Co Treatment With Biologic Agents and Immunotherapy in the Setting of irAEs of Difficult Management

Adverse drugs reaction; Immune check-point inhibitors therapy; Immunosuppression therapyReacción adversa a medicamentos; Terapia con inhibidores del punto de control inmunitario; Terapia inmunosupresoraReaccions adverses als fàrmacs; Teràpia amb inhibidors del punt de control immune; Teràpia d'immunosupressióIn recent years, immunotherapy has become an important pillar of cancer treatment, with high response rates regardless of tumor histology or baseline mutations, sometime in patients without any alternative of treatment. Moreover, these treatments are moving from later line therapies to front-line therapies in the metastasic setting. However, immune activation associated with immune check-point inhibitors (ICI) is not selective and a large variety of immune-related adverse events, with an increasing frequency, have been associated with anti-PD1, anti-PD-1/L-1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents. In clinical trials, and sometimes also in real life practice, patients who develop severe toxicities on ICI-based therapies are usually not allowed to resume ICI once their disease progresses, because of the chance of developing severe irAEs on rechallenge with immunotherapies. Moreover, patients with irAEs suffer important side effects due to the high dose corticosteroids that are used to treat them. Therapy with ICI is sometimes the only alternative for certain patients, and for this reason co treatment with classic (DMARDS) or biologic immunosuppression therapy and ICI must be considered. Co-treatment with this type of immunosuppressant drugs, apart from allowing the maintenance of ICI therapy, drive to a lesser use of corticosteroids, with an improvement of the safety and quality of life of the patients. Such a tailored scheme of treatment is mostly an expert opinion based on recommendation and currently there is scarce evidence supporting it. Herein we present comprehensive, current recommendations and real-world data on the use of co-treatment with ICI and DMARDS and biologic immunosuppression

Repercusiones oftalmológicas de la infección COVID-19: Revisión sistemática

Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica publicada en los últimos cuatro años en relación a los efectos de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en las estructuras oculares y si esta infección produce o no manifestaciones oftalmológicas. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos Pubmed de los artículos disponibles desde 2019 hasta marzo de 2022 mediante el uso de los booleanos: “COVID-19 or coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2”, “eye or ocul* or ophthal*” y “manifestations”. Se seleccionaron estudios con un diseño transversal, prospectivo y retrospectivo que analizaran la aparición de manifestaciones oculares en personas infectadas por COVID-19 y la causalidad de dichos trastornos con la infección. Resultados: De un total de 438 estudios, la cifra se redujo a 40 artículos tras una selección adecuada de los artículos aplicando los filtros, booleanos y criterios de selección correspondientes. Sin embargo, en una valoración más exhaustiva de los criterios de selección expuestos, 24 fueron, finalmente, los estudios incluidos en el trabajo. En total, se analizaron 13.030 sujetos, de los cuales 1.021 presentaron manifestaciones oftalmológicas, suponiendo un 7,84% del total de sujetos. El síntoma ocular predominante fue la conjuntivitis. Además de las principales manifestaciones oftalmológicas producidas en pacientes con COVID-19, también se estudió si existía causalidad entre estas manifestaciones y la infección SARS-CoV-2, así como si la gravedad de la infección determinaba una mayor proporción de manifestaciones oftalmológicas o no. Por último, se diseñó una tabla comparativa que incluía las características de los estudios analizados (Tabla 4), valorando a su vez la calidad de los mismos mediante un score de calidad proporcionado en la metodología de Kmet y cols. (2004). Conclusiones: La infección por COVID-19 provoca manifestaciones oftalmológicas en un rango del 0% al 30% de los pacientes que la sufren, siendo la hiperemia conjuntival el síntoma predominante. Las manifestaciones oculares pueden aparecer como síntoma inicial de la infección SARS-CoV-2, si bien no es frecuente. La proporción de manifestaciones oftalmológicas es mayor en aquellas personas que presentan una infección por COVID-19 más grave. La afectación ocular es más leve en recién nacidos y no existe disparidad entre sexos. <br /

Mejora de la red inalámbrica de la UC para una plena integración con la iniciativa EduRoam

