Early hospital readmissions post‐kidney transplantation are associated with inferior clinical outcomes

Unplanned hospital readmissions are common early post‐kidney transplantation. We investigated the relationship between early hospital readmissions and clinical outcomes in a single‐center retrospective study that included all adult kidney transplant patients between 2004 and 2008 with follow‐up to December 2012. The early hospital readmissions within the first 30 d were numbered and the diagnosis ascertained. Patients were grouped as none, once, and twice or more readmissions. Predictors of early readmissions were assessed, and clinical outcomes and patient and death‐censored kidney survival were compared. Among 1064 patients, 203 (19.1%) patients had once and 83 (7.8%) patients had twice or more readmissions within 30 d. Surgical complications, infections, and acute kidney injuries/acute rejection were three most common diagnoses. The length of initial hospital stay and African American race were among the variables associated significantly with readmissions. Patients with early readmissions had lower baseline renal function (p < 0.01) and more early acute rejection (p < 0.01). During follow‐up, only frequent readmissions, twice or more, within 30 d were associated with increased risk of death ( AHR 1.75, p   =   0.01) and death‐censored kidney failure ( AHR 2.20, p < 0.01). Frequent early hospital readmissions post‐transplantation identify patients at risk for poor long‐term outcomes, and more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106830/1/ctr12347.pd

Origin of superimposed and curved slickenlines in San Miguelito range, Central México

Interactions between intersecting faults cause local perturbations of the stress field in the vicinity of their intersections. Fault intersections are places of stress accumulation, stress relief and refraction of the stress trajectories; the slip vectors near these intersections are deviated from the maximum shear stress resolved by the far-field stress. In an intersecting fault system, superimposed, arc-shaped and zigzag slickenlines can be formed due to interaction between intersecting faults. We propose some mechanisms in which it is possible to recognize that the superimposed and curved slickenlines are produced from curvilinear translational fault motion. The geometrical models presented in this contribution are consistent with the slickenlines distribution observed in the vicinity of intersection lines, measured in the San Miguelito range, Mesa Central, México. Two tectonic phases have been inferred from our slip vector models near the intersection lines, which is consistent with observations of previously published work

Tilting mechanisms in domino faults of the Sierra de San Miguelito, central Mexico

A system of normal faults with similar strike that bound rotated blocks in the Sierra de San Miguelito, central Mexico, was studied to determine the genesis of rotation and to estimate the extensional strain. We show that rigid-body rotation was not the main deformation mechanism of the domino faults in this region. We propose vertical or inclined shear accommodated by slip on minor faults as the mechanism for strain in the blocks. In order to test quantitatively the amount of strain, we calculated the extension assuming vertical shear obtaining ca. ev ~0.20. This value is in good agreement with extensions previously reported for the Mesa Central of México. The bed extension required in this model reaches ca. 33% of the total horizontal extension (i. e. ebed =0.34 ev). Assuming self-similar geometry for fault displacements, it is shown that bed strain required in shear models can be liberated by the small faults. If the strain is calculated using the rigid-body rotation model, the lengthening is underestimated by up to 9%. This case study shows that shear models could be applied in volcanic zones

Dwarf Galaxy Mass Estimators vs. Cosmological Simulations

We use a suite of high-resolution cosmological dwarf galaxy simulations to test the accuracy of commonly-used mass estimators from Walker et al.(2009) and Wolf et al.(2010), both of which depend on the observed line-of-sight velocity dispersion and the 2D half-light radius of the galaxy, $Re$. The simulations are part of the the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project and include twelve systems with stellar masses spanning $10^{5} - 10^{7} M_{\odot}$ that have structural and kinematic properties similar to those of observed dispersion-supported dwarfs. Both estimators are found to be quite accurate: $M_{Wolf}/M_{true} = 0.98^{+0.19}_{-0.12}$ and $M_{Walker}/M_{true} =1.07^{+0.21}_{-0.15}$, with errors reflecting the 68% range over all simulations. The excellent performance of these estimators is remarkable given that they each assume spherical symmetry, a supposition that is broken in our simulated galaxies. Though our dwarfs have negligible rotation support, their 3D stellar distributions are flattened, with short-to-long axis ratios $c/a \simeq 0.4-0.7$. The accuracy of the estimators shows no trend with asphericity. Our simulated galaxies have sphericalized stellar profiles in 3D that follow a nearly universal form, one that transitions from a core at small radius to a steep fall-off $\propto r^{-4.2}$ at large $r$, they are well fit by S\'ersic profiles in projection. We find that the most important empirical quantity affecting mass estimator accuracy is $Re$ . Determining $Re$ by an analytic fit to the surface density profile produces a better estimated mass than if the half-light radius is determined via direct summation.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 12 figures, comments welcom

SIDM on FIRE: Hydrodynamical Self-Interacting Dark Matter simulations of low-mass dwarf galaxies

