In Continuity: A Reflection on the Passive Synthesis of Sameness

It is an intimate experience for us to think, to understand and to perceive things as being identical to themselves, and to suppose, consequently, that things are truly “what” they are. Something is always conceived as itself. The given is given full of itself in all its modifications. For instance, I can think or perceive partially some lips, I can see them almost in their whole or in some of their aspects, or just see them disappear. But it does not seem to be possible to think or to perceive a given as almost itself, as an aspect or as part of itself. It is the aim of this work to study the assumptions and conditions for the original position of sameness in experience, just as it occurs in the synthesis of the datum singular and distinct. The polarization of single tone (einstimmig) intentional rays in an αvτó already contains the aporiae peculiar to the experience of the identical, whose revelation shall lead us, on the one hand, to one of the nuclei of the analysis of passive synthesis, and, on the other hand, to point up how critical revision of the numerical or extensional model of self-identity is for the unity of meaning. Then, it will be a question of pointing out the reasons why in a phenomenology of identity, the renunciation of the phenomenological legitimacy of the αvτó as a guarantee for the different positions of identity must be observed. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3464-4_1

Minimal Negation in the Ternary Relational Semantics

Minimal Negation is defined within the basic positive relevance logic in the relational ternary semantics: B+. Thus, by defining a number of subminimal negations in the B+ context, principles of weak negation are shown to be isolable. Complete ternary semantics are offered for minimal negation in B+. Certain forms of reductio are conjectured to be undefinable (in ternary frames) without extending the positive logic. Complete semantics for such kinds of reductio in a properly extended positive logic are offered

El sistema Bp+ : una lógica positiva mínima para la negación mínima

Entendemos el concepto de “negación mínima” en el sentido clásico definido por Johansson. El propósi-to de este artículo es definir la lógica positiva mínima Bp+, y probar que la negación mínima puede introducirse en ella. Además, comentaremos algunas de las múltiples extensiones negativas de Bp+. “Minimal negation” is classically understood in a Johansson sense. The aim of this paper is to define the minimal positive logic Bp+ and prove that a minimal negation can be inroduced in it. In addition, some of the many possible negation extensions of Bp+ are commented

A modal restriction of R-Mingle with the variable-sharing property

A restriction of R-Mingle with the variable-sharing property and the Ackermann properties is defined. From an intuitive semantical point of view, this restriction is an alternative to Anderson and Belnap’s logic of entailment E

Hacia la lógica plástica: emergencia de la lógica del razonamiento visual

Se presenta, define y aplica una red de conceptos tendente a elucidar la noción de consecuencia lógica sobre cuerpos de información no verbalmente codificada. Los problemas y nociones fundacionales de lógicas diagramáticas se discuten críticamente y se generalizan a patrones de razonamiento plástic

Principal component analysis - Practice 1.1

Todo el material para el conjunto de actividades de este curso ha sido elaborado y es propiedad intelectual de José Luis Romero Béjar y Carlos Francisco Salto Díaz. Todos los materiales están protegidos por la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND que permite "descargar las obras y compartirlas con otras personas, siempre que se reconozca su autoría, pero no se pueden cambiar de ninguna manera ni se pueden utilizar comercialmente".This brief guide is intended to familiarize the reader with the following: Loading and installing R packages. Loading data sets of different formats from R base installation and from local directories. Basic descriptive statistics. Graphical utils from ggplot2 package. Deal with outliers: identification and making decisions. Principal component analysis: requirements, obtaining principal components, explained variance, appropriate number of principal components, graphical outputs, coordenates in the new reference system.Esta breve guía tiene como objetivo familiarizar al lector con lo siguiente: Carga e instalación de paquetes R. Carga de conjuntos de datos de diferentes formatos desde la instalación base de R y desde directorios locales. Estadística descriptiva básica. Utilidades gráficas del paquete ggplot2. Tratar con valores atípicos: identificación y toma de decisiones. Análisis de componentes principales: requisitos, obtención de componentes principales, varianza explicada, número adecuado de componentes principales, salidas gráficas, coordenadas en el nuevo sistema de referencia

Principal component analysis - Practice 1.2

Todo el material para el conjunto de actividades de este curso ha sido elaborado y es propiedad intelectual de José Luis Romero Béjar y Carlos Francisco Salto Díaz. Todos los materiales están protegidos por la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND que permite "descargar las obras y compartirlas con otras personas, siempre que se reconozca su autoría, pero no se pueden cambiar de ninguna manera ni se pueden utilizar comercialmente".In this guide, a second example of dimensionality reduction in a dataset is performed using the R language. This brief guide is intended to familiarize the reader with the following: Exploratory data analisys to identify outliers and not available data (NA). Dealing with outliers: identification and decision making. Dealing with not available data (NA): identification and decision making. Principal component analysis: requirements, obtaining principal components, explained variance, appropriate number of principal components, graphical outputs, coordenates in the new reference system.En esta guía, se presenta un segundo ejemplo de reducción de dimensionalidad en un conjunto de datos utilizando el lenguaje R. Esta breve guía tiene como objetivo familiarizar al lector con lo siguiente: Análisis exploratorio de datos para identificar valores atípicos y datos no disponibles (NA). Manejo de valores atípicos: identificación y toma de decisiones. Manejo de datos no disponibles (NA): identificación y toma de decisiones. Análisis de componentes principales: requisitos, obtención de componentes principales, varianza explicada, número adecuado de componentes principales, salidas gráficas, coordenadas en el nuevo sistema de referencia

