Health behaviour counselling in primary care : general practitioner : reported rate and confidence

Aims: The study aimed to identify variables associated with General Practitioners’ (GPs’) self-reported rate of health behaviour change counselling and confidence in counselling abilities. Methodology: This study was a repeat of a similar study carried out at the Mayo Clinic in 2007. The same tool and methodology were used with the permission of the authors. Variables measured by the questionnaire included: participants’ characteristics, physical activity, smoking status, healthy eating behaviour, self-reported rate of counselling behaviour, extent of training in counselling, perceived importance of counselling, confidence for health behaviour change counselling. A comparative analysis of the results was made.peer-reviewe

Determination of the scope of the experimental-calculation method for measuring the touch voltage

The work is devoted to the improvement of methods for determining the normalized parameters of the grounding system (GS) of operating power stations and substations. The aim of the work is determination of the scope of the experimental-calculated method for measuring the touch voltage, depending on short-circuit (SC) current value for the given dimensions of the GS and the type of soil. Methodology. The study analyzed the non-linear effect of the SC current value on the touch voltage, taking into account such factors as the GS size and the soil type. The calculation used statistical data on the GS size and the characteristics of the soil obtained by monitoring the GS state of 585 operating electrical substations with a voltage class of 110-750 kV using the induction method and the method of vertical soil sounding, respectively. For the calculation, a mathematical model of a non-equipotential GS located in a three-layer semiconductor space with plane-parallel boundaries was used, this model was developed using the method of integro-differential equations. Results. To determine the scope of the method, in this work it is proposed to use the linearity criterion, which is determined due to the ratio of the constant of reduced touch voltage to the current value. The example shows the method for determining the threshold minimum and maximum values of the measuring current of the soil, in the range between which the measurements by experimental-calculated methods are impossible. A table of threshold current values has been formed and recommendations have been developed on the possibility of using experimental-measuring methods for determining the touch voltage depending on the GS size and soil characteristics.Метою роботи є визначення області застосування експериментально-розрахункового методу вимірювання напруги дотику в залежності від значення струму короткого замикання для заданих розмірів заземлювального пристрою (ЗП) та типу ґрунту. В дослідженні було проаналізовано нелінійний вплив величини струму КЗ на напругу дотику з урахуванням таких факторів як розмір ЗП та тип ґрунту. Для розрахунку була використана математична модель нееквіпотенційного ЗП, розташованого у тришаровому напівпровідному просторі з плоско-паралельними границями поділу, що була розроблена за допомогою методу інтегро-диференційних рівнянь. Для визначення області застосування методу в роботі запропоновано використовувати критерій лінійності, який визначається через відношення сталої приведеної напруги дотику до поточного значення. Сформовано таблицю значень порогових струмів та розроблено рекомендації щодо можливості використання експериментально-вимірювальних методів визначення напруги дотику в залежності від розміру ЗП та характеристик ґрунту

Method of integro-differential equations for interpreting the results of vertical electrical sounding of the soil

The paper is devoted to the problem of determining the geoelectric structure of the soil within the procedure of testing the grounding arrangements of existing power plants and substations to the required depth in conditions of dense development. To solve the problem, it was proposed to use the Schlumbergers method , which has a greater sounding depth compared to the Wenner electrode array. The purpose of the work is to develop a mathematical model for interpreting the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger method in the form of a four-layer geoelectric structure. Methodology. To construct a mathematical model, it is proposed to use the solution of a particular problem about the field of a point current source, which, like the observation point, is located in the first layer of a four-layer soil. Based on this expressions, a system of linear algebraic equations of the 7-th order with respect to the unknown coefficients ai and bi was compiled. On the basis of its analytical solution, an expression for the potential of the electric field was obtained for conducting VES (the point current source and the observation point are located only on the soil surface). Results. Comparison of the results of soil sounding by the Schlumberger installation and the interpretation of its results for the same points shows a sufficient degree of approximation: the maximum relative error does not exceed 9.7 % (for the second point), and the average relative error is 3.6 %. Originality. Based on the obtained expression, a test version of the program was implemented in Visual Basic for Applications to interpret the results of VES by the Schlumberger method. To check the obtained expressions, the interpretation of the VES results was carried out on the territory of a 150 kV substation of one of the mining and processing plants in the city of Kriviy Rih. Practical significance. The developed mathematical model will make it possible to increase the sounding depth, and, consequently, the accuracy of determining the standardized parameters of the grounding arrangements of power stations and substations.Робота присвячена проблематиці визначення геоелектричної структури ґрунту в межах випробування заземлювальних пристроїв діючих електричних станцій та підстанцій на необхідну глибину в умовах щільної забудови. Для вирішення проблеми запропоновано використати установку Шлюмберже, яка має більшу глибину зондування у порівнянні з установкою Веннера. За допомогою методів інтегро-диференційних рівнянь було отримано аналітичні вирази для інтерпретації результатів зондування ґрунту установкою Шлюмберже у випадку чотиришарового ґрунту. Для перевірки отриманих виразів була проведена інтерпретація результатів вертикального електричного зондування на території підстанції 150 кВ одного з гірничо-збагачувальних комбінатів: максимальна відносна похибка не перевищує 9,7 %, а середня – 3,6 %

Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Deficiency Alters Cigarette Smoke DNA Damage Cell Fate and Accelerates Emphysema Development

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is a major risk factor for the development of emphysema, a common disease characterized by loss of cells comprising the lung parenchyma. The mechanisms of cell injury leading to emphysema are not completely understood but are thought to involve persistent cytotoxic or mutagenic DNA damage induced by CS. Using complementary cell culture and mouse models of CS exposure, we investigated the role of the DNA repair protein, xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), on CS-induced DNA damage repair and emphysema. Expression of XPC was decreased in mouse lungs after chronic CS exposure and XPC knockdown in cultured human lung epithelial cells decreased their survival after CS exposure due to activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Similarly, cell autophagy and apoptosis were increased in XPC-deficient mouse lungs and were further increased by CS exposure. XPC deficiency was associated with structural and functional changes characteristic of emphysema, which were worsened by age, similar to levels observed with chronic CS exposure. Taken together, these findings suggest that repair of DNA damage by XPC plays an important and previously unrecognized role in the maintenance of alveolar structures. These findings support that loss of XPC, possibly due to chronic CS exposure, promotes emphysema development and further supports a link between DNA damage, impaired DNA repair, and development of emphysema

Simulation of electromagnetic processes in the grounding system with a short circuit in the operating high-voltage substation

The aim of the work is a test of the developed mathematical model of electromagnetic processes of short circuit and approbation of the created software complex «LiGro» on its basis for the existing grounding system located in three-layer soil. Methodology. To improve the accuracy of calculating the normalized parameters of operating power stations and substations, the authors developed the «LiGro» software package based on the expressions obtained in for calculating the potential of the electric field of a non-equipotential grounding system (GS). To monitor the state and assess the efficiency of the GS of operating power facilities, the electromagnetic diagnostics is used. The topology of the GS was determined with the induction method by complex KNTR-1, the geoelectric structure of the soil was determined by the method of vertical electrical sounding using the Wenner installation, the interpretation of the sounding results was made by the «VEZ-4A» program. The calculation results show that for the selected substation, the model developed in the «LiGro» complex has a deviation δ2 from the experimental values Ut by an average of 8,2 %, and the model implemented in Grounding 1.0 (IEEE model) δ1 is 17,2 %. Originality. The results of the study confirm the adequacy of the developed GS model in the «LiGro» complex based on a three-layer soil model, with the experimental values of the touch voltage obtained by simulating a single-phase ground fault on a real GS in operation. The first time was made approbation of the «LiGro» software package when performing the EMD of the GS of an operating substation with a voltage class of 150 kV. Practical significance. The program software can be used by special measuring’s laboratory to determining electrical safety parameters: touch voltage, GS voltage, and GS resistance. Метою роботи є перевірка розробленої математичної моделі електромагнітних процесів короткого замикання та апробація створеного програмного комплексу «LiGro на її основі для існуючого заземлювального пристрою (ЗП), який розташовано в тришаровому ґрунті. Перевірка практичного застосування була виконана на діючий підстанції класом напруги 150 кВ з використанням вдосконаленої методики електромагнітної діагностики. Топологія ЗП була визначена індукційним методом за допомогою приладу KNTR-1, параметри ґрунту визначені чотириелектродною симетричною установкою за схемою Веннера методом вертикального електричного зондування, інтерпретація результатів зондування виконана спеціалізованою програмою VEZ-4A. Результати порівняння розрахунку показують, що для обраної підстанції модель розроблена в комплексі LiGro має відхилення від експериментальних значень в середньому на 8,2 %, а модель реалізована в Grounding 1.0 (IEEE model) – 17,2 %. Виконано розрахунок нормованих параметрів ЗП в режимі короткого замикання: напругу дотику, опір ЗП та напругу на ЗП. Встановлено, що вони не перевищують допустимого значення. Проаналізовано переваги розрахункового комплексу у порівнянні з аналогами. Отримані результати дозволяють виконати повномасштабне впровадження програмного комплексу в діагностику стану ЗП.&nbsp

