Kartalla!-projekti : sanojen avulla parempaan arkeen

Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan Kartalla!-projektia, jonka tarkoituksena oli tarjota terapeuttista ja voimauttavaa sanataidetoimintaa keskisuomalaisille nuorille. Projektin kohderyhmässä oli sekä syrjäytymisvaarassa olevia että jo psykiatrisen hoidon piirissä olevia nuoria, mutta mukana oli myös ns. tavallisia, yläkouluikäisiä nuoria. Projektin tavoitteet olivat kuitenkin yhtä lailla sekä auttavassa että ennaltaehkäisevässä toiminnassa. Projektin toteuttamista varten koottiin moniammatillinen työryhmä, johon kuului kirjallisuusterapiaohjaajia, sanataideohjaajia, toimintaterapeutti sekä tarinateatteri-/psykodraamaohjaaja.Projektin pilottivaihe, johon opinnäytetyö keskittyy, kesti syksystä 2008 syksyyn 2009. Tänä aikana nuorten ryhmiä perustettiin Suomen Kulttuurirahaston Myrsky-hankkeen myöntämän rahoituksen kautta kuusi, joista viisi kuului opinnäytetyön tarkastelun piiriin. Ryhmille tarjottiin kerhotoiminnan tapaisesti sanataidetoimintaa, ja kevään ja kesän 2009 aikana kullakin ryhmällä oli pääsääntöisesti 10 tapaamiskertaa. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tarkastella projektin toimivuutta käytännön ja hallinnon tasolla sekä kerätä nuorten kokemuksia projektista. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin haastattelua ja kyselyä, joiden kohteina olivat ryhmissä käyneet nuoret, ohjaajat, projektikoordinaattori sekä eri yhteistyötahot, joiden kautta nuorten ryhmät muodostuivat. Kerätyn aineiston perusteella nuorten kokemukset projektista olivat pääosin positiivisia ja projektin jatkumista ja pidempää kestoa toivottiin. Työtavoissa ei myöskään ollut huomauttamista. Kuitenkin erityisesti ohjaajat kokivat projektin hallinnon ja koordinoinnin toimivuudessa olleen puutteita. Tiedotus ei ollut toiminut tehokkaimmalla mahdollisella tavalla ja muutenkin projektiin toivottiin selkeämpää rakennetta. Haasteellisena koettiin myös kohderyhmään kuuluvien nuorten tavoittaminen ja toimintaan innostaminen. Projektin voidaan kuitenkin sanoa ainakin osittain onnistuneen tavoitteessaan, sanojen antamisessa nuorille omien ongelmien ja ajatusten käsittelyyn.This thesis examines the Kartalla! -project. The purpose of the project was to offer young people in central Finland therapeutic and empowering activities through literary art. The target group of the project consisted of young people in danger of isolation and of young people already undergoing psychiatric treatment. So-called normal, middle-school aged people were also involved. The goals of the project were, however, concerned with both helping the young people as well as preventing isolation. A multi-vocational team was put together for carrying out the project. The team involved, for example, instructors of literary therapy and literary art, an occupational therapist and an instructor of playback theatre and psychodrama. The pilot phase of the project, which this thesis particularly concentrates on, lasted from the autumn of 2008 until the autumn of 2009. During this time, with the funding provided by the Myrsky-project of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, altogether six youth groups were established. Out of these, five were included under the observation of this thesis. The groups were offered literary art activities in the manner of clubs. During the spring and the summer of 2009 each group met in general ten times. The purpose of the thesis was to examine how the project functioned on the practical and the administrative level. It also gathered the young people's opinions on the project. Interviews and questionnaires were used as the research method. The targets of these were the young people that attended the groups, the instructors, the project coordinator and the different partnerships through which the groups of young people were formed. According to the gathered data, the experiences the young people had of the project were primarily positive. Continuation and a longer duration of the project were wished for. Moreover, there was no criticism towards the approaches to work. However, especially the instructors felt that there were lacks in the functionality of the project. Information had not worked as efficiently as possible, and there was a need for a clearer structure of the project. Reaching and motivating the targeted groups of young people was also seen as a challenge. However, in giving the young people the words to deal their own problems and thoughts with, it can be stated that the project at least partially succeeded in meeting its goals

Arranjo de plantas em trigo: atualização visando aumento no rendimento de grãos.