Wireless technologies are recently introduced in the Spanish universities and that action has supposed an improvement of the services offered to the users mainly, in the aspect of mobility: within the campus, and between different institutions. Since, the conventional protection techniques used with Wi-Fi networks, like Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) are obsolete, new solutions are needed in order to ensure the adequate network protection. This communication summarizes the ambitious project developed by the University of Cantabria in order to improve the security of the wireless network that exist in our University, and the adjust of those procedures to the pan-european EduRoam (Education Roaming) initiative. Being part of eduroam allow users visiting another institution connected to eduroam to log on to the WLAN using the same credentials (username and password) the user would use if he were at his home institution

Análisis y mejora de la red inalámbrica de la UC. Auditoria de seguridad e integración con la iniciativa EduRoam

Wireless technologies are recently introduced in the Spanish universities and these technologies have supposed an improvement of the services offered to the users mainly, in the aspect of mobility within the campus, and the mobility between different institutions. Since, the conventional protection techniques used with Wi-Fi networks [1], like Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) are obsolete, new solutions are needed in order to ensure the adequate network protection. This communication summarizes the ambitious project developed by the University of Cantabria in order to improve the security of the wireless network that exist in our University, and the adjust of those procedures to the paneuropean EduRoam (Education Roaming) initiative. Eduroam, is a RADIUS-based infrastructure that uses 802.1X security technology to allow for inter-institutional roaming. Being part of eduroam allows users visiting another institution connected to eduroam to log on to the WLAN using the same credentials (username and password) the user would use if he were at his home institution

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based consensus guidelines for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in high-risk populations, Spain, 2016

High-risk populations; Human papillomavirus infection; VaccinesPoblacions d'alt risc; Virus del papil·loma humà; VacunesPoblaciones de alto riesgo; Virus del papiloma humano; VacunasINTRODUCTION: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) routine vaccination programmes have been implemented around the world and recommendations have been expanded to include other high-risk individuals, current recommendations often differ between countries in Europe, as well as worldwide. AIM: To find and summarise the best available evidence of HPV vaccination in high-risk patients aiding clinicians and public health workers in the day-to-day vaccine decisions relating to HPV in Spain. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy/effectiveness of HPV vaccination in high-risk populations between January 2006 and June 2016. HPV vaccination recommendations were established with levels of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS: A strong recommendation about HPV vaccination was made in the following groups: HIV infected patients aged 9-26 years; men who have sex with men aged 9-26 years; women with precancerous cervical lesions; patients with congenital bone marrow failure syndrome; women who have received a solid organ transplant or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation aged 9-26 years; and patients diagnosed with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Data concerning non-routine HPV vaccination in populations with a high risk of HPV infection and associated lesions were scarce. We have developed a document to evaluate and establish evidence-based guidelines on HPV vaccination in high-risk populations in Spain, based on best available scientific evidence

Novel Antagonist of the Type 2 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor (LPA2), UCM-14216, Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) irreversibly disrupt spinal connectivity, leading to permanent neurological disabilities. Current medical treatments for reducing the secondary damage that follows the initial injury are limited to surgical decompression and anti-inflammatory drugs, so there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. Inhibition of the type 2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA2) has recently emerged as a new potential pharmacological approach to decrease SCIassociated damage. Toward validating this receptor as a target in SCI, we have developed a new series of LPA2 antagonists, among which compound 54 (UCM14216) stands out as a potent and selective LPA2 receptor antagonist (Emax = 90%, IC50 = 1.9 μM, KD = 1.3 nM; inactive at LPA1,3−6 receptors). This compound shows efficacy in an in vivo mouse model of SCI in an LPA2-dependent manner, confirming the potential of LPA2 inhibition for providing a new alternative for treating SCI

FLK West (Lower Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania): a new early Acheulean site with evidence for human exploitation of fauna

