11 research outputs found
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L.
- Abdeen Z. A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Rahim H. F.
- Abdurrahmonova Z.
- Abril G. L.
- Abu-Rmeileh N. M.
- Acosta-Cazares B.
- Adam I.
- Adamczyk M.
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- Adu-Afarwuah S.
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- Afzal S.
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- Aguilar-Salinas C. A.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
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- Abdeen ZA
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- Abdul Rahim HF
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- Abril GL
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p
Lack of effect of topical statins in linear porokeratosis
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Síndrome de Kindler, manejo multidisciplinario
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Pilot Homicide-Suicide: A System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) of Germanwings GWI18G
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- A Abdulkhaleq
- A Plioutsias
- AC Wu
- ADB Evans
- AW Siegel
- C Kenedi
- CH Fleming
- CK Allison
- DA Jordi
- EAS Agency
- G Li
- H Low
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- J Rasmussen
- J Rasmussen
- JAB Geymar
- JM Clark
- M Čepin
- MM Chatzimichailidou
- NG Leveson
- NG Leveson
- NG Leveson
- NG Leveson
- O Saleva
- R Panczak
- SJ Mitchell
- T Ishimatsu
- T Oehler
- V Cockpit
- WS Lee
- Y Guo
- Y Lu
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Molecular Therapeutics in Development for Epidermolysis Bullosa: Update 2020
- Author
- A Diociaiuti
- A Gostynski
- A Izmiryan
- A Nyström
- A Nyström
- A Nyström
- A Reimer
- A Schwieger-Briel
- AM Pasmooij
- AM Pasmooij
- AM Pasmooij
- AW Arnold
- B Tockner
- BR Webber
- C Has
- C Kowalewski
- C Prodinger
- D Benati
- D Kiritsi
- D Kiritsi
- DM Supp
- DT Woodley
- DT Woodley
- DT Woodley
- E Aikawa
- E Chacón-Solano
- E Rashidghamat
- EC Connolly
- EM Welch
- F Cianfarani
- F Ciardiello
- F Mavilio
- G Annicchiarico
- H Vahidnezhad
- H Vahidnezhad
- J Bonafont
- J Bremer
- J Bremer
- J Cogan
- J Hoffmann
- J Jacków
- J Uitto
- J-D Fine
- JA McGrath
- JD Fine
- JD Fine
- JE Mellerio
- JE Mellerio
- JW Bauer
- K Medek
- K Tamai
- K Twaroski
- L De Rosa
- M Goto
- M Kim
- M Rodrigues
- M Saleva
- M Titeux
- ME Maccari
- MF Jonkman
- MJ Osborn
- MP Marinkovich
- MR Migden
- N Liu
- N Umegaki-Arao
- O Bornert
- O Bornert
- OP March
- P Peking
- P Peking
- PD Walker
- RL Ferris
- S Eichstadt
- S Gaucher
- S Gonzalez-Hilarion
- S Hainzl
- S Shinkuma
- S Takashima
- S Turczynski
- SM Lwin
- SP McElroy
- T Hirsch
- T Kido
- T Kocher
- T Odorisio
- T Shimbo
- TM Kolodka
- V Lincoln
- V Wally
- VS Atanasova
- VS Atanasova
- VS Atanasova
- W Wu
- WY Yuen
- Y Shi
- YZ Ng
- Z Siprashvili
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Homicide–Suicide in China: an Exploratory Study of Characteristics and Types
- Author
- A Felthous
- A Henry
- A Moskowitz
- A Raine
- A Thornton
- AG Yick
- C Campanelli
- C-W Wang
- CY Chan
- D Chu
- D Cohen
- D Lester
- D West
- DA Infante
- DA Infante
- DA Infante
- DW Harper
- E Durkheim
- E Hannum
- E Hannum
- E Hickey
- E Holroyd
- E Morton
- G Duwe
- J Aderibigbe
- J Coid
- J Fox
- J Kivivuori
- J Koziol-McLain
- J Logan
- J Malphurs
- J Malphurs
- J Manning
- J Volantia
- James A. Densley
- K Dogan
- K Dogan
- K Menninger
- K Roberts
- K Shiferaw
- K Wormer van
- K-L Chan
- KL Chan
- L Danson
- L Jun
- LH Fincher
- M Adinkrah
- M Breiding
- M Dawson
- M Ho
- M Liem
- M Liem
- M Liem
- M Miller
- M Phillips
- ME Rueve
- MK Nock
- N Hata
- O Saleva
- OI Fawole
- P Murzuk
- P Saint-Martin
- P Unnithan
- P Yip
- R Agnew
- R Briceno-Leon
- R Comstock
- R Hanzlick
- R Panczak
- RM Bossarte
- S Eliason
- S Freud
- S Hilal
- S Jena
- S Stack
- SG Hannah
- SH Friedman
- SM Flynn
- SM Pan
- Spencer D. Li
- Susan M. Hilal
- T Haenel
- W Parish
- Wei Tang
- X Sheng
- X Xu
- X Xu
- YP Cao
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified. © 2023, The Author(s)
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
- Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya
- Abril Guadalupe Longo
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adam Ishag
- Adamczyk Marzena
- Adams Robert J.