Factorial analysis - Practice 2

Todo el material para el conjunto de actividades de este curso ha sido elaborado y es propiedad intelectual de José Luis Romero Béjar y Carlos Francisco Salto Díaz. Todos los materiales están protegidos por la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND que permite "descargar las obras y compartirlas con otras personas, siempre que se reconozca su autoría, pero no se pueden cambiar de ninguna manera ni se pueden utilizar comercialmente".En esta guía, de entre los 25 ítems de un test de personalidad, se identificarán las variables que corresponden a cada uno de los cinco aspectos de la personalidad de un individuo. Las cinco características que definen la personalidad de un individuo son: A - Amabilidad o simpatía; C - Conciencia o responsabilidad; E - Extraversión; N - Neuroticismo y - Apertura a las experiencias. Para ello, se considera el conjunto de datos bfi de la biblioteca psyh. Este conjunto de datos contiene 2800 observaciones con 28 variables, de las cuales 25 corresponden a los diferentes ítems de un test de personalidad. Esta breve guía pretende familiarizar al lector con lo siguiente: Realizar un análisis exploratorio previo de los datos para identificar posibles datos faltantes y valores extremos. Toma decisiones para datos faltantes y valores extremos. Verificar los supuestos y realizar un análisis factorial (FA). Elegir el número óptimo de factores. Interpretación de diferentes salidas gráficas de interés para este método. Lenguaje R: depuración de funciones.In this practice, from among 25 items of a personality test, the variables that correspond to each of the five aspects of the personality of an individual will be identified. The five characteristics that define the personality of an individual are: A - Agreeableness or friendliness; C - Consciousness or responsibility; E - Extraversion; N - Neuroticism and - Openness to experiences. To do this, the bfi data set from the psyh library is considered. This data set contains 2800 observations with 28 variables, of which 25 correspond to the different items of a personality test. This brief guide is intended to familiarize the reader with the following: Perform a prior exploratory analysis of the data to identify possible missing data and extreme values. Make decisions and deal with missing data and extreme values. Check the assumptions and perform a factorial analysis (FA). Choosing the optimal number of factors. Interpretation of different graphical outputs of interest for this method. R language: functions debugging

Evidence linking brain activity modulation to age and to deductive training

p. 1-10Electrical brain activity modulation in terms of changes in its intensity and spatial distribution is a function of age and task demand. However, the dynamics of brain modulation is unknown when it depends on external factors such as training. The aim of this research is to verify the effect of deductive reasoning training on the modulation in the brain activity of healthy younger and older adults (N = 47 (mean age of 21 ± 3.39) and N = 38 (mean age of 68.92 ± 5.72)). The analysis reveals the benefits of training, showing that it lowers cerebral activation while increasing the number of correct responses in the trained reasoning task (p < 0 001). The brain source generators were identified by time-averaging low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) current density images. In both groups, a bilateral overactivation associated with the task and not with age was identified. However, while the profile of bilateral activation in younger adults was symmetrical in anterior areas, in the older ones, the profile was located asymmetrically in anterior and posterior areas. Consequently, bilaterality may be a marker of how the brain adapts to maintain cognitive function in demanding tasks in both age groups. However, the differential bilateral locations across age groups indicate that the tendency to brain modulation is determined by ageS

Relative asymptotics and Fourier series of orthogonal polynomials with a discrete Sobolev inner product

21 pages, no figures.-- MSC2000 codes: 42C05, 33C47.MR#: MR1971776 (2004a:42035)Zbl#: Zbl 1014.42019^aLet μ be a finite positive Borel measure supported in [−1,1] and introduce the discrete Sobolev-type inner product $$\langle f,g\rangle = \int^1_{-1} f(x)g(x)d\mu(x)+\sum^K_{k=1} \sum^{N_k}_{i=0} M_{k,i} f^{(i)}(a_k)g^{(i)}(a_k),$$ where the mass points $a_k$ belong to [−1,1], $M_{k,i}\geq 0$, $i = 0,\dots,N_k-1$, and $M_{k,N_k} >0$. In this paper, we study the asymptotics of the Sobolev orthogonal polynomials by comparison with the orthogonal polynomials with respect to the measure μ and we prove that they have the same asymptotic behaviour. We also study the pointwise convergence of the Fourier series associated to this inner product provided that μ is the Jacobi measure. We generalize the work done by F. Marcellán and W. Van Assche where they studied the asymptotics for only one mass point in [−1,1]. The same problem with a finite number of mass points off [−1,1] was solved by G. López, F. Marcellán and W. Van Assche in a more general setting: they consider the constants Mk,i to be complex numbers. As regards the Fourier series, we continue the results achieved by F. Marcellán, B. Osilenker and I.A. Rocha for the Jacobi measure and mass points in R\[-1,1].The work of F. Marcellán was supported by a grant of Dirección General de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología) of Spain BFM-2000-0206-C04-01 and INTAS Project, INTAS 00-272.Publicad