282 research outputs found
Teaching Intelligence Testing in APA-Accredited Programs: A National Survey
We surveyed instructors at APA-accredited clinical and school psychology programs across the United States and Canada to determine typical teaching practices in individual intelligence testing courses. The most recent versions of the Wechsler scales (Wechsler, 1989, 1991, 1997) and the Stanford-Binet (Thorndike, Hagan & Sattler, 1986) remain the primary tests taught in this course. Course instructors emphasized having students administer intelligence tests; however, relatively few instructors reported assessing students' final level of competence with regard to their test administration skills. The intelligence testing course appears quite time-intensive for instructors, and many teach the course with the aid of a teaching assistant. When compared with previous findings, current results suggest a good measure of stability over time regarding the core issues addressed and skills taught in the intelligence testing course.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
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Atypical Case Of Wolfram Syndrome Revealed Through Targeted Exome Sequencing In A Patient With Suspected Mitochondrial Disease
Background: Mitochondrial diseases comprise a diverse set of clinical disorders that affect multiple organ systems with varying severity and age of onset. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, these diseases are difficult to diagnose. We have developed a targeted exome sequencing approach to improve our ability to properly diagnose mitochondrial diseases and apply it here to an individual patient. Our method targets mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the exons of 1,600 nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial biology or Mendelian disorders with multi-system phenotypes, thereby allowing for simultaneous evaluation of multiple disease loci. Case Presentation: Targeted exome sequencing was performed on a patient initially suspected to have a mitochondrial disorder. The patient presented with diabetes mellitus, diffuse brain atrophy, autonomic neuropathy, optic nerve atrophy, and a severe amnestic syndrome. Further work-up revealed multiple heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions as well as profound thiamine deficiency without a clear nutritional cause. Targeted exome sequencing revealed a homozygous c.1672C > T (p.R558C) missense mutation in exon 8 of WFS1 that has previously been reported in a patient with Wolfram syndrome. Conclusion: This case demonstrates how clinical application of next-generation sequencing technology can enhance the diagnosis of patients suspected to have rare genetic disorders. Furthermore, the finding of unexplained thiamine deficiency in a patient with Wolfram syndrome suggests a potential link between WFS1 biology and thiamine metabolism that has implications for the clinical management of Wolfram syndrome patients
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Within-person reproducibility of red blood cell mercury over a 10- to 15-year period among women in the Nursesâ Health Study II
Background
Most epidemiologic studies of methylmercury (MeHg) health effects rely on a single measurement of a MeHg biomarker to assess long-term exposures. Long-term reproducibility data are, therefore, needed to assess the reliability of a single measure to reflect long-term exposures. In this study we assessed within-person reproducibility of red blood cell (RBC) mercury (Hg), a marker of methyl-mercury, over 10â15-years in a sample of 57 women.
Methods
Fifty-seven women from the Nursesâ Health Study II provided two blood samples 10â15-years apart (median:12 years), which were analyzed for mercury levels in the red blood cells (B-Hg*). To characterize within-person reproducibility we estimated correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients (r and ICC) across the two samples. Further, we compared different prediction models, including variables on fish and seafood consumption, for B-Hg* at the first sample using leave-one-out cross-validation to assess predictive ability.
Results
Overall, we observed strong correlations over 10â15 years (r=0.69), as well as a high ICC (0.67; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.79). Fish and seafood consumption reported concurrently with the first B-Hg* sample accounted for 26.8% of the variability in that B-Hg*, giving a correlation of r=0.52.
Conclusions
Despite decreasing B-Hg* levels over time, we observed strong correlations and high ICC estimates across B-Hg* measured 10â15 years apart, suggesting good relative within-person stability over time. Our results indicate that a single measurement of B-Hg* likely is adequate to represent long-term exposures
Social Pedagogy: An Approach Without Fixed Recipes
A historical and theoretical reconstruction of the specificity and peculiarity of the discipline of social pedagogy, as it has developed in Denmark. Social pedagogy takes its departure from the idea that the individual person and the community are complementary but at the same time opposed to each other, so the task of social pedagogy is rebalancing the dynamics between the two. Social pedagogy is also characterised as a discipline with three dimensions: a practical dimension, a theoretical dimension and a professional dimension. The
professionalâs task is neither to apply theory in practice nor to uphold the usual practice; it is to mediate between theory and practice. The specificity of the discipline gives rise to particular challenges and
dilemmas that theorists make understandable and transparent and practitioners have to deal with. A big challenge for social pedagogy is the quest for evidence-based methods that overrides the specificity of the
social pedagogical approach. Balancing different forms of knowledge implies that programmes and methods are used as inspiration that can be contained in a social pedagogical approach
Effect of Anthropogenic Landscape Features on Population Genetic Differentiation of Przewalski's Gazelle: Main Role of Human Settlement
Anthropogenic landscapes influence evolutionary processes such as population genetic differentiation, however, not every type of landscape features exert the same effect on a species, hence it is necessary to estimate their relative effect for species management and conservation. Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), which inhabits a human-altered area on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most endangered antelope species in the world. Here, we report a landscape genetic study on Przewalski's gazelle. We used skin and fecal samples of 169 wild gazelles collected from nine populations and thirteen microsatellite markers to assess the genetic effect of anthropogenic landscape features on this species. For comparison, the genetic effect of geographical distance and topography were also evaluated. We found significant genetic differentiation, six genetic groups and restricted dispersal pattern in Przewalski's gazelle. Topography, human settlement and road appear to be responsible for observed genetic differentiation as they were significantly correlated with both genetic distance measures [FST/(1âFST) and FâČST/(1âFâČST)] in Mantel tests. IBD (isolation by distance) was also inferred as a significant factor in Mantel tests when genetic distance was measured as FST/(1âFST). However, using partial Mantel tests, AICc calculations, causal modeling and AMOVA analysis, we found that human settlement was the main factor shaping current genetic differentiation among those tested. Altogether, our results reveal the relative influence of geographical distance, topography and three anthropogenic landscape-type on population genetic differentiation of Przewalski's gazelle and provide useful information for conservation measures on this endangered species
The genomic complexity of a large inversion in great tits
Chromosome inversions have clear effects on genome evolution and have been associated with speciation, adaptation and the evolution of the sex chromosomes. In birds, these inversions may play an important role in hybridization of species and disassortative mating. We identified a large (â64 Mb) inversion polymorphism in the great tit (Parus major) that encompasses almost 1,000 genes and more than 90% of Chromosome 1A. The inversion occurs at a low frequency in a set of over 2,300 genotyped great tits in the Netherlands with only 5% of the birds being heterozygous for the inversion. In an additional analysis of 29 resequenced birds from across Europe we found two heterozygotes. The likely inversion breakpoints show considerable genomic complexity, including multiple copy number variable segments. We identified different haplotypes for the inversion, which differ in the degree of recombination in the center of the chromosome. Overall, this remarkable genetic variant is widespread among distinct great tit populations and future studies of the inversion haplotype, including how it affects the fitness of carriers, may help to understand the mechanisms that maintain it
PrĂĄcticas docentes para creatividad en la universidad: estudio en Portugal y Brasil
Creativity is nowadays seen as an essential feature in higher education. Nevertheless, there is a discrepancy between the need for creativity and what higher education classrooms provide. This study assessed the perceptions of 1599 higher education students from two countries (1059 Brazilian and 540 Portuguese students), from two academic domains (Sciences and Technologies â Sc&T; Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities â SScA&H), about the presence of creativity in their teachersâ instruction and evaluation practices. The studyâs findings evidence interactive effects between the variables country and academic domain for most of the assessed factors: encouragement of new ideas, climate for the expression of ideas, and interest in studentsâ learning. Brazilian Sc&T students presented more negative perceptions of their classroom environments when compared to SScA&H students; Portuguese students showed opposite patterns
of results. Some hypothetical explanations are discussed and future directions for research are presented.Criatividade é atualmente tomada como aspecto essencial na Educação Superior. Hå, contudo, discrepùncia entre a necessidade
de criatividade e o que a universidade proporciona. