Modeling of Magnetoelectric Microresonator Using Numerical Method and Simulated Annealing Algorithm

A comprehensive understanding of the linear/nonlinear dynamic behavior of wireless microresonators is essential for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) design optimization. This study investigates the dynamic behaviour of a magnetoelectric (ME) microresonator, using a finite element method (FEM) and machine learning algorithm. First, the linear/nonlinear behaviour of a fabricated thin-film ME microactuator is assessed in both the time domain and frequency spectrum. Next, a data driven system identification (DDSI) procedure and simulated annealing (SA) method are implemented to reconstruct differential equations from measured datasets. The Duffing equation is employed to replicate the dynamic behavior of the ME microactuator. The Duffing coefficients such as mass, stiffness, damping, force amplitude, and excitation frequency are considered as input parameters. Meanwhile, the microactuator displacement is taken as the output parameter, which is measured experimentally via a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) device. To determine the optimal range and step size for input parameters, the sensitivity analysis is conducted using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). The peak index matching (PIM) and correlation coefficient (CC) are considered assessment criteria for the objective function. The vibration measurements reveal that as excitation levels increase, hysteresis variations become more noticeable, which may result in a higher prediction error in the Duffing array model. The verification test indicates that the first bending mode reconstructs reasonably with a prediction accuracy of about 92 percent. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the simulated annealing approach is a promising tool for modeling the dynamic behavior of MEMS systems, making it a strong candidate for real-world applications

The Idea of Baloch Solidarity in Pakistan and its Impact on Iranian Baloch

This article examines different aspects of Pakistani Baloch nationalism and its impact on Iranian Baloch who inhabit in Sistan-Balochistan province. The importance of this issue in one hand, is based on deeply ideological, religious, ethnic and sometimes security developments in Iran's border areas, and on the other hand, in the east and southeast Iran, there is a country, that is Pakistan, in which fundamental, anti-Shia, ethnic, and ideological groups have existed. In the article, based on Emile Durkheim’s concept of mechanical solidarity, we intend to analyze the historical and social formation of Baloch in Pakistan and its impact on ethnic fragmentation in the eastern borders of Iran. The findings reveal that based on Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity, Pakistani Baloch has inspired Iranian Baloch ethnically and ideologically, and despite their varieties in terms of practical mechanism, Pakistani Baloch generally desire the formation of the Great Balochistan. Base on the aspiration, some groups are branched Baloch are inclined to military modus operandi so that they can the eastern areas of Shiite Iran and attract Baloch who live in Sistan-Baluchistan province. Based on this aspiration, some branches of the Baloch tribal elite even went to the military direction, while insecuring the Eastern regions of Iran, attract Baluchis living in Sistan and Baluchistan province

The structure of International system and Turkish politics against ISIS

The purpose of this paper is to examine the change in Turkish strategy against ISIS from "support" to "battling". In order to understand is used the approach of the "structure of the international system," which is a synthesis of "regional hegemonic structure" and "trans-regional repulse structure" to indicate why Turkey is carried out to the "big change". For this purpose, is used descriptive-analytical method and relied on documentary sources through library research. The findings show because of the limitations of the regional structure due to superiority of Kurds, the axis of resistance and Russia as the dominant forces on the one hand and Trans-regional systemic pressures due to discredit front of the US, EU and international institutions / world public opinion, on the other hand, turkey was forced to strategic turn in its policy against ISIS. So, this kind of revisionism comes from a tradition based on realistic in order to restore power and national security not from the revolutionary tradition based on real determination to fight terrorism

Comparison of the Effect of Education Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior with Routine Method on the Intention to Choose Method of Childbirth in Pregnant Women

Background: Childbirth is a completely natural event; however, when the life of the mother or child is in danger, a cesarean section is performed. Due to the lack of awareness of the complications of cesarean section, we are faced with an exponential increase in cesarean; therefore, this research aims to compare the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior with the routine method on the intention to choose the method of childbirth in women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: The present study was a field trial that was conducted on 76 pregnant women in 2022. People were selected by two-stage random cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control). Data were collected using a demographic and fertility questionnaire and a valid and reliable questionnaire related to the construct of the theory of planned behavior for both intervention and control groups in three stages, before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. The training program for the intervention group was given to people based on the theory of planned behavior in 6 sessions and the control group received routine training. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model statistical tests. Findings: In this study, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and fertility variables. The results of the GEE model showed that the average score of the variables of awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and behavioral intention immediately and one month after the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention by the theory of planned behavior has an effect on the choice of natural delivery method; therefore, it is recommended to use these trainings along with pregnancy care in order to reduce caesarean section

The effect of self-aromatherapy massage of the abdomen on the primary dysmenorrhoea

Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is the most common gynaecological complaint that occurs in women. This study was a randomised controlled trial. The subjects were 75 students whose severity of pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: massage group with rose oil (n = 25) who applied self-massage with Rose damascene; a placebo group (n = 25) who performed self-massage with unscented almond oil and a no treatment control group (n = 25) who applied just self-massage. All three groups received the intervention in the first day of menstruation in two subsequent cycles. The severity of pain was self-reported by the students before and after intervention. All three groups were matched in demographic characteristics. The baseline pain reduced in the first cycle but this reduction was not significant in the groups (p > 0.05). In the second cycle, the menstrual pain was significantly lower in the rose oil group than in the other two groups after intervention (between massage with rose oil, almond oil p = 0.003 and massage with rose oil and just massage p = 0.000). Massage with aromatherapy reduces the severity of primary dysmenorrhoea, in comparison with massage therapy alone. © 2015 Informa UK, Ltd

Emergence of Non-Serotype b Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae as a Cause of Pediatric Meningitis in Northwestern Ontario

Before the introduction of the conjugate vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children. Although successful in reducing Hib cases, the vaccine confers no protection against other serotypes of H influenzae, such as a (Hia), or f (Hif). The emergence of invasive disease caused by non-Hib in northwestern Ontario (38 cases between 2002 and 2008) with predominance of Hia was previously reported by the authors. At that time, no cases of pediatric meningitis caused by H influenzae were recorded in the region. Continued surveillance identified 12 new cases of invasive non-Hib between January 2009 and July 2011. Among these cases, three young children developed meningitis with severe complications caused by Hia or Hif. The present article describes these cases along with the characteristics of recent H influenzae isolates from the region, (ie, their genetic background and antibiotic sensitivity). The findings point to the clonal nature of circulating Hia strains as well as to an increase in frequency and severity of pediatric invasive H influenzae infections in northwestern Ontario.Peer Reviewe

A review of numerical analysis of friction stir welding

Friction stir welding is a relatively new solid-state joining technique which is widely adopted in different industry fields to join different metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. Friction stir welding is a highly complex process comprising several highly coupled physical phenomena. The complex geometry of some kinds of joints and their three dimensional nature make it difficult to develop an overall system of governing equations for theoretical analyzing the behavior of the friction stir welded joints. The experiments are often time consuming and costly. To overcome these problems, numerical analysis has frequently been used since the 2000s. This paper reviews the latest developments in the numerical analysis of friction stir welding processes, microstructures of friction stir welded joints and the properties of friction stir welded structures. Some important numerical issues such as materials flow modeling, meshing procedure and failure criteria are discussed. Numerical analysis of friction stir welding will allow many different welding processes to be simulated in order to understand the effects of changes in different system parameters before physical testing, which would be time-consuming or prohibitively expensive in practice. The main methods used in numerical analysis of friction stir welding are discussed and illustrated with brief case studies. In addition, several important key problems and issues remain to be addressed about the numerical analysis of friction stir welding and opportunities for further research are identified