As estruturas globais e regionais do campo de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação das doenças negligenciadas leishmaniose e tuberculose sob a ótica das redes complexas

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, 2015.Na era da informação, do conhecimento e das mídias digitais, de que forma os padrões de relacionamento interpessoais registrados geram informações sobre a estrutura global e regional da pesquisa em doenças negligenciadas? Este estudo investiga as redes de coautoria de cientistas que trabalham em leishmaniose e em tuberculose, duas das principais doenças negligenciadas no contexto brasileiro e mundial, em busca de revelar de que forma vêm ocorrendo mudanças no universo de participação das pesquisas. Foi identificada a ascensão de pesquisadores de países como Brasil, Índia, China e África do Sul, que se tornaram não apenas relevantes, mas em certas áreas chegam a dominar a estrutura de colaboração em rede e a produtividade no campo observado. Os resultados apresentados possibilitam às agências de financiamento avaliar seu papel em relação aos objetivos de construção e desenvolvimento da capacidade científica, bem como a consistência de parcerias científicas em todo o mundo. Eles também permitem a avaliação dos mecanismos que apoiam e incentivam a investigação em países endêmicos. O estudo também realiza uma análise exploratória acerca dos resultados da aplicação de métodos de análise de redes complexas no universo analisado. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa avalia a criação de instrumentos que apoiem a tomada de decisão em saúde pública, buscando demonstrar como a utilização desses métodos, amparados pelo uso apropriado de tecnologias para tratamento de dados, apresenta alternativas promissoras na avaliação da ciência e das dinâmicas de redes de ciência e tecnologia. O estudo utilizou diferentes bases para a recuperação dos dados, a saber: o PubMed, a Web of Science e o SciELO. Foi analisada a dinâmica das redes de coautoria em publicações científicas além das palavras-chave, das revistas científicas e outros elementos que compõem os chamados metadados das publicações científicas. O resultado final é um conjunto de métodos que podem apoiar o estudo das comunidades científicas e dos grupos de pesquisa com base em seu comportamento específico quanto à comunicação e ao relacionamento entre seus pares.In the age of information, knowledge and digital media, how the registered interpersonal relationship patterns generate information on global and regional structure of the research in neglected diseases? This study investigates the networks of co-authorship of scientists working on leishmaniasis and tuberculosis, two of the major neglected diseases in the Brazilian and global context, seeking to reveal how changes are taking place in the universe of shared research. It has been identified the rise of researchers from countries such as Brazil, India, China and South Africa, which became not only relevant, but in certain areas come to dominate the networked collaborative structure and productivity in the observed field. The presented results allow the funding agencies to assess its role in relation to construction and development goals of scientific capacity as well as the consistency of scientific partnerships worldwide. They also allow the evaluation of the mechanisms that support and encourage research in endemic countries. The study also conducts an exploratory analysis of the results of the application analysis of complex networks methods in the universe analyzed. In this sense, the research evaluates the development of tools to support public health decisions demonstrating how the use of these methods, supported by appropriate use of technologies for data processing, offers promising alternatives in the evaluation of science and network dynamics on science and technology. The study used different databases for data retrieval, namely: PubMed, Web of Science and SciELO. The dynamics of co-authorship networks in scientific publications was analyzed in addition to keywords, scientific journals and other elements that make up the so-called metadata of scientific publications. The end result is a set of methods that can support the study of scientific communities and research groups based on their specific behavior as communication and the relationship among their peers

Filogenia molecular, cromossomos e dispersão em akodontinos do Brasil (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)

A new molecular phylogeny for akodontine rodents from Brazil was proposed. The phylogenetic tree was enriched with the area of occurrence and with information on the karyotype of the samples. Based on this enriched tree, and with a described methodology, hypotheses were proposed on the karyotype and area of occurrence of the ancestors of each Clade. Thus it was possible to discuss hypotheses on chromosome evolution of the group, and on dispersion events from the "area of original differentiation" of akodontines in the Andes. Chromosome evolution started with high diploid numbers (2n=52) and showed a tendency to reduction (until 2n=14 in more recent clades). Independent side-branches of the tree showed 2n reduction and in one case the 2n increased. At least four dispersion events from the Andes down to South-eastern Brazil were proposed. The results should suggest the direction of new studies on comparative karyology.Uma nova filogenia molecular para roedores akodontinos do Brasil é proposta. A árvore filogenética foi enriquecida com a área de ocorrência e com informações sobre o cariótipo das amostras. Baseado nisto, e com a metodologia descrita, foram propostas hipóteses sobre as características do cariótipo e sobre a área de ocorrência dos ancestrais de cada clado. Assim, foi possível discutir hipóteses sobre evolução cromossômica do grupo, e sobre eventos de dispersão a partir da área de diferenciação original dos akodontinos nos Andes. A evolução cromossômica começou com números diplóides altos (2n=52) e mostrou uma tendência a redução (até 2n=14 em clados mais recentes). Ramos independentes da árvore mostraram redução do 2n e num caso aumentou o numero diplóide. Foram propostos pelo menos quatro eventos de dispersão dos Andes até o Brasil Sul-Oriental. Os resultados indicam a direção de novos estudos em cariologia comparada

Nutritional value, physicochemical characterization and bioactive properties of the Brazilian quinoa: BRS Piabiru

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is an ancient food crop that has provided nutrition to Andean populations for thousands of years. BRS Piabiru is a quinoa genotype developed and adapted to tropical climate by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. In this work, BRS Piabiru quinoa was evaluated concerning its nutritional, physicochemical and phenolic composition and also its bioactive properties. This variety showed high carbohydrate and protein contents and a low-fat level, composed of 86% of unsaturated fatty acids, 60% of which are polyunsaturated fatty acids. Four organic acids were detected, with quinic acid as the most abundant, while α- and γ-tocopherols were the vitamin E isoforms found. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were the main phenolic compounds in the quinoa extract, which also revealed relevant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, with no toxic effect. These results support the potential of BRS Piabiru quinoa as a nutritious food crop and a source of bioactive compounds.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019); the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros, A. Fernandes and R. Calhelha contracts; C. Pereira contract through the celebration of program-contract foreseen in No. 4, 5 and 6 of article 23° of Decree-Law No. 57/2016, of 29th August, amended by Law No. 57/2017, of 19th July; and FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E. S. Sampaio thanks CAPES Foundation (Ministry of Education, Brazil) for her PhD grant no. 99999.001423/2015-00. GIP-USAL was financially supported by the Spanish Government through the project AGL2015-64522-C2-2-R.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diferentes tipos de higienización del verraco y su influencia sobre la calidad bacteriológica del eyaculado

Semen from four boars was collected once a week for ten weeks. The semen diluted in coconut water without antibiotics was preserved at 17 °C for 192 hours and inoculated in Petri dishes with agar at 37°C afterwards. All lab instruments used were previ- ously sterilized. Treatments applied were: A. washing of internal and external parts of genitals, B. No previous washing of geni- tals, C. Only external cleaning of genitals (control group). External cleaning of genitals proved to be the best treatment to obtain higher bacteriological quality of semen, with an average value of 16% out of the total counted colonies and a number of colonies with smaller bacteria compared to the other treatments (2,5 x 105 UFC/mL). The treatment consisting in internal cleaning of genitals showed an average number of colonies rather high (9,5 x 105  UFC/mL) after being preserved for 24 hours Semen pre- served at 17°C showed a decrease in colony number after 192 hours in all treatments However, the treatment consisting in exter- nal cleaning of genitals showed a significant low number of bacteria colonies (P<0,05). Taking into account the above results, the external cleaning of genitals proved to be a better treatment to diminish semen contamination with a lower quantity of UFC/mL in the inoculated Petri dishes.El semen de cuatro cerdos reproductores fue extraído una vez por semana durante 10 semanas. Diluido en agua de coco sin an- tibiótico, se conservó en refrigeración a 17 0C durante 192 horas, y fue inoculado en placas de Petri con agar nutriente, a 37 0C. Toda la cristalería fue esterilizada previamente. Los tratamientos fueron: A= Lavado interno y externo del prepucio; B= Sin lim- pieza del prepucio y C= Lavado externo del prepucio (lote control). El uso solo del lavado externo del prepucio mostró el mejor resultado para la calidad bacteriológica del semen, con la media de 16 % del total de colonias contadas y una cantidad de colonias de bacterias más pequeña que los otros tratamientos (2,5 x 105 UFC/mL). Después de las primeras 24 horas de conservación, el tratamiento con el lavado interno del prepucio, presentó un número medio de colonias bastante alto (9,5 x 105 UFC/mL). Después de 192 horas de conservación del semen en refrigeración a temperatura de 17 0C, se constató un decrecimiento en el número de colonias en todos los tratamientos. No obstante, en el tratamiento que consistió solamente en el lavado externo, el número de colonias de bacterias fue significativamente más pequeño (P<0,05). Con la utilización solamente del lavado externo del prepucio, es posible una disminución de la contaminación del eyaculado con una cantidad más pequeña de UFC/mL en las placas inoculadas

Uma Composição Experimental do Guia GAM: favorecendo vidas pulsantes

O Guia de Gestão Autônoma de Medicação (GAM), originalmente canadense e com versão brasileira publicada em 2012, se configura como um dispositivo que visa a contribuir para que sujeitos em tratamento de saúde se responsabilizem pelo seu próprio cuidado singularizado. Este texto narra pesquisa desenvolvida na cidade de Fortaleza (CE) com a GAM. Buscou-se potencializar esse instrumento para ações de saúde, por meio da composição experimental do Guia GAM, nomeado de GAM@. Uma peculiaridade de nossa experimentação é utilizar a GAM no cuidado de pessoas que fazem uso abusivo e/ou compulsivo de substâncias (drogas), em um CAPS-ad. A pesquisa tem quatro etapas e, neste texto, relatamos as duas primeiras: os estudos preliminares e a composição experimental GAM@. Indicamos como o material foi estruturado, quais os pressupostos teóricos orientaram essa produção e seus conteúdos principais

Scientific collaboration in co-authorship research : a method based on network analysis

O presente trabalho apresenta um metodologia para o estudo da comunicação científica derivado dos métodos de análise de redes. São analisadas as relações profissionais de colaboração científica entre autores que utilizam a coautoria, uma nova subárea da comunicação científica que vem ganhando espaço na ciência da informação. Na coautoria, dois autores quaisquer são definidos como tendo um relacionamento caso tenham colaborado na produção de um artigo ou publicação científica. O artigo investiga se tal associação permite entender as problemáticas da colaboração científica, como por exemplo, se o conhecimento está concentrado em alguns poucos países ou indivíduos, e como esses indivíduos se relacionam. A metodologia desenvolvida se baseia no modelo exploratório proposto por Nooy, Mrvar e Batagelj (2011). Do ponto de vista da bibliometria, foram analisadas as colaborações científicas na base de dados Web of Science. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que a pesquisa sobre coautoria se espalha por diversos países e por diferentes áreas de interesse. Observa-se que a associação dos métodos de bibliometria e análise de redes contribui para uma melhor interpretação de resultados, principalmente por meio da inspeção visual que a análise de redes proporciona.This work presents a method to the study of scientific communication derived from network analysis methods. It has been analyzed the professional relationships of scientific collaboration between authors that use co-authoship, a new sub-area in scientific communication that has gained space in information science. In co-authorship, any two authors are defined as having a relationship if they have collaborated in the production of an article or scientific publication. This paper investigates whether this association allows the comprehension of the problems of scientific collaboration, for example, if knowledge is concentrated in a few countries or individuals, and how these individuals relate to each other. The methodology is based on the exploratory model proposed by Nooy, Mrvar e Batagelj (2011). From the point of view of bibliometrics, scientific collaborations were analyzed in the Web of Science database. The results obtained showed that the field of co-authorship spans several countries and different areas of interest. It is observed that the association of bibliometric methods and network analysis contributes to a better interpretation of the results, mainly through the visual inspection that network analysis methods are able to provide

Phenolic composition and cell-based biological activities of ten coloured potato peels (Solanum tuberosum L.)

