675 research outputs found
Residual stress analysis and finite element modelling of repair-welded titanium sheets
An innovative FE modelling approach has been tested to investigate the effects of weld repair thin sheets of titanium alloy, taking into account pre-existing stress field in the components. In the case study analysed, the residual stress fields due to the original welds are introduced by means of a preliminary sequentially-coupled thermo-mechanical analysis and considered as pre-existing stress in the sheets for the subsequent weld simulation. Comparisons are presented between residual stress predictions and experimental measurements available from the literature with the aim of validating the numerical procedure. As a destructive sectioning technique was used in the reference experimental measurements, an investigation is also presented on the use of the element deactivation strategy when adopted to simulate material removal. Although the numerical tool is an approximate approach to simulate the actual material removal, the strategy appears to compute a physical strain relaxation and stress redistribution in the remaining part of the component. The weld repair modelling strategy and the element deactivation tool adopted to simulate the residual stress measurement technique are shown to predict residual stress trends which are very well correlated with experimental findings from the literature
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and clustered cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the HAPPY study
Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors can occur during childhood and predisposes individuals to cardiometabolic disease. This study calculated clustered cardiometabolic risk in 100 children and adolescents aged 10-14 years (59 girls) and explored differences according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels and time spent at different physical activity (PA) intensities. CRF was determined using a maximal cycle ergometer test, and PA was assessed using accelerometry. A cardiometabolic risk score was computed as the sum of the standardised scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides and glucose. Differences in clustered cardiometabolic risk between fit and unfit participants, according to previously proposed health-related threshold values, and between tertiles for PA subcomponents were assessed using ANCOVA. Clustered risk was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the fit group (mean 1.21 ± 3.42) compared to the unfit group (mean -0.74 ± 2.22), while no differences existed between tertiles for any subcomponent of PA. Conclusion These findings suggest that CRF may have an important cardioprotective role in children and adolescents and highlights the importance of promoting CRF in youth
Acute kidney disease and renal recovery : consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup
Consensus definitions have been reached for both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and these definitions are now routinely used in research and clinical practice. The KDIGO guideline defines AKI as an abrupt decrease in kidney function occurring over 7 days or less, whereas CKD is defined by the persistence of kidney disease for a period of > 90 days. AKI and CKD are increasingly recognized as related entities and in some instances probably represent a continuum of the disease process. For patients in whom pathophysiologic processes are ongoing, the term acute kidney disease (AKD) has been proposed to define the course of disease after AKI; however, definitions of AKD and strategies for the management of patients with AKD are not currently available. In this consensus statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) proposes definitions, staging criteria for AKD, and strategies for the management of affected patients. We also make recommendations for areas of future research, which aim to improve understanding of the underlying processes and improve outcomes for patients with AKD
General Gauge and Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking in Grand Unified Theories with Vector-Like Particles
In Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) from orbifold and various string
constructions the generic vector-like particles do not need to form complete
SU(5) or SO(10) representations. To realize them concretely, we present
orbifold SU(5) models, orbifold SO(10) models where the gauge symmetry can be
broken down to flipped SU(5) X U(1)_X or Pati-Salam SU(4)_C X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R
gauge symmetries, and F-theory SU(5) models. Interestingly, these vector-like
particles can be at the TeV-scale so that the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass
can be lifted, or play the messenger fields in the Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry
Breaking (GMSB). Considering GMSB, ultraviolet insensitive Anomaly Mediated
Supersymmetry Breaking (AMSB), and the deflected AMSB, we study the general
gaugino mass relations and their indices, which are valid from the GUT scale to
the electroweak scale at one loop, in the SU(5) models, the flipped SU(5) X
U(1)_X models, and the Pati-Salam SU(4)_C X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R models. In the
deflected AMSB, we also define the new indices for the gaugino mass relations,
and calculate them as well. Using these gaugino mass relations and their
indices, we may probe the messenger fields at intermediate scale in the GMSB
and deflected AMSB, determine the supersymmetry breaking mediation mechanisms,
