Dried rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) dreg: an alternative litter material in broiler production

The present study was carried out to determine the effects of using dried rose dreg (DRD) as an alternative litter material for broiler performance and microbiological characteristics of litter. A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks was raised on pine wood shavings (PS), DRD and PS+DRD until 42 days. The effects of litter material on broiler performance and FCR did not differ. At 42 days the effects of DRD on microbiological characteristics differed statistically from the other treatments. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), Enterococci, Enterobactericeae and Staphylococcus aureus counts were decreased in the DRD group at 42 days. These results indicate that DRD can be used as an alternative litter material to control microbial characteristics without a negative effect on broiler performance. Key Words: Broiler, Dried rose dreg, Litter, Performance SA Jnl Animal Sci Vol.34(2) 2004: 75-7

Company Performance Measurement by Sample Budget Application

Today, the competitive environment of the trade companies, the gaining of the economic scale of the firms and the deepening of the globalization in economic sphere have made the future more ambiguous for trade companies. This complex environment has led companies facing profit to face serious risks on the other hand. In Turkey, we can often refer to a structure that is severely depressed by family businesses. Most of these companies are not institutionalized, especially in the small to medium-sized ones. The concept of institutionalization is often perceived as the execution of jobs by professionals. In this regard, however, the company's board of directors is reluctant to transfer authority and does not transfer its authorities to professionals. It is not possible for institutionalization to take place in this form of a profound structure. As a result, it is unfortunate that these firms deserve concepts such as future planning, strategic planning, financial planning and budgeting. Implementing business budgets, a tool that helps strategic planning and the company achieve its future goals, has a vital proposition in terms of businesses. Because if you do not have a goal, it is unclear where you will be in the future. As a result, in this paper it is expected that more than one sample budget to be prepared in different scenarios will contribute to the evaluation of firm performance

Efecto antimicrobiano de los aceites de comino negro turco

A series of five different oils from Turkish black cumin ( Nigella sativa ) used in foods mainly for their flavour, preservation and natural therapies were screened for their antibacterial effects at 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 2.0 % concentrations using the agar diffusion method against twenty four pathogenic, spoilage and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). All tested oils showed antibacterial activity against all the bacteria used in the assay. The oils at 2.0 % concentration were more effective than of the other concentrations. The most sensitive bacterium against all of the oil concentrations was Aeromonas hydrophila, while the most resistant was Yersinia enterocolitica. Generally, lactic acid bacteria had more resistance than pathogenic and spoilage bacteria against black cumin oils. Consequently, black cumin oil may be used as an antimicrobial agent in food products to prevent spoilage.Se ensayaron un total de cinco aceites diferentes de comino negro turco ( Nigella sativa L.), que se utilizan habitualmente en alimentos para darles sabor, ayudar a la conservación o por sus efectos terapéuticos, para estudiar sus propiedades antimicrobianas a concentraciones de 0.5 %, 1.0 %, y 2 %. Para ello se utilizó el método de difusión en agar, frente a veinticuatro microorganismos patógenos, causantes de alteraciones o bacterias ácido lácticas (LAB). Todos los aceites ensayados mostraron actividad antimicrobiana contra todos los microorganismos ensayados, siendo las concentraciones del 2 % las concentraciones más eficaces. Aeromonas hydrophyla fue el microorganismo mas sensible a todas las concentraciones mientras que Yersinia enterocolitica fue la más resistente. Generalmente las bacterias acido lácticas tuvieron más resistencia que los gérmenes patógenos y las bacterias que causan alteraciones. En consecuencia, el aceite de comino negro turco se puede utilizar como agente antimicrobiano en productos alimenticios para evitar su alteración

Natural food colorants and bioactive extracts from some edible flowers

Consumers’ interest in natural coloring has also been growing in parallel with their consciousness of food-health relationship. Anthocyanin based colorings bear antioxidative features renders this group of colorings more attractive. In this research, heat stabilizations and some bioactive properties of anthocyanin-based extracts (ABE) obtained from corn poppy, tulip, rose and roselle, were determined. While the greatest amount of phenolic substance is determined in the tulip (113.76 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1 dry extract), the greatest amount of anthocyanin is in the corn poppy (405.22 mg cy-3-glucoside g-1 dry extract). Of the extracts, the corn poppy, with a level 55.85 μg mL-1, has been determined to have the highest antiradical capacity, and the tulip, with a level of 63.44 mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) g-1 dry extract has been determined to have the highest antioxidant activity. While there has been no antimicrobial effect of corn poppy extract observed on any microorganism, roselle extracts have been found to display high antimicrobial activity. Heat stability of ABEs were investigated in buffer solution pH 3.5. The flowers have high bioactive properties. There are studies planned on the use as coloring in various nutrients of the flower extracts with high bioactivity

BUDGETARY TRANSPARENCY, E-GOVERNMENT AND CORRUPTION: NEW EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA APPROACH

The effect of transparency indicators on corruption such as budget transparency, e-government, and regulation quality has received considerable attention in recent years. This paper gives some new evidence on this issue using an indicator of open budget index, e-government index and, regulatory quality as transparency indicators. From this perspective, this paper estimates the impact of regulatory quality, e-government index and, open budget index on corruption using unbalanced panel data analysis for selected 48 countries over the period of 2004 to 2015. The results of the analysis reveal that regulatory quality, budget transparency, and e-government indexes have positive and statistically significant effect on corruption

Preživljavanje bakterije Listeria monocytogenes u Ayranu, tradicionalnom turskom fermentiranom napitku

Ayran is a traditional fermented dairy product produced by mixing milk or yoghurt, water and salt. In this study, survival of Listeria monocytogenes 1/2b was investigated in Ayran samples. For that purpose, Ayran samples produced from yoghurt (Group A and B) or directly form milk (Group C and D) were contaminated with 1 % concentration of 7 (A1, B1, C1 and D1 samples) or 5 (A2, B2, C2 and D2 samples) log cfu/mL of L. monocytogenes. So, eight different samples of Ayran were produced and stored at 4 ºC (Group A and C) or 20 ºC (Group B and D) for 21 days. According to the obtained results, there was no significant change in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes 1/2b in samples A1, A2, C1 and C2 after 21 days of the storage period. However, L. monocytogenes 1/2b cells of B1 and B2 samples were completely inhibited after 5 days of storage at 20 ºC. Similarly to that, L. monocytogenes 1/2b cells in samples D1 and D2 were also completely inhibited after 3 days of the storage. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus viable cell counts were between 103-107 cfu/mL in all of the samples. Consequently, Ayran contaminated with L. monocytogenes may contribute to a risk for public health. But, due to low pH of approximately ≤3.90, Ayran is relatively safe from the risk of L. monocytogenes.Ayran je tradicionalni fermentirani mliječni proizvod koji se dobiva miješanjem mlijeka ili jogurta, te vode i soli. U ovom je istraživanju ispitivano preživljavanje soja Listeria monocytogenes 1/2b u uzorcima Ayrana. U tu su svrhu proizvedeni uzorci Ayrana iz jogurta (skupina A i B) ili izravno iz mlijeka (skupina C i D) te kontaminirani dodatkom 1 % kulture soja L. monocytogenes 1/2b u koncentraciji 7 (uzorci A1, B1, C1 i D1) ili 5 (uzorci A2, B2, C2 i D2) log cfu/mL. Time je proizvedeno ukupno 8 različitih uzoraka Ayrana koji su čuvani 21 dan na 4 °C (skupina A i C) odnosno na 20 °C (skupina B i D). Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da u uzorcima A1, A2, C1 i C2 broj živih stanica soja L. monocytogenes 1/2b nije bio promijenjen na završetku skladištenja. Međutim, stanice L. monocytogenes u uzorcima B1 i B2 bile su potpuno inhibirane na kraju petog dana skladištenja na 20 °C. Slično tomu, u uzorcima D1 i D2 su stanice dodane kulture soja L. monocytogenes 1/2b također bile inhibirane nakon tri dana skladištenja. Pritom je broj živih stanica jogurtne kulture sastavljene od vrsta Streptococcus thermophilus i Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus u svim uzorcima bio između 103-107 cfu/mL. Prema tome, Ayran kontaminiran bakterijom L. monocytogenes može uzrokovati rizik za zdravlje potrošača. Međutim, zbog relativno niskog pH koji se kreće ispod 3,90, Ayran je relativno siguran proizvod kad se radi o prisustvu bakterijske vrste L. monocytogenes

A design decision support system model for the wet space renovation of elderly people's residences

This paper discusses the problems that need to be considered when elderly people renovate their houses, and particularly the wet spaces, because they do not fulfil the needs and the requirements of the elderly for aging in place. Therefore field research was conducted in order to identify the variables that are influencing the renovation decisions of Turkish elderly people. Based upon the findings, a comparison of the results of the empirical study with the proposed solutions of design guide books is made. The collected data are used to develop Design Decision Support System (DDSS) model for the wet space renovation of the residences used by Turkish Elderly

Long-Term Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in the Megacity of Istanbul for the Development of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change

Istanbul, as one of the four anchor megacities of Europe, has shown a rise of 0.94°C in average annual temperature over the long period of 1912–2016 under impacts of anthropogenic climate change. A notable increase in temperatures has started after the 1940s, which is in parallel with the beginning of industrialization era in Istanbul. This warming is associated with an extensive population growth and accompanied the decrease in vegetation cover. Increasing in minimum series of temperature is more evident than maximum values and the rising rate of temperature values has been more pronounced during recent decades. The first significant upward trend in precipitation series has periodically started in 1920s, while there has been a stable trend from 2001 till today. The daily average of rainfall amount increased with a mean value of 58 mm during the total study period. Rising rate of daily maximum precipitation has been more evident in the last 3 decades, which is shown by the increased frequency of heavy rainfall. In this regard, both of the temperature and precipitation series had higher mean values (13.9°C and 878 mm) for the final period (1965–2016) compared to the mean values (13.6°C and 799 mm) belonging to the first period (1912–1964)