The present study provides an in-depth characterisation of the non-anthocyanin and anthocyanin phenolic compounds of potato peels from ten coloured potato varieties. Furthermore, the underexplored bioactive potential (antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory capacities) of the studied peels is comprehensively analysed. Among non-anthocyanin phenolics, caffeic and a caffeoylquinic acid were found in the highest concentrations in all samples, which also showed the presence of O-glycosylated flavonol derivatives and polyamine derivatives. Acylated anthocyanins were identified in red and purple varieties, being pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin the most prominent aglycones. All samples revealed antioxidant and antitumor activities, and no toxic effect. The extract of the Rosemary variety presented the best antioxidant and antitumor outcomes and was the only sample to reveal anti-inflammatory activity. These results are valuable for the food-industry by adding value to an important bio-residue, particularly concerning its potential as natural ingredients in novel food and pharmaceutical formulations.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/ MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros, Maria Inês Dias and C. Pereira contracts; to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme through the project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P; to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural ®; and also to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2020-14/200007). GIP-USAL is financially supported by the Spanish Government through the project AGL2015-64522-C2-2-R. S. Sampaio acknowledges CAPES Foundation (Ministry of Education, Brazil) for her PhD grant no. 99999.001423/2015-00.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antibody response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in Down syndrome patients

The majority of children with Down syndrome (DS) tend to have frequent bacterial infections including recurrent respiratory infections. Our objective was to evaluate the production of antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens after active immunization in DS subjects. IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotypes (1, 3, 6B, 9V, and 14) were measured before and 6 weeks after immunization with a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumo23®, Pasteur-Merrieux) in 6- to 13-year-old DS children (N = 17) and in aged-matched normal controls (N = 30). An adequate response was defined as a 4-fold increase over baseline or a post-immunization level of specific pneumococcal serotype antibody> or = 1.3 µg/mL. After immunization, all DS children had an increase in post-immunization levels against all serotypes analyzed. A 4-fold or more increase was observed in all DS children concerning serotypes 1 and 14, in 90% of subjects for serotypes 3 and 9V, and in 65% for serotype 6B. Regarding this increase, 8 of the 17 DS children had an adequate response to all serotypes analyzed, 8/17 patients to 4 serotypes and 1/17 to 3 serotypes. However, when we compared post-immunization levels between DS children and controls, we observed lower levels in the former group (P < 0.05) for all serotypes except serotype 3. We conclude that pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization could be beneficial for these DS children.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaUniversidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Toxicologia e Análises ClínicasUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de ImunologiaUniversidade de São Paulo LIM 36 Faculdade de MedicinaLouisiana State University Health Science Center Department of PediatricsUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis : a cross-sectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI

Background: The presence of enthesitis is associated with higher disease activity, more disability and incapacity to work and a poorer quality of life in spondyloarthritis (SpA). There is currently no consensus on which clinical score should be used to assess enthesitis in SpA. The objective of the present work was to compare the correlation of three enthesitis indices (MASES, SPARCC and LEI) with measures of disease activity and function in a heterogeneous population of patients with axial and peripheral SpA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Brazilian public university hospitals; patients fulfilling ASAS classification criteria for peripheral or axial SpA were recruited and measures of disease activity and function were collected and correlated to three enthesitis indices: MASES, SPARCC and LEI using Spearman’s Correlation index. ROC curves were used to determine if the the enthesitis indices were useful to discriminate patients with active disease from those with inactive disease. Results: Two hundred four patients were included, 71.1% (N = 145) fulfilled ASAS criteria for axial SpA and 28.9% (N = 59) for peripheral SpA. In axial SpA, MASES performed better than LEI (p = 0.018) and equal to SPARCC (p = 0.212) regarding correlation with disease activity (BASDAI) and function (BASFI). In peripheral SpA, only MASES had a weak but statistical significant correlation with DAS28-ESR (rs 0.310 p = 0.05) and MASES had better correlation with functional measures (HAQ) than SPARCC (p = 0.034). Conclusion: In this sample composed of SpA patients with high coexistence of axial and peripheral features, MASES showed statistical significant correlation with measures of disease activity and function in both axial and peripheral SpA