- Adu-Afarwuah Seth
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agbor Valirie N.
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguenaou Hassan
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmed Imran
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Hourani Huda M.
- Al Qaoud Nawal M.
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M.
- Al-Lahou Badreya
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Aldwairji Maryam A.
- Alexius Sylvia
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala’a
- Alkhatib Buthaina M.
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amoah John
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Androutsos Odysseas
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Anufrieva Elena
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aseffa Nega
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assembekov Batyrbek
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- Aung May Soe
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- Bere Elling
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- Braeckman Lutgart
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- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
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- Cervantes‐Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A.
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- Chan Angelique
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- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chee Miao Li
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Yiling J.
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinapaw Mai J. M.
- Chinnock Anne
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque María-Dolores
- Cho Belong
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- Christofaro Diego G.
- Chudek Jerzy
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- Cinteza Eliza
- Cirillo Massimo
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- de Fragas Hinnig Patrícia
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- De Henauw Stefaan
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- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
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- González Enrique Gutiérrez
- González-Alvarez Ana D.
- González-Gil Esther M.
- González-Leon Margot
- González-Rivas Juan P.
- González-Villalpando Clicerio
- González-Villalpando María-Elena
- Gonçalves Helen
- Gonçalves Mauer
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dušan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G.
- Graça Antonio Pedro
- Gregg Edward W.
- Gregor Ronald D.
- Gregório Maria João
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Grøholt Else Karin
- Grøntved Anders
- Gu Dongfeng
- Guajardo Viviana
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillón Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F.
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L.
- Gulliford Martin C.
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J.
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C.
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Gwee Xinyi
- Gómez Georgina
- Gómez Jesús Humberto Gómez
- Gómez Santiago F.
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A.
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjær Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R.
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hanekom Willem A.
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu A. M.
- Hantunen Sari
- Hao Jie
- Hardman Carla Menêses
- Harooni Javad
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J.
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felső Regina
- Heier Margit
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M.
- Herrera-Cuenca Marianella
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Herzig Karl-Heinz
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G.
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C.
- Hobbs Michael
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M.
- Horimoto Andrea R. V. R.
- Hormiga Claudia M.
- Horta Bernardo L.
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta José María
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huu Chinh Nguyen
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Höfelmann Doroteia A.
- Iacoviello Licia
- Iakupova Ellina M.
- Ibarluzea Jesús M.
- Ibrahim Mohsen M.
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M. Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E.
- Ishida Takafumi
- Isiguzo Godsent C.
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Islek Duygu
- Iurilli Maria L. C.
- Ivanova-Pandourska Ivaila Y.
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Iñiguez Carmen
- Jackson Rod T.
- Jacobs Jeremy M.
- Jadoul Michel
- Jafar Tazeen
- Jallow Bakary
- James Kenneth
- Jamil Kazi M.
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Jansson Anna
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelaković Ana
- Jelaković Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Maritza Landaeta
- Jimenez Ramon O.
- Joffres Michel
- Jokelainen Jari J.
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jonnagaddala Jitendra
- Jonsson Kenisha Russell
- Joshi Pradeep
- Josipović Josipa
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Judge Debra S.
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Jääskeläinen Tuija
- Jérome Charles Sossa
- Jóźwiak Jacek J.
- Jöckel Karl-Heinz
- Jørgensen Maja Bæksgaard
- Jørgensen Torben
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kaducu Felix O.
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kaj Mónika
- Kajantie Eero O.
- Kakutia Natia
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kameli Yves
- Kampmann Freja B.
- Kanala Kodanda R.
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karaglani Eva
- Karakosta Argyro
- Karki Khem B.
- Katchunga Philippe B.
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Katzmarzyk Peter T.
