Ein Testmustergenerator unter 16-wertiger Logik mit variabler Fehlermodellierung

Die Mikroelektronik hält zunehmend Einzug in Bereiche unseres täglichen Lebens. Die Abhängigkeit des Menschen von der Technik wächst ständig, und damit kommt der Frage nach deren Zuverlässigkeit eine steigende Bedeutung zu. Diese Frage nach der Zuverlässigkeit stellt sich insbesondere bei der Fertigung hochintegrierter Schaltkreise. Leider ist die Chipfertigung, sich immer an der Grenze des technisch machbaren bewegend, sehr fehleranfällig. Defektraten von über 40% sind im VLSI Bereich keine Seltenheit. Man benötigt darum unbedingt leistungsfähige Verfahren, die gefertigte Chips auf ihre Korrektheit überprüfen, sie also testen. Welche Bedeutung der Fertigungstest in der Chipfertigung einnimmt, zeigt eine Schätzung von Milne [Mil85], nach der heute mehr als 25% der Produktkosten im VLSI Bereich auf den Testvorgang entfallen

Achieve complete robust path delay fault testability

Recently, Pomeranz and Reddy [7], presented a test point insertion method to improve path delay fault testability in large combinational circuits. A test application scheme was developed that allows test points to be utilized as primary inputs and primary outputs during testing. The placement of test points was guided by the number of paths and was aimed at reducing this number. Indirectly, this approach achieved complete robust path delay fault testability in very low computation times. In this paper, we use their test application scheme, however, we use morre exact measures for guiding test point insertion like test generation and RD fault identification. Thus, we reduce the number of test point needed to achieve complete testability by ensuring that test points are inserted only on paths associated with path delay faults that are necessary to be tested and that are not robustly testable. Experimental results show that an average reduction of about 70% in the number of test points over the approach of [7] can be obtained.

An Investigation Of The Flexural Vibration Behavior Of Slender Rotors In Drum-Type Condensing Turbines

LecturePg. 71-86.With turbine rotors of low shaft elasticity (large diameter and small bearing span) the increase in amplitude at the first point of shaft resonance in the speed range is generally slight. Consequently no particular attention is paid to this point of resonance either at the rotor design stage or during operation of the turbine. However, if a two-cylinder condensing turbine has to be replaced by a single-cylinder machine of similar high efficiency, it is necessary to have a drum-type rotor of large bearing span and small diameter in the region of the first drum stages, and large diameter in the region of the low-pressure stages. This type of rotor has a markedly higher shaft elasticity compared with the rotors of the two-cylinder machine. A rotor of this type was recently built and put into service. This paper describes the rotor and gives its calculated dynamic characteristics. Since operation in the vicinity of the first resonant speed is of greatest interest the paper describes the test results for the properly balanced condition, and for the artificially heavily unbalanced condition. The shaft vibration values measured during the test-run are compared with the assessment criteria for rotor dynamic performance used at present. In order to obtain valid theoretical statements for even more slender rotors, the shaft elasticity was systematically increased in theoretical calculations (by increasing the bearing span). The effects of the shaft elasticity on the magnitude of the resonant speeds, the maximum vibration amplitudes and the stability limit (oil whip) are described. In its original form, the drum-type rotor studied here has only one output shaft coupling. For even higher turbine powers, however, heavy couplings on both shaft ends are necessary. In order to examine the dynamic behavior of these rotors, the original rotor was fitted with an extra mass at the usually free shaft-end to simulate a second coupling. For this rotor, the same calculations and measurements were carried out in the overspeed testing pit as were for the original rotor. The results are given and discussed. A further point examined with this rotor is whether there is a linear relationship between the dynamic bearing force and the magnitude of the unbalance

Körperorientierte Ansätze für die Sexuelle Bildung junger Frauen : Eine interdisziplinäre Einführung