In Vitro Evaluation Of The Abrasiveness Of A Commercial Low-abrasive Dentifrice And An Experimental Dentifrice Containing Vegetable Oil

Toothpastes usually contain detergents, humectants, water colorant, fluoride and thickeners (e.g. silica). Tooth wear has a multi-factorial etilology and the use of abrasive dentifrices is related to abrasion of dental tissues during toothbrushing. This study evaluated in vitro the abrasiveness of a commercial silica gel low-abrasive dentrifice compared to an experimental dentifrice containing vegetable (almond) oil. Distilled water served as a control group. Acrylic specimens (8 per group) were submitted to simulated toothbrushing with slurries of the commercial dentifrice experimental dentifrice, almond oil and water in an automatic brushing machine programmed to 30,000 brush strokes for each specimen which is equivalent to 2 years of manual toothbrushing. Thereafter, surface roughness (Ra) of the specimens was analyzed with a Surfcorder SE 1700 profilometer. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the surface roughness after brushing with water almond oil experimental dentifrice. The commercial dentifrice produced rougher surfaces compared to the control and abrasive free products (p<0.05). Further studies are necessary in confirm the potential benefits of using vegetable oil in toothpaste as an alternative in abrasives in an attempt to minimize the tooth wear caused by toothbrushing.72415261530Löe, H., Kleinman, D.V., (1986) Dental Plaque Control Measures and Oral Hygiene Practices, , Oxford: IRL Press;, 332pBueno, M.A.M., Toledo, S., Sallum, E.A., Nociti Junior, F.H., Influência da escovação dental orientada na redução do sangramento gengival, em áreas próximas a restauraç-tioes metálicas. (1998) Rev ABO Nac, 6, pp. 44-47Andrade Junior, A.C.C., Andrade, M.R.T.C., Machado, W.A.S., Fischer, R.G., Abrasividade de dentifrícios: Revisão de literatura. (1997) Rev Periodontia, 6, pp. 25-30Baxter, P.M., Davis, W.B., Jackson, J., Toothpaste abrasive requirements to control naturally stained pellicle (1981) J Oral Rebabil, 8, pp. 19-26Hefferren, J.J., Schemehon, B., Storek, A., Lerck, M., Li, N., Silica as a reference for laboratory dentifrice assessment methods: Multiple collaborative study (2007) J Clin Dent, 8, pp. 12-16Stookey, G., Muhler, J., Laboratory studies concerning the enamel and dentin abrasion properties of common dentifrice polishing agents (1968) J Dent Res, 47, pp. 524-532Glantz, P.O., Larsson, L.A., Surface roughness of composite resins before and after toothbrushing (1972) Acta Odont Scand, 30, pp. 335-347Prampero, A.L., Lara, E.H.G., Tastes, R.C.A., Ogasawara, M.S., Panzeri, H., (1992) Relação das escovas com dentifrícios: Estudo da interação de escovas dentais de diferentes tipos de cerdas com preparações básicas para dentifr-acicios, 40, pp. 298-302. , RGOSlop, D., Rooij, J.F., Arends, J., Abrasion of enamel. 1. An in vitro investigation (1983) Caries Res, 17, pp. 242-248Heath, J., Wilson, J., Abrasion of restorative materials by toothpaste (1976) J Oral Rehabil, 3, pp. 121-138Patrão FGD, Sinhoreti MAC, Consani S, Correr Sobrinho L, Milan FM. Avaliação in vitro da rugosidade produzida por escovas dentais e dentifríicios em resina para base de prótese. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Passo Fundo. 