This paper presents a detailed taphonomic study of the faunal assemblage from FLK West (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania), a site with an Acheulean component that dates to 1.7 Ma. The faunal sample analysed here is distributed in different archaeological levels and is associated with a significant lithic accumulation including several large format tools and handaxes. The fauna indicates the proliferation of open environments similar to those found in other Bed II and late Bed I sites. Evidence of anthropogenic activity (e.g. defleshing activities and marrow consumption) has been identified in the form of cut and percussion marks. A photogrammetric and morphometric analysis suggests that these marks were produced with quartzite flakes and not with handaxes. Evidence of interaction with carnivores was also noted; tooth marks were observed on some bones. Such interaction indicates the existence of competition between humans and carnivores for the same ecological niche, and might lead us to reflect on the survival strategies of Lower Pleistocene hominins

Programa SALUD 5-10: Programa para el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños de 5 a 10 años: Antecedentes, Diseño y Metodología

Obesity is a particularly expensive and costly in economic and social terms disease for both people who suffer as public health institutions. Therefore, in recent decades, various international and national organizations have shown great concern for its implications, going to be treated as a real social problem. According to the World Health Organization, Spain is one of the EU countries with the highest prevalence of overweight children as recorded by 33% in the population between 5 and 17 years, whereas in Europe one in four children has overweight or obese. Furthermore, Spain is one of the countries where this disease has grown (in the eighties the prevalence was 15%).&nbsp;Several systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of intervention programs based on increasing physical activity and dietary control of overweight and / or obesity in children and adolescents highlight the need to design specific programs for schoolchildren, and to assess objectively the effectiveness of such long-term programs in children and adolescents are overweight or obese.&nbsp;The aim of this paper is to describe the design and methodology used in 5-10 Health Program, a program that has been designed with the objective of addressing overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in the age group between 5-10 years.La obesidad es una enfermedad especialmente cara y costosa en términos económicos y sociales tanto para las personas que la padecen como para las instituciones públicas sanitarias. Por ello, en las últimas décadas distintas organizaciones internacionales y nacionales han mostrado una enorme preocupación por sus implicaciones, pasando a ser tratado como un verdadero problema social. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, España es uno de los países de la Unión Europea con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso infantil, ya que registra un 33% en la población entre 5 y 17 años, mientras que en Europa uno de cada cuatro niños tiene sobrepeso o es obeso. Además, España es uno de los países donde más ha crecido esta enfermedad (en la década de los ochenta la prevalencia era de un 15%). Diversas revisiones sistemáticas que evalúan la efectividad de los programas de intervención basados en el aumento de la actividad física y el control dietético sobre el sobrepeso y/u obesidad en población infantil y adolescente resaltan la necesidad de diseñar programas específicos para los escolares, así como valorar objetivamente la eficacia de dichos programas a largo plazo en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir el diseño y metodología utilizada en el Programa SALUD 5-10, un programa que ha sido diseñado con el objetivo de abordar el sobrepeso y la obesidad en escolares de una franja de edad entre 5 a 10 años

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer Book 2018

(Abridged) This is the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer 2018 book. It is intended as a concise reference guide to all aspects of the scientific and technical design of MSE, for the international astronomy and engineering communities, and related agencies. The current version is a status report of MSE's science goals and their practical implementation, following the System Conceptual Design Review, held in January 2018. MSE is a planned 10-m class, wide-field, optical and near-infrared facility, designed to enable transformative science, while filling a critical missing gap in the emerging international network of large-scale astronomical facilities. MSE is completely dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy of samples of between thousands and millions of astrophysical objects. It will lead the world in this arena, due to its unique design capabilities: it will boast a large (11.25 m) aperture and wide (1.52 sq. degree) field of view; it will have the capabilities to observe at a wide range of spectral resolutions, from R2500 to R40,000, with massive multiplexing (4332 spectra per exposure, with all spectral resolutions available at all times), and an on-target observing efficiency of more than 80%. MSE will unveil the composition and dynamics of the faint Universe and is designed to excel at precision studies of faint astrophysical phenomena. It will also provide critical follow-up for multi-wavelength imaging surveys, such as those of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Gaia, Euclid, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometre Array, and the Next Generation Very Large Array.Comment: 5 chapters, 160 pages, 107 figure