Junge Frauen stehen mit ihrem Körpergefühl und sexuellem Erleben im Spannungsfeld individuell biografischer Erfahrungen und gesellschaftlicher Ideale. Sie besitzen in der heutigen Zeit ein ausgeprägtes Körperbewusstsein, doch statt körperlichen Wohlbefindens stehen oft kritische Selbstbewertung und Kontrolle im Vordergrund. Körperorientierte Methoden stärken über sinnlich-konkrete Selbsterfahrung die Körperwahrnehmung und erweitern sexuelle Fähigkeiten und Potenziale. Julia Sparmann verbindet erprobte Methoden aus Körperpsychotherapien, dem sexualtherapeutischen Ansatz Sexocorporel und Tantra zu einem Konzept körperorientierter Herangehensweisen für die Sexuelle Bildung. Ressourcenorientiert werden die Hintergründe der Ansätze reflektiert und im Sinne einer emanzipatorischen Sexuellen Bildung modifiziert. Es wird deutlich, dass die Vermittlung der komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen Atem, Muskeltonus und Bewegung sowie die Betonung eines achtsamen Körperzugangs dabei eine große Bereicherung darstellen.Body-oriented Approaches to the Sexual Education of Young Women: An Interdisciplinary Introduction: Young women’s body feelings and sexual feelings evolve in a tension between their individual biographical experiences and the ideals of society. While in the present time young women have a high body consciousness, they often prioritize critical self-assessment and control over their own physical well-being. Body-oriented methods help reinforce body awareness and extend sexual competences and potentials through sensually concrete self-awareness. Combining proven methods from body psychotherapy, the sex-therapeutic approach of »Sexocorporel«, and tantra, this book presents a concept for body-oriented approaches to sexual education. Oriented to existing resources, it reflects on the philosophical backgrounds of the different approaches and modifies them in terms of an emancipatory sexual education, conveying an enriching understanding of the complex interrelationships between breathing, muscle tone and movement and emphasizing a mindful approach to the body

Commentary on an article by C.-E. Thelu et al.: “Poor results of the OptetrakTM cemented posterior stabilized knee prosthesis after a mean 25-month follow-up: Analysis of 110 prostheses”

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_harrison/4099/thumbnail.jp

Notch signaling from tumor cells: a new mechanism of angiogenesis.

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway and plays key roles in embryonic vascular development and angiogenesis. Multiple components of the Notch pathway are expressed in vasculature, and mice deficient for a variety of these components display embryonic lethality with vascular remodeling defects. Alteration of Notch signaling in various endothelial cells generates profound effects on angiogenesis in vitro. New evidence shows that Notch signaling from tumor cells is able to activate endothelial cells and trigger tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in a xenograft mouse tumor model. Selective interruption of Notch signaling within tumors may provide an antiangiogenic strategy

A realistic two-lane traffic model for highway traffic

A two-lane extension of a recently proposed cellular automaton model for traffic flow is discussed. The analysis focuses on the reproduction of the lane usage inversion and the density dependence of the number of lane changes. It is shown that the single-lane dynamics can be extended to the two-lane case without changing the basic properties of the model which are known to be in good agreement with empirical single-vehicle data. Therefore it is possible to reproduce various empirically observed two-lane phenomena, like the synchronization of the lanes, without fine-tuning of the model parameters

Microbial associates of the elm leaf beetle: uncovering the absence of resident bacteria and the influence of fungi on insect performance

Microbial symbionts play crucial roles in the biology of many insects. While bacteria have been the primary focus of research on insect-microbe symbiosis, recent studies suggest that fungal symbionts may be just as important. The elm leaf beetle (ELB, Xanthogaleruca luteola) is a serious pest species of field elm (Ulmus minor). Using culture-dependent and independent methods, we investigated the abundance and species richness of bacteria and fungi throughout various ELB life stages and generations, while concurrently analyzing microbial communities on elm leaves. No persistent bacterial community was found to be associated with the ELB or elm leaves. By contrast, fungi were persistently present in the beetle’s feeding life stages and on elm leaves. Fungal community sequencing revealed a predominance of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus in insects and on leaves. Culture-dependent surveys showed a high prevalence of two fungal colony morphotypes closely related to Penicillium lanosocoeruleum and Aspergillus flavus. Among these, the Penicillium morphotype was significantly more abundant on feeding-damaged compared with intact leaves, suggesting that the fungus thrives in the presence of the ELB. We assessed whether the detected prevalent fungal morphotypes influenced ELB’s performance by rearing insects on (i) surface-sterilized leaves, (ii) leaves inoculated with Penicillium spores, and (iii) leaves inoculated with Aspergillus spores. Insects feeding on Penicillium-inoculated leaves gained more biomass and tended to lay larger egg clutches than those consuming surface-sterilized leaves or Aspergillus-inoculated leaves. Our results demonstrate that the ELB does not harbor resident bacteria and that it might benefit from associating with Penicillium fungi