We compare a suite of four simulated dwarf galaxies formed in 10$^{10} M_{\odot}$ haloes of collisionless Cold Dark Matter (CDM) with galaxies simulated in the same haloes with an identical galaxy formation model but a non-zero cross-section for dark matter self-interactions. These cosmological zoom-in simulations are part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project and utilize the FIRE-2 model for hydrodynamics and galaxy formation physics. We find the stellar masses of the galaxies formed in Self-Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) with $\sigma/m= 1\, cm^2/g$ are very similar to those in CDM (spanning $M_{\star} \approx 10^{5.7 - 7.0} M_{\odot}$) and all runs lie on a similar stellar mass -- size relation. The logarithmic dark matter density slope ($\alpha=d\log \rho / d\log r$) in the central $250-500$ pc remains steeper than $\alpha= -0.8$ for the CDM-Hydro simulations with stellar mass $M_{\star} \sim 10^{6.6} M_{\odot}$ and core-like in the most massive galaxy. In contrast, every SIDM hydrodynamic simulation yields a flatter profile, with $\alpha >-0.4$. Moreover, the central density profiles predicted in SIDM runs without baryons are similar to the SIDM runs that include FIRE-2 baryonic physics. Thus, SIDM appears to be much more robust to the inclusion of (potentially uncertain) baryonic physics than CDM on this mass scale, suggesting SIDM will be easier to falsify than CDM using low-mass galaxies. Our FIRE simulations predict that galaxies less massive than $M_{\star} < 3 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$ provide potentially ideal targets for discriminating models, with SIDM producing substantial cores in such tiny galaxies and CDM producing cusps.Comment: 10 Pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRA

Numerical analysis of the manufacturing processes of a mock-up of the ITER NHF First Wall Panel

The objective of ITER is to build a new Tokamak, with the goal of demonstrating the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion power. The First Wall Panels are the inner component of the reactor, built with different materials that must support high heat flux levels inside the vacuum vessel. The manufacturing processes of the First Wall are a complex procedure including bending, hipping and cutting procedures which, in general, lead to residual stresses and distortions of the fabricated component. In this work, the analysis of the thermo-mechanical response of a simplified prototype of the ITER NHF First Wall Panel is presented from the numerical point of view. The experimental procedure within each phase of the whole manufacturing process is described. Residual stresses and distortions have been measured and analyzed. The numerical simulation of the manufacturing process includes the description of the main hypothesis, the applied loads and the boundary conditions assumed at every stage of the process. Special attention is paid to the simulation of machining and cutting by means of an&nbsp;ad-hoc&nbsp;element deactivation strategy. The numerical results are compared with the experimental evidence to show the prediction capability and the limitations of the proposed numerical model

Origin of superimposed and curved slickenlines in San Miguelito range, Central México

Interactions between intersecting faults cause local perturbations of the stress field in the vicinity of their intersections. Fault intersections are places of stress accumulation, stress relief and refraction of the stress trajectories; the slip vectors near these intersections are deviated from the maximum shear stress resolved by the far-field stress. In an intersecting fault system, superimposed, arc-shaped and zigzag slickenlines can be formed due to interaction between intersecting faults. We propose some mechanisms in which it is possible to recognize that the superimposed and curved slickenlines are produced from curvilinear translational fault motion. The geometrical models presented in this contribution are consistent with the slickenlines distribution observed in the vicinity of intersection lines, measured in the San Miguelito range, Mesa Central, México. Two tectonic phases have been inferred from our slip vector models near the intersection lines, which is consistent with observations of previously published work

Numerical simulation of strongly nonlinear and dispersive waves using a Green-Naghdi model

We investigate here the ability of a Green-Naghdi model to reproduce strongly nonlinear and dispersive wave propagation. We test in particular the behavior of the new hybrid finite-volume and finite-difference splitting approach recently developed by the authors and collaborators on the challenging benchmark of waves propagating over a submerged bar. Such a configuration requires a model with very good dispersive properties, because of the high-order harmonics generated by topography-induced nonlinear interactions. We thus depart from the aforementioned work and choose to use a new Green-Naghdi system with improved frequency dispersion characteristics. The absence of dry areas also allows us to improve the treatment of the hyperbolic part of the equations. This leads to very satisfying results for the demanding benchmarks under consideration

Efficiency of the traditional practice of traps to stimulate black truffle production, and its ecological mechanisms

The black truffle Tuber melanosporum was disseminated all over the world, propelled by the development of a wide variety of empirical practices. A widespread practice, called ‘truffle trap’, consists of placing pieces of truffles into excavations dug under host trees, and of collecting truffle in these traps in the next years. This research aims at (1) evaluating the effect of this practice on fruitbody production based on the analysis of 9924 truffle traps installed in 11 orchards across T. melanosporum native area in France and (2) exploring the mechanisms involved in fruitbody emergence using traps where the genotypes of introduced truffles were compared with those of fruitbodies collected in the same traps. We confirmed that truffle traps provide a major and highly variable part of truffle ground production, representing up to 89% of the collected fruitbodies. We evidenced a genetic link between introduced spores and collected fruitbodies, and then demonstrated that truffle growers provide paternal partners for mating with local maternal mycelia. We also highlighted that soil disturbance stimulate the vegetative development of established maternal mycelia. This research supports that a widely used traditional practice enhances fruitbody production by shaping favorable conditions and providing sexual partners required for fruiting.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Large time wellposdness to the 3-D Capillary-Gravity Waves in the long wave regime

In the regime of weakly transverse long waves, given long-wave initial data, we prove that the nondimensionalized water wave system in an infinite strip under influence of gravity and surface tension on the upper free interface has a unique solution on [0,{T}/\eps] for some \eps independent of constant $T.$ We shall prove in the subsequent paper \cite{MZZ2} that on the same time interval, these solutions can be accurately approximated by sums of solutions of two decoupled Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equations.Comment: Split the original paper(The long wave approximation to the 3-D capillary-gravity waves) into two parts, this is the first on