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M.
- Kaze François F.
- Ke Calvin
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
- Kemper Han C. G.
- Kengne Andre P.
- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khaledifar Arsalan
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse M. S. L.
- Kiechl Sophia J.
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M.
- Kingston Andrew
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria Anna
- Kovalskys Irina
- Kovtun Olga Petrovna
- Kovács Éva
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratenova Jana
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriaucioniene Vilma
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krizan Helena
- Kroker-Lobos Maria F.
- Krokstad Steinar
- Kromhout Daan
- Kruger Herculina S.
- Kruger Ruan
- Kryst Łukasz
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kuciene Renata
- Kujala Urho M.
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kulimbet Mukhtar
- Kumar R. Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kunešová Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S.
- Kutsenko Vladimir
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Kállayová Daniela
- Kårhus Line L.
- König Jürgen
- La Quang Ngoc
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Lackner Karl J.
- Laid Youcef
- Lall Lachmie
- Lam Tai Hing
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Larissa Simo Pone
- Lassen Tina Harmer
- Latt Tint Swe
- Laurenzi Martino
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Coroller Gwenaëlle
- Le Nguyen Bao Khanh
- Le Port Agnès
- Le Tuyen D.
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H.
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimäki Terho
- Lele Elysée Claude Bika
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Leskošek Branimir
- Leszczak Justyna
- Leth-Møller Katja B.
- Leung Gabriel M.
- Levitt Naomi S.
- Lhoste Victor
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lilly Christa L.
- Lim Charlie
- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M. Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Lingam Vijaya
- Linkohr Birgit
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Long Khuong Quynh
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Marcus V. V.
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lozano José Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L.
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigová Michala
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
- Machado-Coelho George L. L.
- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M.
- Macia Enguerran
- Macieira Luisa M.
- Madar Ahmed A.
- Madsen Anja L.
- Maestre Gladys E.
- Maggi Stefania
- Magliano Dianna J.
- Magnacca Sara
- Magnazu Moran Blychfeld
- Magriplis Emmanuella
- Mahasampath Gowri
- Maire Bernard
- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Malyutina Sofia K.
- Maniego Lynell V.
- Manios Yannis
- Manix Masimango Imani
- Mann Jim I.
- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manyanga Taru
- Manzato Enzo
- Marcil Anie
- Margozzini Paula
- Marina Loreto Santa
- Mariño Joany
- Markaki Anastasia
- Markey Oonagh
- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
- Marrugat Jaume
- Martin Rosemarie
- Martin-Prevel Yves
- Martinez Eduardo Salazar
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Martos Eva
- Maruszczak Katharina
- Marventano Stefano
- Masala Giovanna
- Mascarenhas Luis P.
- Masoodi Shariq R.
- Mathiesen Ellisiv B.
- Mathur Prashant
- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matsha Tandi E.
- Matsudo Victor
- Matłosz Piotr
- Mavrogianni Christina
- Mazur Artur
- Mbanya Jean Claude N.
- McFarlane Shelly R.
- McGarvey Stephen T.
- McKee Martin
- McLachlan Stela
- McLean Rachael M.
- McLean Scott B.
- McNairy Margaret L.
- McNulty Breige A.
- Medzioniene Jurate
- Mehdipour Parinaz
- Mehlig Kirsten
- Mehrparvar Amir Houshang
- Meirhaeghe Aline
- Meisfjord Jørgen
- Meisinger Christa
- Melgarejo Jesus D.
- Melkumova Marina
- Mello João
- Mendivil Carlos O.
- Menezes Ana Maria B.
- Menon Geetha R.
- Mensink Gert B. M.
- Menzano Maria Teresa
- Meshram Indrapal I.
- Meto Diane T.
- Mi Jie
- Michaelsen Kim F.
- Michels Nathalie
- Mikkel Kairit
- Milanović Sanja Musić
- Miller Jody C.
- Milushkina Olga
- Minderico Cláudia S.
- Mini G. K.
- Miquel Juan Francisco
- Miranda J. Jaime
- Mirjalili Mohammad Reza
- Mirkopoulou Daphne
- Mirrakhimov Erkin
- Mishra Anu
- Mistretta Antonio
- Miłkowska Karolina
- Mišigoj-Duraković Marjeta
- Mocanu Veronica
- Modesti Pietro A.
- Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi
- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohamed Mostafa K.
- Mohamed Shukri F.
