Cátalogo de epífitas vasculares del sector El Silencio (Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo) y zona amortiguadora, Córdoba, Colombia

Se presenta el catálogo de la vegetación epifita vascular de un sector del Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo (PNNP) y zona amortiguadora (Córdoba, Colombia). Se realizaron muestreos en un área de 0,1 hectárea, donde se colectaron todas las epífitas vasculares distribuidas en los forófitos que presentaron un DAP ≥2,5 cm en cuatro sectores, El Silencio (interior del PNNP), Tuis Tuis, Tuis Tuis Arriba y Alto de Chibogadó (zona amortiguadora), correspondientes al bosque húmedo tropical (Bh-T) en el municipio de Tierralta. Se encontraron 2504 individuos de epífitas vasculares. El catálogo contiene 73 especies distribuidas en 41 géneros y 18 familias. El sector Tuis Tuis presentó el mayor número de especies (33). Las familias mejor representadas corresponden a las Araceae, Bromeliaceae y Orchidaceae, destacándose por mayor número de especies y géneros la familia Orchidaceae (20/15). Los géneros más diversos fueron Anthurium con ocho especies, Guzmania seis, Tillandsia y Aechmea con cinco cada uno. Los helechos reúnen solo el 6 % de la flora epifita. Se reportan  nuevos registros de especies para el departamento de Córdoba (39), ampliando el rango de distribución de este grupo de plantas en el país.The catalogue of the vascular epiphyte vegetation of Silencio sector (Paramillo National Natural Park) and buffer zone (Córdoba) is showed. Sampling was conducted in an area of 0,1 ha, collecting all vascular epiphytes distributed in phorophytes with a DAP≥2,5 cm, in four sectors. Collections were performed in the Silencio sectors (PNNP), Tuis Tuis, Tuis Tuis Arriba and Alto Chibogadó (buffer zone) of the tropical rain forest (Bh -T) in Tierralta town. 2504 individuals were recorded as vascular epiphytes. The catalog includes 73 species in 41 genera and 18 families. The sector Tuis Tuis showed the greatest representation of species (33). The families with the highest representation corresponds to Araceae, Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae families. The Orchidaceae family had the highest diversity with 20 species and 15 genera. The most diverse genera were Anthurium with eight species, Guzmania with six species and Aechmea and Tillandsia with five species each one. Ferns are presented only in 6 % of the epiphytic plants. 39 new species records for the department of Córdoba - Colombia are reported, extending the range of distribution of this group of plants in the country

Caracterización físico-química de maíz (Zea mays L.) criollo (azul y rojo) del Estado de México

Objective: To evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the creole corn (blue and red) from the Estado de México. Design / methodology / approach: Size (mm), hectoliter weight (kg/Hl-1), color and aw were evaluated on blue and red creole corn. Besides, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, and protein content were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to assess possible significant differences using the Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: Red creole corn had lower moisture and higher protein and ethereal extract contents also it was larger and had higher hectoliter weight therefore the flour yield of red corn could be higher than in blue corn. Study limitations / implications: Biological activity of the evaluated creole corn kernels is necessary for it use as a functional food. Findings / Conclusions: Red corn had better physicochemical characteristics than blue cornObjetivo: Evaluar las caracterísicas físicas y químicas de maíz criollo azul y rojo del Estado de México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Para la caracterización físicoquímica del maíz criollo azul y rojo, las variables que se evaluaron fueron tamaño (mm), peso hectolítrico (kg/Hl-1), color (escala LAB) así como la  actividad de agua (aw). Además se realizó un análisis químico proximal determinando humedad, cenizas, extracto etéreo y proteína. Se realizó un análisis estadístico para evaluar las posibles diferencias significativas utilizando la prueba de Tukey (p<0.05). Resultados: El maíz rojo tuvo menor valor de humedad, mayor contenido de extracto etéreo y proteína que el maíz azul, además tiene mayor tamaño y peso hectolítrico lo que lo hace buen candidato para la obtención de harina. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La determinación de la actividad biológica es necesaria para poder recomendar el uso de estos maíces criollos como alimentos funcionales. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El maíz rojo tiene mejores características físicoquímicas que el maíz azul

Actividad antihipertensiva de péptidos de zeína extraídos de maíz (Zea mays L.) criollo (azul y rojo) del Estado de México

Objective: To evaluate the antihypertensive activity of peptides extracted from nixtamalized and non-nixtamalized creole corn (blue and red) zein from the Estado de México. Design / methodology / approach: Bioinformatic tools, such as the NCBI database, were used to search for primary sequences of the maize zein protein. The methodology included a prediction of peptides with antihypertensive activity through various bioinformatic servers. Inhibitory activity was determined by percentage regression. Statistical analysis was performed to assess possible significant differences using the Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: The following peptides were found by in silico hydrolysis: IFSILMLLA, LSACVLDATI, TASVCENPTL, LPLSPLLFQQ, SPALSLVQSL, LSPYSQQQQF, PFSQLATAY, LPFYQQFSAN and PAAFYQQHII that showed inhibition activity. The results showed that the GH (grade of hydrolysis) was higher in blue corn (13.96 ± 0.02) than in red corn (10.38 ± 0.79) without nixtamalization, while, with the nixtamalization process, this parameter was also higher in blue corn (10.52 ± 0.57) than in red corn (8.96 ± 0.01). Study limitations / implications: The enzyme used for hydrolysis generates oligopeptides that may not be as closely related to the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Findings / Conclusions: In vitro antihypertensive activity of unhydrolyzed blue corn zein showed a lower percentage of ACE inhibition compared to unhydrolyzed red corn. Trypsin hydrolysis only increases ACE inhibitory activity in blue corn at a concentration of 0.3 mg / mL without nixtamalizing.Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antihipertensiva de péptidos extraídos de zeína de maíz criollo azul y rojo nixtamalizado y sin nixtamalizar del Estado de México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se emplearon herramientas bioinformáticas, tales como la base de datos NCBI para la búsqueda de secuencias primarias de la proteína zeína del maíz. La metodología incluyó una predicción de los péptidos con actividad antihipertensiva a través de diversos servidores bioinformáticos. La actividad inhibitoria se determinó mediante la regresión del porcentaje. Se realizó un análisis estadístico para evaluar las posibles diferencias significativas utilizando la prueba de Tukey (p<0.05). Resultados: Por medio de la hidrólisis in sílico se encontraron los siguientes péptidos: IFSILMLLA, LSACVLDATI, TASVCENPTL, LPLSPLLFQQ, SPALSLVQSL, LSPYSQQQQF, PFSQLATAY,            LPFYQQFSAN y PAAFYQQHII que mostraron actividad de inhibición de la ECA. Los resultados mostraron que el GH de la zeína fue mayor en maíz azul (13.96±0.02) que en maíz rojo (10.38±0.79) sin nixtamalizar, mientras que, con el proceso de nixtamalización, este parámetro también fue mayor en el maíz azul (10.52±0.57) que en el maíz rojo (8.96±0.01). Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La enzima utilizada para la hidrólisis enzimática genera oligopéptidos que tal vez no puedan ser tan afines a la enzima convertidora de angiotensina. Hallazgos/conclusiones: La actividad antihipertensiva in vitro del maíz azul sin hidrolizar mostraron un menor porcentaje de inhibición de la ECA con respecto al maíz rojo sin hidrolizar. La hidrólisis con tripsina solo incrementa la actividad inhibitoria de la ECA en maíz azul a concentración de 0.3 mg/mL sin nixtamalizar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Los isópodos Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), ectoparásitos de Parapsettus panamensis (Ephippidae), Chloroscombrus orqueta (Carangidae) y Stellifer ericymba (Sciaenidae) del Pacífico de Honduras

We report the ectoparasitic isopod crustaceans Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata in fish from the Pacific of Honduras. C. exigua was in the gills and tongue of Parapsettus panamensis and Chloroscombrus orqueta which is a new host record, like Stellifer ericymba which had N. acuminata in the pelvic fins. All specimens are from Golfo de Fonseca: 54 C. exigua and one ovigerous male of N. acuminata. Se registran los crustáceos isópodos ectoparasitos Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata, en peces del Pacífico de Honduras. C. exigua se encontró en las agallas y en la boca sustituyendo la lengua de Parapsettus panamensis y de Chloroscombrus orqueta como nuevo registro de pez hospedero, al igual que Stellifer ericymba donde se encontró a N. acuminata en las aletas pélvicas. Todos del Golfo de Fonseca: 54  C. exigua y un macho ovigero de N. acuminata

Compliance with the clinical laboratory quality protocol in public primary healthcare centres.

The clinical and economic relevance of the clinical laboratories procedures in Andalusia (Spain) have led the Regional Department of Health to focus attention on their improvement. A unified laboratory protocol was implemented that consisted of the unification of criteria in the handling and processing of samples, and report of results. The objective of this study is to describe the degree of compliance with the clinical laboratory protocol in the preanalytical phase, which includes the analytical request and up to the delivery in the laboratory, as well as the influencing factors. Cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 214 healthcare professionals involved in the preanalytical phase of laboratory procedures in primary care. A self-reported questionnaire with 11 items was used for data collection. Each item was assessed separately with a scale from 0 to 10. A 5 points score was considered as the cutoff point. Descriptive analysis was conducted and Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between subgroups. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was considered. The best rated item was verifying the correspondence between the request form and identity of the patient. Each item scored from 3 to 10, and the mean for each item ranged from 6.40 (standard deviation = 3.06) to 8.57 (standard deviation = 2.00). Values above or equal to 8 were obtained, for 63.6% of them. Statistically significant differences between accredited and nonaccredited centres were found. Differences were not noteworthy regarding centres with a teaching activity or those without it. All the items were measured separately. The compliance with the protocol was adequate among primary healthcare professionals, who have a strategic position in the sample collection and its transport during the preanalytical phase. Being so, standardisation should be a priority to reduce errors and improve clinical safety and results

Los isópodos Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), ectoparásitos de Parapsettus panamensis (Ephippidae), Chloroscombrus orqueta (Carangidae) y Stellifer ericymba (Sciaenidae) del Pacífico de Honduras

We report the ectoparasitic isopod crustaceans Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata in fish from the Pacific of Honduras. C. exigua was in the gills and tongue of Parapsettus panamensis and Chloroscombrus orqueta which is a new host record, like Stellifer ericymba which had N. acuminata in the pelvic fins. All specimens are from Golfo de Fonseca: 54 C. exigua and one ovigerous male of N. acuminata. Se registran los crustáceos isópodos ectoparasitos Cymothoa exigua y Nerocila acuminata, en peces del Pacífico de Honduras. C. exigua se encontró en las agallas y en la boca sustituyendo la lengua de Parapsettus panamensis y de Chloroscombrus orqueta como nuevo registro de pez hospedero, al igual que Stellifer ericymba donde se encontró a N. acuminata en las aletas pélvicas. Todos del Golfo de Fonseca: 54  C. exigua y un macho ovigero de N. acuminata