19983: 7-14Correr Sobrinho, L., Francisco, M.U., Consani, S., Sinhoreti, M.A.C., Consani, R.L.X., Influência da escovação na rugosidade de superfície de materiais restauradores estéticos. (2001) PGR Pós-Grad Rev Fac Odontol São Jose dos Campos, 4, pp. 47-55Lara, E.H.G., Panzeri, H., Ogasawara, M.S., Ciampo, J.O.D., Moraes, J.T., Avaliação laboratorial dos dentifrícios cornerciais. (1996) Rev ABO Nac, 4, pp. 176-180Addy, M., Goodfield, S., Harrison, A., The use of acrylic to compare the abrasivity and stain removal proprieties of toothpastes (1991) Clin Mater, 7, pp. 219-225Addy, M., Evaluation of clinical trials of agents and procedures to prevent caries and periodontal disease: Choosing products and recommending procedures (1995) Int Dent J, 45, pp. 185-196Shaw, L., al-Dlaigan, Y.H., Smith, A., Childhood asthma and dental erosion (2000) J Dent Child, 67, pp. 102-106Al-Dlaigan, Y.H., Shaw, L., Smith, A.J., Is there a relationship between asthma and dental erosion? A case control study (2002) Int J Paediatric Dent, 12, pp. 189-200Aguiar, A.A.A., Moraes Filho, F.C., A interferência do óleo vegetal na aderência da placa bacteriana dental. (1998) Rev Cienc Odontol, 1, pp. 21-25Aguiar, A.A.A., Saliba, N.A., Toothbrushing with vegetable oil: A clinical and laboratorial analysis (2004) Braz Oral Res, 18, pp. 168-173Meneghim, M.C., Pereira, A.C., Silva, F.R.B., Prevalência da cárie radicular e condiç-tiao periodontal em uma população idosa institucionalizada de Piracicaba - SP. (2002) Pesqui Odontol Bras, 16, pp. 50-56Fransson, C., Berglundh, T., Lindhe, J., The effect of age on the development of gingivitis. Clinical, microbiological and histological findings (1996) J Clin Periodontal, 23, pp. 379-385Lima FAP, Góes MF, Consani S. Avaliação in vitro da ação abrasiva de escovas dentais. Odonto. 1998;3:23-7Santos, P.H., (2000) Avaliação da porosidade interna e da rugosidade de superfície de resinas compostas para dentes posteriores submetidas à escovação, , Master's thesis, Piracicaba-SP: Piracicaba Dental School/UNICAMP;, 180pMoore, C., Addy, M., Wear of dentin in vitro by toothpaste abrasives and detergents alone and combined (2005) J Clin Periodontol, 32, pp. 1242-1246Joiner, A., Pickles, M.J., Tanner, C., Weader, E., Doyle, P., An in situ model to study the toothpaste abrasion of enamel (2004) J Clin Periodontol, 31, pp. 434-438Figueiredo, M.C., Bello, D., Avaliação comparativa entre a eficácia de uma escova alternativa e uma escova convencional na remoção de placa dent-acaria. (1999) Rev Fac Odontol Univ Passo Fundo, 4, pp. 13-2

Coherent Population Trapping with Controlled Interparticle Interactions

We investigate Coherent Population Trapping in a strongly interacting ultracold Rydberg gas. Despite the strong van der Waals interactions and interparticle correlations, we observe the persistence of a resonance with subnatural linewidth at the single-particle resonance frequency as we tune the interaction strength. This narrow resonance cannot be understood within a meanfield description of the strong Rydberg--Rydberg interactions. Instead, a many-body density matrix approach, accounting for the dynamics of interparticle correlations, is shown to reproduce the observed spectral features

Highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells through band alignment engineering

The simplification of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), by replacing the mesoporous electron selective layer (ESL) with a planar one, is advantageous for large-scale manufacturing. PSCs with a planar TiO2 ESL have been demonstrated, but these exhibit unstabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein we show that planar PSCs using TiO2 are inherently limited due to conduction band misalignment and demonstrate, with a variety of characterization techniques, for the first time that SnO2 achieves a barrier-free energetic configuration, obtaining almost hysteresis-free PCEs of over 18% with record high voltages of up to 1.19 V