- Mohammad Kazem
- Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
- Mohammadi Zahra
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon Wan
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohanna Salim
- Mohebbi Iraj
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitry Marie
- Molnár Dénes
- Momenan Amirabbas
- Mondo Charles K.
- Monroy-Valle Michele
- Montenegro Mendoza Roger A.
- Monterrubio-Flores Eric
- Monyeki Kotsedi Daniel K.
- Moon Jin Soo
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Mopa Hermine T.
- Moradpour Farhad
- Moreira Leila B.
- Morejon Alain
- Moreno Emma Ruiz
- Moreno Luis A.
- Morey Francis
- Morgan Karen
- Morin Suzanne N.
- Mortensen Erik Lykke
- Moschonis George
- Moslem Alireza
- Mossakowska Malgorzata
- Mostafa Aya
- Mostafavi Seyed-Ali
- Mota Jorge
- Mota-Pinto Anabela
- Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
- Motta Jorge
- Moura-dos-Santos Marcos André
- Movsesyan Yeva
- Mridha Malay K.
- Msyamboza Kelias P.
- Mu Thet Thet
- Muc Magdalena
- Muca Florian
- Mugoša Boban
- Muiesan Maria L.
- Mursu Jaakko
- Murtagh Elaine M.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Musil Vera
- Musinguzi Geofrey
- Muyer Muel Telo M. C.
- Mäki Päivi
- Méndez Fabián
- Mérida María José García
- Møllehave Line T.
- Møller Niels C.
- Müller-Nurasyid Martina
- Münzel Thomas
- M’Buyamba-Kabangu Jean-René
- Nabipour Iraj
- Naderimagham Shohreh
- Nagel Gabriele
- Najafi Farid
- Nakamura Harunobu
- Nalecz Hanna
- Nang Ei Ei K.
- Nangia Vinay B.
- Nankap Martin
- Narake Sameer
- Nardone Paola
- Naseri Take
- Nauck Matthias
- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) [missing]
- Neal William A.
- Nejatizadeh Azim
- Nekkantti Chandini
- Nelis Keiu
- Nenko Ilona
- Neovius Martin
- Nervi Flavio
- Ng Tze Pin
- Nguyen Chung T.
- Nguyen Nguyen D.
- Nguyen Quang Ngoc
- Ni Michael Y.
- Nicolescu Rodica
- Nie Peng
- Nieto-Martínez Ramfis E.
- Nikitin Yury P.
- Ning Guang
- Ninomiya Toshiharu
- Nishi Nobuo
- Nishtar Sania
- Noale Marianna
- Noboa Oscar A.
- Nogueira Helena
- Nordendahl Maria
- Nordestgaard Børge G.
- Noto Davide
- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nsour Mohannad Al
- Nuhoğlu Irfan
- Nunes Baltazar
- Nurk Eha
- Nuwaha Fred
- Nyirenda Moffat
- Námešná Jana
- Obreja Galina
- Ochimana Caleb
- Ochoa-Avilés Angélica M.
- Oda Eiji
- Odili Augustine N.
- Oh Kyungwon
- Ohara Kumiko
- Ohlsson Claes
- Ohtsuka Ryutaro
- Olafsson Örn
- Olinto Maria Teresa A.
- Oliveira Isabel O.
- Omar Mohd Azahadi
- Omar Saeed M.
- Onat Altan
- Ong Sok King
- Onland-Moret N. Charlotte
- Ono Lariane M.
- Ordunez Pedro
- Ornelas Rui
- Ortiz Ana P.
- Ortiz Pedro J.
- Osler Merete
- Osmond Clive
- Ostojic Sergej M.
- Ostovar Afshin
- Otero Johanna A.
- Overvad Kim
- Owusu-Dabo Ellis
- O’Neill Terence W.
- O’Reilly Dermot
- Paccaud Fred Michel
- Paciorek Christopher J.
- Padez Cristina P.
- Pagkalos Ioannis
- Pahomova Elena
- Pająk Andrzej
- Palloni Alberto
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Arvind
- Panza Francesco
- Paoli Mariela
- Papadopoulou Sousana K.
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Pareja Rossina G.
- Park Soon-Woo
- Park Suyeon
- Parnell Winsome R.
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pascanu Ionela M.
- Pasquet Patrick
- Patel Nikhil D.
- Pattussi Marcos
- Pavlyshyn Halyna
- Pechlaner Raimund
- Pednekar Mangesh S.
- Pedro João M.
- Peer Nasheeta
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C.
