Tropical Fruit Pulps: Processing, Product Standardization and Main Control Parameters for Quality Assurance

ABSTRACT Fruit pulp is the most basic food product obtained from fresh fruit processing. Fruit pulps can be cold stored for long periods of time, but they also can be used to fabricate juices, ice creams, sweets, jellies and yogurts. The exploitation of tropical fruits has leveraged the entire Brazilian fruit pulp sector due mainly to the high acceptance of their organoleptic properties and remarkable nutritional facts. However, several works published in the last decades have pointed out unfavorable conditions regarding the consumption of tropical fruit pulps. This negative scenario has been associated with unsatisfactory physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of fruits pulps as outcomes of little knowledge and improper management within the fruit pulp industry. There are protocols for delineating specific identity and quality standards (IQSs) and standardized good manufacturing practices (GMP) for fruit pulps, which also embrace standard operating procedures (SOPs) and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), although this latter is not considered mandatory by the Brazilian legislation. Unfortunately, the lack of skilled labor, along with failures in complying established protocols have impaired quality of fruit pulps. It has been necessary to collect all information available with the aim to identify the most important hazards within fruit pulp processing lines. Standardizing methods and practices within the Brazilian fruit pulp industry would assurance high quality status to tropical fruit pulps and the commercial growth of this vegetal product towards international markets

Technical Report: Gingival Vein Punction: A New Simple Technique for Drug Administration or Blood Sampling in Rats and Mice

Blood collection or intravenous injection of substances in rats and mice are necessary for a wide variety of scientific studies. To date, several methods have been developed to access different vessels, according to the different research purpose. However, animal behavioural responses like stress, pain or traumatic injury during some procedures may influence subsequent results. In this technical report we demonstrate the advantages of using the labialis mandibularis vein route that, in addition, seems to prevent unnecessary animal suffering

A (IM)POSSIBILIDADE DE PREFIXAÇÃO DA INDENIZAÇÃO POR DANOS OCORRIDOS NO ÂMBITO DAS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES

Objetivo: o presente trabalho tem como proposta problemática a análise da possibilidade ou não da prefixação de indenização por danos ocorridos nas relações decorrentes da união estável ou do matrimônio. A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a contratualização dos interesses familiares e, por consequência, da responsabilidade civil contratual nessa seara.Metodologia: a pesquisa é predominantemente bibliográfica e documental, guiada pela metodologia da pesquisa hipotético-dedutiva.Resultados: como resultados da presente pesquisa, nota-se que a negociação no âmbito do Direito de Família é válida e lícita e, por essa razão, viável a prefixação de indenização dela decorrente, devendo ser priorizada, sempre que possível e respeitados os limites legais, a autonomia privada.Contribuições: o estudo traz como contribuição a discussão sobre a ocorrência de situações lesivas no âmbito das relações jurídico-familiares, que infelizmente não se apresenta como novidade, eis que vários casos se apresentam na atualidade, variando em inúmeras possibilidades.Palavras-chave: Contratualização; Relações familiares; Danos; Responsabilidade civil; Prefixação. ABSTRACTObjective: the present paper has as a problematic proposal an analysis of the possibility or not of prefixing indemnity for damages occurred in the relationships resulting from the stable union or from the marriage. This research aims to analyze a contractualization of family interests and, consequently, of contractual civil liability in this area.Methodology: the research is predominantly bibliographical and documentary, guided by the methodology of hypothetical-deductive research.Results: as a result of this research, it was noted that negotiation within the scope of Family Law is valid and valid and, precisely for this reason, the prefixing of indemnity arising from it is viable, and should be prioritized, whenever possible and respecting the legal limits, the private autonomy.Contributions: The study brings as a contribution the discussion on the occurrence of hypotheses in the scope of legal-family relationships, which unfortunately is not new, as several cases are presented today, varying in possibilities.Keywords: Contracting; Family relationships; Damages; Civil liability; Prefixation. 

Risk Management in Scrum Projects: A Bibliometric Study

This article presents a bibliometric study of Risk Management in Scrum Projects. It was carried out an analysis involving the ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases, identifying the main authors, countries and periodicals. It also identified the most cited authors by the analyzed articles, in addition to the keywords most frequently cited. These analyzes were performed using the reference maps, which were generated by CiteSpace® software, which offers a set of features to support bibliometrics. The objective was to identify the current scenario research of Risk Management applied in Scrum Projects in order to offer a consistent basis of information to researchers. The research verified that, despite the importance of the research topic, few scientific studies have been identified, which brings the need for new researches on the subject

Pretreatment of microalgal biomass to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates by ultrasonication: Yield vs energy consumption

Microalgal biomass has been considered as a possible alternative source of carbohydrates and lipids in fermentative/reactional processes, called third generation of biofuels. Carbohydrates from microalgae are mostly composed by glucose and some pentose-derived polymers that must be hydrolyzed to be efficiently used. When enzymatic hydrolysis is applied a pretreatment is required. Sonication/ultrasonication is one of the most promising methods, and in this paper the influence of pretreatment time, sonication intensity and biomass concentration was validated, and the energy consumed in the process compared as well. Sonication intensity had the major role on the enzymatic accessibility. Pretreatment time can be used to decrease hydrolysis time. More than 90% of hydrolysis efficiency was reached when higher amplitude (sonication intensity) and pretreatment time were used. The applied energy influenced indirectly the hydrolysis process. The best saccharification/energy relation was reached when 50% of amplitude for 25 min was applied, obtaining 91% of hydrolysis yield and spending 2.4 MJ/kg of dry biomass. Keywords: Microalgae, Ethanol, Fermentation, Amylase, Cellulase, Sonicatio

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and malaria infection in Lábrea, Brazilian western Amazon : estimates of coinfection rates

A Amazônia é conhecida pela elevada ocorrência de hepatite B e suas seqüelas. Contribui também com mais de 98% dos casos de malária do país. Apesar de controvérsias, é proposto que quando associadas ocorram alterações na história natural das duas patologias. Este estudo estima a prevalência de prováveis coinfecções em população geral de área endêmica de ambas infecções na Amazônia Brasileira. A taxa de portadores do AgHBs encontrada foi de 3,3% (IC 95% 2,1% a 5,1%,), e a do anti-HBc total 49,9% (IC 95% 45,9% a 53,8%). A prevalência de anticorpos contra antígenos do Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum foi de 51,4% (311/605) (IC 95% 47,3% a 55,4%). Em relação à presença simultânea de anticorpos contra antígenos do Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum com marcadores do VHB, 1,8% (11/605), (IC95% 1,0% a 3,3%), apresentavam também o AgHBs, tendo estes em média 26 anos de idade (p<0,001). Este estudo aponta semelhanças na distribuição dessas enfermidades como, a ocorrência preferencialmente entre adulto jovens. Os eventos provavelmente ocorrem em momentos distintos. Mostra também diferenças como, o baixo risco de malária entre menores de quinze anos, onde o VHB circula com moderada intensidade. As taxas de coinfecções são provavelmente menores que as de portadores do AgHBs, apresentando padrão heterogêneo em relação ao espectro clínico da infecção pelo VHB.The Amazon region is known for the high occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and accounts for more than 98% of malaria cases in Brazil. Despite the controversy, it has been proposed that when associated they may lead to important effects in the natural history of both infections. This study estimates the prevalence of coinfection within general population of an endemic region of HBV and malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.3% (95% CI 2.1%-5.1%,) and total anti-HBc 49.9% (95% CI 45.9%-53.8%). The prevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum antigens was 51.4% (311/605) (95% CI 47.3%-55.4%). Related to the simultaneous presence of malaria antibodies and HBV serological markers, in 1.8% (11/605), (95% CI 1.0%-3.3%), the presence of HBsAg was also demonstrated, mean age 26 years (p <0.001). This study points to similarities in the distribution of these diseases, such as the occurrence mainly among young adults. The events may occur in different times. Also shown differences such as the low risk of malaria in the group up to fifteen years, where HBV circulates with moderate intensity. The prevalence of HBV and malaria coinfection is in fact less than the rates of HBsAg carriage, showing a heterogeneous pattern related to the clinical spectrum of HBV infection

Crédito Rural: Sustentabilidade E O Paradoxo Do Desenvolvimento Econômico Social Do Campo

Considering that rural credit has an important role in the modernization and operation of the field by the promotion of agricultural activities, enabling the countryside social and economic development, the objective by this article, is to demonstrate that the institute in frank evolution of an earlier priority for the operation and modernization of farming techniques and pastoral seeking a higher yield, has gone up over time to have a priority for the sustainability of the field by the creation of aid programs for family agriculture and its foundations.So even if the means are temporally disjointed, it is understood that the objectives of sustainability and social economic development of the field would possess the common goal of benefiting the farmers, however, certainly there would be a paradox between them, since the rural credit is taken as the principal by agricultural expansion in 70s, as well by the fact that Brazil is now a world power in agribusiness, which also encompass the environment degradation that has occurred since then. Considerando que o crédito rural possui um papel relevante na modernização e operacionalização do campo mediante o fomento das atividades agropecuárias, possibilitando o desenvolvimento econômico social da zona rural, objetiva-se pelo presente artigo, demonstrar que o instituto em franca evolução, de uma anterior primazia pela operacionalização e modernização das técnicas de exploração agrícola e pastoril, visando um maior rendimento, passa-se com o tempo a se ter uma primazia pela sustentabilidade do campo ante a criação dos programas de auxílio a agricultura familiar e seus fundamentos. Assim, mesmo que temporalmente desconexos, entende-se que os objetivos da sustentabilidade e do desenvolvimento econômico social do campo possuiriam o objetivo comum de beneficiar o produtor rural. Entretanto, tem-se que haveria um paradoxo entre ambos, já que o crédito rural é tomado como o principal responsável pela expansão agrícola na década de 70, bem como pelo fato do Brasil ser hoje uma potência mundial no agronegócio, o que abarcaria também a degradação do meio ambiente ocorrida desde então

ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS AND COST OF WORLD CLASS MAINTENANCE (WCM) IN FOREST MACHINES

The study was carried out at a forest company located in the Paraná State, Brazil, with the feller buncher, skidder and harvester. The following indicators were evaluated: mechanical availability, mean time between failures, mean time to repair, proactive maintenance index and maintenance costs, based on data obtained over a period of 18 months, contemplating the stages of implantation, maturation and stabilization of the WCM. The results showed an increase in the mechanical availability of the cutting and skidding machines from the implantation stage. The mean time between failures increased from the implantation stage, from 31.59 hours to 37.01 hours in the stabilization stage. As for the mean time to repairs, skidder and harvester presented an increase of 25.9% and 18.9% respectively; however, this increase in time represented an improvement in the quality of maintenance services, reflected in the results of mean time between failures. There was also a 31% increase in the proactive index of the machines studied, resulting in 9% reduction in maintenance costs between the deployment and stabilization stages