Evaluative utterances in Zygmunt Ziembiński’s theory of law

The study focuses on the methodological views of Zygmunt Ziembiński, against the background of the axiological issues addressed in his scientific investigations. In this respect, the author distinguishes three development periods in Ziembiński’s work; the first was dominated by a psychologist and empiricist approach to axiology, whereas the onset of the second was marked by a semiotic-pragmatic turn. In both periods, the essence and properties of evaluative utterances became the chief object of inquiry. In the last phase of his work, however, Ziembiński devoted himself to the study of the values manifesting in law, writing chiefly about justice and the constitution.The study focuses on the methodological views of Zygmunt Ziembiński, against the background of the axiological issues addressed in his scientific investigations. In this respect, the author distinguishes three development periods in Ziembiński’s work; the first was dominated by a psychologist and empiricist approach to axiology, whereas the onset of the second was marked by a semiotic-pragmatic turn. In both periods, the essence and properties of evaluative utterances became the chief object of inquiry. In the last phase of his work, however, Ziembiński devoted himself to the study of the values manifesting in law, writing chiefly about justice and the constitution

Relativistic slim disks with vertical structure

We report on a scheme for incorporating vertical radiative energy transport into a fully relativistic, Kerr-metric model of optically thick, advective, transonic alpha disks. Our code couples the radial and vertical equations of the accretion disk. The flux was computed in the diffusion approximation, and convection is included in the mixing-length approximation. We present the detailed structure of this "two-dimensional" slim-disk model for alpha=0.01. We then calculated the emergent spectra integrated over the disk surface. The values of surface density, radial velocity, and the photospheric height for these models differ by 20%-30% from those obtained in the polytropic, height-averaged slim disk model considered previously. However, the emission profiles and the resulting spectra are quite similar for both types of models. The effective optical depth of the slim disk becomes lower than unity for high values of the alpha parameter and for high accretion rates.Comment: 15 pages, 18 figures (2 new), A&A in pres

Reduced nonlinear description of Farley-Buneman instability

In the study on nonlinear wave-wave processes in an ionosphere and a magnetosphere usually the main attention is paid to investigation of plasma turbulence at well developed stage, when the wide spectrum of plasma wave is present. On the other side, it is well known that even if the number of cooperating waves remains small due to a competition of processes of their instability and attenuation, the turbulence appears in the result of their stochastic behavior. The regimes of nonlinear dynamics of low frequency waves excited due to Farley-Buneman instability in weakly ionized and inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma in the presence of electric current perpendicular to ambient magnetic field are considered. The problem is essentially three dimensional and difficult for full numerical simulation, but the strong collisional damping of waves allow to assume that in this case a perturbed state of plasma can be described as finite set of interacting waves, some of which are unstable and other strongly damping. The proposed nonlinear model allow to make full study of nonlinear stabilization, conditions of stochasticity and to consider the different regimes and properties of few mode plasma turbulence.Comment: The extended version of work, published in AIP Conf. Proc. 993, 113 (2008

Obowiązek i wartość w fenomenologii prawa (prace Edmunda Husserla)

Basing upon the two fundamental works of Edmund Husserl (Logische Untersuchungen and Idee) the author presents Husserl’s concepts of obligation and value according to the phenomenological reduction and the theory of the constitution of objects. Within the context of reduction the conclusions are: as according to Husserl the substance of normative sentences in valuation, the problems of obligation may be reduced to problems of valuation. The sense (Sinn) proves to be fundamental, prior to the existence. If anything should come to being in the ontological meaning it must become a moment of intentional life of consciousness. That is why the object and value exist in the same way but are only different names of some units of sense. The difference becomes clearer on a ‘higher’ level when they are characterised as intentional objects and the intentional experience directed towards them. Contrary to objects we can be directed towards values in a perceptible way (erfassenseise). The experience of value is always a based act. These acts are analysed against the background of noesis and noema. On the stage of constitution of the world it appears however that the substance of morality may be cognised with a personalistic attitude.Opierając się na dwóch fundamentalnych pracach Edmunda Husserla (Logische Untersuchungen i Idee) autor przedstawia Husserlowskie koncepcje obowiązku i wartości według redukcji fenomenologicznej i teorii ukonstytuowania się przedmiotów. W kontekście redukcji wnioski są następujące: jak według Husserla istota zdań normatywnych w wycenie, problemy obowiązku można sprowadzić do problemów wyceny. Sens (Sinn) okazuje się fundamentalny przed istnieniem. Jeśli cokolwiek ma powstać w znaczeniu ontologicznym, musi stać się momentem zamierzonego życia świadomości. Dlatego przedmiot i wartość istnieją w ten sam sposób, ale są tylko różnymi nazwami niektórych jednostek zmysłu. Różnica staje się wyraźniejsza na „wyższym” poziomie, gdy są one scharakteryzowane jako celowe obiekty i celowe doświadczenie skierowane do nich. W przeciwieństwie do przedmiotów możemy być skierowani ku wartościom w sposób dostrzegalny (erfassenseise). Doświadczenie wartości jest zawsze aktem opartym na drodze. Akty te są analizowane na tle noesis i noema. Na scenie ukonstytuowania się świata wydaje się jednak, że istotę moralności nie można poznać poza postawą personalistyczną

Tożsamość kulturowa w wykładni i stosowaniu prawa administracyjnego

The objective of the paper is a rough sketch of the process of development of cultural identity inside of the Polish administrative law. Interpretation of the public law in the country which finished process of transformation after the collapse of communist regime has a lot of difficult moments. Uncertain scopes of constitutional meanings and gaps in the set of legal principles are neutralized by the tendency among lawyers to identify with European legal culture and its values. The author of the text is deeply convinced that there is a need for legal version of the cultural identity based on European values. The paper comprises the concept of such identity in so called narrative version and descriptions of the development of the identity in the Polish judicial application of administrative law.The objective of the paper is a rough sketch of the process of development of cultural identity inside of the Polish administrative law. Interpretation of the public law in the country which finished process of transformation after the collapse of communist regime has a lot of difficult moments. Uncertain scopes of constitutional meanings and gaps in the set of legal principles are neutralized by the tendency among lawyers to identify with European legal culture and its values. The author of the text is deeply convinced that there is a need for legal version of the cultural identity based on European values. The paper comprises the concept of such identity in so called narrative version and descriptions of the development of the identity in the Polish judicial application of administrative law

Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling : From Biphenols to Nanographenes

Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C−C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface‐assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents

Progress in plasma research at IPJ and IPPLM, Poland

The most important results of theoretical and experimental studies of plasmas, which have been achieved at the IPJ in Swierk and IPPLM in Warsaw recently, are presented. Studies of physical phenomena in PF discharges, development of diagnostic techniques and research on new plasma technologies, as performed at IPJ, have been summarized. Studies of dense magnetized plasmas, investigation of physics and applications of laser-produced plasmas; and research on the development of advanced diagnostic techniques for the EURATOM fusion program, as performed at IPPLM, are also described