- Peres Marco A.
- Peterkova Valentina
- Peters Annette
- Petersmann Astrid
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Petrauskiene Ausra
- Petrescu Constanta Huidumac
- Pettenuzzo Emanuela
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pećin Ivan
- Pfeiffer Norbert
- Phall Modou Cheyassin
- Pham Son Thai
- Phelps Nowell H.
- Pichardo Rafael N.
- Pierannunzio Daniela
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pistelli Francesco
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia N.
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Platonova Alina G.
- Poh Bee Koon
- Pohlabeln Hermann
- Polka Nadija S.
- Pop Raluca M.
- Popovic Stevo R.
- Porta Miquel
- Posch Georg
- Poudyal Anil
- Poulimeneas Dimitrios
- Pouraram Hamed
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Pradeepa Rajendra
- Price Alison J.
- Price Jacqueline F.
- Prista Antonio
- Providencia Rui
- Puder Jardena J.
- Pudule Iveta
- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Pérez Cynthia M.
- Qadir Muhammed S.
- Qasrawi Radwan F.
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quintana Hedley K.
- Quiroga-Padilla Pedro J.
- Rach Stefan
- Radic Ivana
- Radisauskas Ricardas
- Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul
- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
- Rajabov Tamerlan
- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramadan Otim P. C.
- Ramires Virgílio V.
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
- Rampal Lekhraj
- Rampal Sanjay
- Rangelova Lalka S.
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
- Rao Sudha Ramachandra
- Rarra Vayia
- Rascon-Pacheco Ramon A.
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M.
- Regecová Valéria
- Renner Jane D. P.
- Repasy Judit A.
- Reuter Cézane P.
- Revilla Luis
- Reynolds Andrew
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Rho Yeunsook
- Ribas-Barba Lourdes
- Ribeiro Robespierre
- Riboli Elio
- Richter Adrian
- Rigo Fernando
- Rigotti Attilio
- Riley Leanne M.
- Rinaldo Natascia
- Rinke de Wit Tobias F.
- Ripollés María Pilar Díez
- Rito Ana I.
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M.
- Rivera Juan A.
- Roa Reina G.
- Robinson Louise
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Roccaldo Romana
- Rodrigues Daniela
- Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea
- Rodríguez Andrea Y.
- Rodríguez Inés Sánchez
- Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A.
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rohloff Peter
- Rohner Fabian
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Rojroongwasinkul Nipa
- Rolandi Gilda Estela Benitez
- Romaguera Dora
- Romeo Elisabetta L.
- Rosario Angelika Schaffrath
- Rosario Rafaela V.
- Rosengren Annika
- Rouse Ian
- Rouzier Vanessa
- Roy Joel G. R.
- Ruano Maira H.
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Ruiz-Castell Maria
- Rusakova Iuliia A.
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Rühli Frank J.
- Saamel Marge
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sabbaghi Hamideh
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S.
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saghi Mohammad Hossien
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Saleva Calogero
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T.
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sandjaja [missing]
- Sans Susana
- Santacruz Ethel
- Santos Diana A.
- Santos Ina S.
- Santos Lèlita C.
- Santos Maria Paula
- Santos Osvaldo
- Santos Rute
- Santos Tamara R.
- Sant’Angelo Victoria Farrugia
- Saramies Jouko L.
- Sardinha Luis B.
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Saum Kai-Uwe
- Savin Stefan
- Savva Savvas
- Savy Mathilde
- Sawada Norie
- Sbaraini Mariana
- Scazufca Marcia
- Schaan Beatriz D.
- Schargrodsky Herman
- Schienkiewitz Anja
- Schindler Karin
- Schipf Sabine
- Schmidt Carsten O.
- Schmidt Ida Maria
- Schneider Andrea
- Schnohr Peter
- Schramm Sara
- Schramm Stine
- Schröder Helmut
- Schultsz Constance
- Schulze Matthias B.
- Schutte Aletta E.
- Schöttker Ben
- Sebert Sylvain
- Sedaghattalab Moslem
- Selamat Rusidah
- Sember Vedrana
- Sen Abhijit
- Senbanjo Idowu O.
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Sequera Guillermo
- Serra-Majem Luis
- Servais Jennifer
- Shalnova Svetlana
- Shamah-Levy Teresa
- Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza
- Shanthirani Coimbatore Subramaniam
- Sharafkhah Maryam
- Sharma Sanjib K.
- Shaw Jonathan E.
- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Sheffer Kate E.