and distinguish the four-dimensional GUTs, orbifold GUTs, and F-theory GUTs.Comment: RevTex4, 45 pages, 15 tables, version to appear in JHE
On Global Flipped SU(5) GUTs in F-theory
We construct an SU(4) spectral divisor and its factorization of types (3,1)
and (2,2) based on the construction proposed in [1]. We calculate the chiral
spectra of flipped SU(5) GUTs by using the spectral divisor construction. The
results agree with those from the analysis of semi-local spectral covers. Our
computations provide an example for the validity of the spectral divisor
construction and suggest that the standard heterotic formulae are applicable to
the case of F-theory on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfold with no
heterotic dual.Comment: 45 pages, 12 tables, 1 figure; typos corrected, footnotes added, and
a reference adde
Flipped SU(5) GUTs from E_8 Singularities in F-theory
In this paper we construct supersymmetric flipped SU(5) GUTs from E_8
singularities in F-theory. We start from an SO(10) singularity unfolded from an
E_8 singularity by using an SU(4) spectral cover. To obtain realistic models,
we consider (3,1) and (2,2) factorizations of the SU(4) cover. After turning on
the massless U(1)_X gauge flux, we obtain the SU(5) X U(1)_X gauge group. Based
on the well-studied geometric backgrounds in the literature, we demonstrate
several models and discuss their phenomenology.Comment: 46 pages, 23 tables, 1 figure, typos corrected, references added, and
new examples presente
The SPARK Study: a phase II randomized blinded controlled trial of the effect of furosemide in critically ill patients with early acute kidney injury
Exploring or Avoiding Novel Food Resources? The Novelty Conflict in an Invasive Bird
For an animal invading a novel region, the ability to develop new behaviors should facilitate the use of novel food resources and hence increase its survival in the new environment. However, the need to explore new resources may entail costs such as exposing the animal to unfamiliar predators. These two opposing forces result in an exploration-avoidance conflict, which can be expected to interfere with the acquisition of new resources. However, its consequences should be less dramatic in highly urbanized environments where new food opportunities are common and predation risk is low. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by presenting three foraging tasks to introduced common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) from environments with low and high urbanization levels from Australia. Individuals from the highly urbanized environments, where mynas are both more opportunistic when foraging and less fearful to predators, resolved a technical task faster than those from less urbanized environments. These differences did not reflect innovative ‘personalities’ and were not confounded by sex, morphology or motivational state. Rather, the principal factors underlying differences in mynas' problem-solving ability were neophobic-neophilic responses, which varied across habitats. Thus, mynas seem to modulate their problem-solving ability according to the benefits and costs of innovating in their particular habitat, which may help us understand the great success of the species in highly urbanized environments
Assessment of the RIFLE criteria for the diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury; a retrospective study in South-Western Ghana
Association between Changes in Muscle Quality with Exercise Training and Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measures in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the HART-D Study
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduction in muscle quality. However, there is inadequate empirical evidence to determine whether changes in muscle quality following exercise are associated with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in individuals with T2DM. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between change in muscle quality following a 9-month intervention of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT) or a combination of both (ATRT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in individuals with T2DM. Material and Methods A total of 196 participants were randomly assigned to a control, AT, RT, or combined ATRT for a 9-months intervention. The exposure variable was change in muscle quality [(Post: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)-[(Pre: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass)]. Dependent variables were change in CRF measures including absolute and relative VO2peak, and treadmill time to exhaustion (TTE) and estimated metabolic equivalent task (METs). Results Continuous change in muscle quality was independently associated with change in absolute (β = 0.015; p = 0.019) and relative (β = 0.200; p = 0.005) VO2peak, and TTE (β = 0.170; p = 0.043), but not with estimated METs (p > 0.05). A significant trend was observed across tertiles of change in muscle quality for changes in absolute (β = 0.050; p = 0.005) and relative (β = 0.624; p = 0.002) VO2peak following 9 months of exercise training. No such association was observed for change in TTE and estimated METs (p > 0.05). Discussion: The results from this ancillary study suggest that change in muscle quality following exercise training is associated with a greater improvement in CRF in individuals with T2DM. Given the effect RT has on increasing muscle quality, especially as part of a recommended training program (ATRT), individuals with T2DM should incorporate RT into their AT regimens to optimize CRF improvement
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