southern part. The anthropogenic damage observed shows that the past interventions did not adjust well to the conservation needs of the site. To work this aspect of the problematic, as well as the application of protocols and materials of the conservation and restoration in a new way to the paleontology, are some of the future perspectives proposed to be carried out in the future campaigns

Uso de morteros tradicionales e hidrofugante en la restauración de yacimientos de icnitas: el caso de La Virgen del Campo

La Rioja destaca por los yacimientos de icnitas de dinosaurio. Uno de los yacimientos más emblemáticos es La Virgen del Campo donde se han realizado tareas de mantenimiento y restauración durante diversos años. Actualmente, tras retomar los campos de trabajo, se ha valorado variar el modo de trabajo y los materiales empleados. Tras observar el estado y resultado de los materiales empleados en el pasado, se recurrió a la conservación y restauración de patrimonio y pétreo para elaborar un plan de trabajo. Se optó por evaluar, testear y posteriormente aplicar morteros tradicionales. En los trabajos de laboratorio donde se probaron los morteros y el material hidrofugante, se realizaron pruebas in situ para su aplicación en el yacimiento. Los trabajos se centraron en devolverle la cohesión a aquellas zonas en riesgo de pérdida y la protección de aquellas zonas que manifestaban patologías

Dinosaur swim tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain: an ichnological approach to non-common behaviours

[EN] The reconstruction of behavioural patterns performed by non-avian dinosaurs is an important task of palaeontology in order to globally understand how these animals interacted with their environment. Their relation with aquatic lifestyles has always been an intriguing question that has been extensively studied during the last decades, especially focused on some specific groups. The present work describes a new tracksite with 27 swimming tracks located in a fluvial setting from the Lower Cretaceous Urbion Group of La Rioja (Spain). They are preserved as natural casts with sizes between 8.5 and 29.2 cm and a predominant orientation. The tracks have been classified into 6 different morphotypes according to their morphology, and grouped into 5 different categories depending on the different pes-substrate interactions, following the proposal of Romilio et al. (2013). Some tracks were produced while the animal was moving in partial or complete buoyancy, and displacement was conducted by water and sediment impulsion, not just a mere paddling. Other tracks could be impressed in a bottom-walked, when the trackmaker touched the digit tips on the ground vertically or sub-vertically. This new tracksite confirms the capabilities of some groups of non-avian dinosaurs to interact with shallow water environments where they could print their pedes as they moved, either in complete buoyancy or during a displacement with some vertical component in the water column. It also contributes to the better understanding of swimming track morphologies as especially dependent on pes-sediment interaction and environment more than differences in pes configuration itself, causing the high variability of swimming footprints even when they belong to the same trackway. The classification of swimming tracks and footprints into categories dependent on the pes-substrate interaction could be a good guiding principle to avoid problematics about ichnotaxonomical definition.P.N.-L. is supported by a TALENTO Ph.D grant from Universidad de La Rioja (E-26-2017-0029977); R.S.J.-P is supported by a Ph.D grant from Universidad de la Rioja (E-26-2021-0104021); A.T. is supported by a TALENTO Posdoctoral grant from Consejeria de Educacion y Cultura (Gobierno de La Rioja). Research funded by Instituto de Estudios Riojanos by “Fotogrametría y estudio de un nuevo yacimiento de huellas de dinosaurios en Laguna de Cameros, La Rioja” (Project OTCA210527); La Rioja Government, Spain by “Convenio para la financiacion de actividades de la Catedra Extraordinaria de Patrimonio Paleontologico” in the Universidad de La Rioja, the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (project CGL2017-85038-P) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). ID-M funded by Unión Europea-NextGenerationEU “Requalification of Spanish university system for 2021–2022” in the UPV-EHU and supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2022) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. This study is partially part of the Project PID-2019-105546GB-I00 of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.Peer reviewe