Orientador: João Leonardo Fernandes Pires

Status of the Standard Solar Model Prediction of Solar Neutrino Fluxes

The Standard Solar Model (BP04) predicts a total 8B neutrino flux that is 17.2% larger than measured in the salt phase of the SNO detector (and if it were significant it will indicate oscillation to sterile neutrinos). Hence it is important to examine in details uncertainties (and values) of inputs to the SSM. Currently, the largest fractional uncertainty is due to the new evaluation of the surface composition of the sun. We examine the nuclear input on the formation of solar 8B [S17(0)] and demonstrate that it is still quite uncertain due to ill known slope of the measured astrophysical cross section factor and thus ill defined extrapolation to zero energy. This yields an additional reasonably estimated uncertainty due to extrapolation of +0.0 -3.0 eV-b (+0% -14%). Since a large discrepancy exists among measured as well as among predicted slopes, the value of S17(0) is dependent on the choice of data and theory used to extrapolate S17(0). This situation must be alleviated by new measurement(s). The "world average" is driven by the Seattle result due to the very small quoted uncertainty, which we however demonstrate it to be an over-estimated accuracy. We propose more realistic error bars for the Seattle results based on the published Seattle data.Comment: Fifth International Conferenceon Non-Accelerator New Physics, Dubna, June 20-25, 2005. Work Supported by USDOE Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER4087

Fusion rate enhancement due to energy spread of colliding nuclei

Experimental results for sub-barrier nuclear fusion reactions show cross section enhancements with respect to bare nuclei which are generally larger than those expected according to electron screening calculations. We point out that energy spread of target or projectile nuclei is a mechanism which generally provides fusion enhancement. We present a general formula for calculating the enhancement factor and we provide quantitative estimate for effects due to thermal motion, vibrations inside atomic, molecular or crystal system, and due to finite beam energy width. All these effects are marginal at the energies which are presently measurable, however they have to be considered in future experiments at still lower energies. This study allows to exclude several effects as possible explanation of the observed anomalous fusion enhancements, which remain a mistery.Comment: 17 pages with 3 ps figure included. Revtex styl

The contribution of hormone sensitive lipase to adipose tissue lipolysis and its regulation by insulin in periparturient dairy cows

Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activation is part of the metabolic adaptations to the negative energy balance common to the mammalian periparturient period. This study determined HSL contribution to adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis and how insulin regulates its activity in periparturient dairy cows. Subcutaneous AT (SCAT) samples were collected at 11 d prepartum (dry) and 11 (fresh) and 24 d (lactation) postpartum. Basal and stimulated lipolysis (ISO) responses were determined using explant cultures. HSL contribution to lipolysis was assessed using an HSL inhibitor (CAY). Basal lipolysis was higher in SCAT at dry compared with fresh. CAY inhibited basal lipolysis negligibly at dry, but at fresh and lactation it reduced basal lipolysis by 36.1 +/- 4.51% and 43.1 +/- 4.83%, respectively. Insulin inhibited lipolysis more pronouncedly in dry compared to fresh. Results demonstrate that HSL contribution to basal lipolysis is negligible prepartum. However, HSL is a major driver of SCAT lipolytic responses postpartum. Lower basal lipolysis postpartum suggests that reduced lipogenesis is an important contributor to fatty acid release from SCAT. Loss of adipocyte sensitivity to the antilipolytic action of insulin develops in the early lactation period and supports a state of insulin resistance in AT of cows during the first month postpartum

Eficiência de interceptação e coeficiente de extinção da radiação solar fotossinteticamente ativa pelo trigo.

Editores técnicos: Joseani Mesquita Antunes, Ana Lídia Variani Bonato, Márcia Barrocas Moreira Pimentel

Feasibility of low energy radiative capture experiments at the LUNA underground accelerator facility

The LUNA (Laboratory Underground for Nuclear Astrophysics) facility has been designed to study nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest. It is located deep underground in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Italy. Two electrostatic accelerators, with 50 and 400 kV maximum voltage, in combination with solid and gas target setups allowed to measure the total cross sections of the radiative capture reactions $^2$H(p,$\gamma$)3He and $^{14}$N(p,$\gamma$)$^{15}$O within their relevant Gamow peaks. We report on the gamma background in the Gran Sasso laboratory measured by germanium and bismuth germanate detectors, with and without an incident proton beam. A method to localize the sources of beam induced background using the Doppler shift of emitted gamma rays is presented. The feasibility of radiative capture studies at energies of astrophysical interest is discussed for several experimental scenarios.Comment: Submitted to Eur. Phys. J.