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shimizu-Furusawa Hana
- Shimony Tal
- Shiri Rahman
- Shrestha Namuna
- Si-Ramlee Khairil
- Siani Alfonso
- Siantar Rosalynn
- Sibai Abla M.
- Sidossis Labros S.
- Silitrari Natalia
- Silva Antonio M.
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Kelly S.
- Sim Xueling
- Simina Iulia Jurca
- Simon Mary
- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A.
- Singleton Rosie K.
- Sjöberg Agneta
- Sjöström Michael
- Skoblina Natalia A.
- Skodje Gry
- Slazhnyova Tatyana
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemysław
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugène
- Sodemann Morten
- Soekatri Moesijanti Y. E.
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solano Marta García
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
- Sonestedt Emily
- Song Yi
- Soofi Sajid
- Sophiea Marisa K.
- Sorić Maroje
- Soto-Rojas Victoria E.
- Soumaré Aïcha
- Sousa-Poza Alfonso
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Spencer Phoebe R.
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
- Staessen Jan A.
- Stamm Hanspeter
- Starc Gregor
- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
- Steene-Johannessen Jostein
- Stehle Peter
- Stein Aryeh D.
- Stergiou George S.
- Stessman Jochanan
- Stevanović Ranko
- Stevens Gretchen A.
- Stieber Jutta
- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Stöckl Doris
- Suka Machi
- Sun Chien-An
- Sun Liang
- Sundström Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
- Sunyer Jordi
- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Suárez-Medina Ramón
- Sweis Nabil William G.
- Swinburn Boyd A.
- Sy Rody G.
- Sylva René Charles
- Szklo Moyses
- Szponar Lucjan
- Sánchez-Abanto Jose
- Söderberg Stefan
- Sørensen Thorkild I. A.
- Sørgjerd Elin P.
- Tabone Lorraine
- Tai E. Shyong
- Tambalis Konstantinos D.
- Tammesoo Mari-Liis
- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tan Eng Joo
- Tang Xun
- Tanrygulyyeva Maya
- Tanser Frank
- Tao Yong
- Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul
- Tarp Jakob
- Tarqui-Mamani Carolina B.
- Taylor Anne
- Taylor Julie
- Tchibindat Félicité
- Te Velde Saskia
- Tebar William R.
- Tell Grethe S.
- Tello Tania
- Tham Yih Chung
- Thankappan K. R.
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
- Thomas Nihal
- Thorand Barbara
- Thuesen Betina H.
- Tichá Ľubica
- Timmermans Erik J.
- Tjandrarini Dwi H.
- Tjonneland Anne
- Tolonen Hanna K.
- Tolstrup Janne S.
- Topbas Murat
- Topór-Mądry Roman
- Torheim Liv Elin
- Tormo María José
- Tornaritis Michael J.
- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Toselli Stefania
- Touloumi Giota
- Traissac Pierre
- Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Tremblay Mark S.
- Triantafyllou Areti
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
- Trivedi Atul
- Tsao Yu-Hsiang
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsintavis Panagiotis
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuitele John
- Tuliakova Azaliia M.
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria L.
- Twig Gilad
- Tynelius Per
- Tzala Evangelia
- Tzotzas Themistoklis
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ukoli Flora A. M.
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Uysal Nalan
- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
- van Dam Rob M.
- van den Born Bert-Jan
- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T.
- Van Herck Koen
- Van Lippevelde Wendy
- Van Minh Hoang
- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Vargas Luz Nayibe
- Varona-Pérez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vasques Daniel G.
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Verloigne Maïté
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Victora Cesar G.
- Viegi Giovanni
- Viet Lucie
- Vik Frøydis N.
- Vilar Monica
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vladulescu Mihaela
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vocanec Dorja
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
- Vrijheid Martine
- Vrijkotte Tanja G. M.
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Völzke Henry
- Wade Alisha N.
- Waldhör Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis O. A.
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Webster-Kerr Karen
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Westbury Leo D.
- Whincup Peter H.
- Wickramasinghe Kremlin
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wild Philipp S.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wirth James P.
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wolf Kathrin
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B.
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Hon-Yen
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszyńska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yngve Agneta
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilová Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zayed Ayman A.
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhecheva Yanitsa V.
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuziak Monika
- Ängquist Lars
- Čapková Naděžda
- Łuszczki Edyta
- Šalaj Sanja
- Ševčíková Ľudmila
- Żegleń Magdalena
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified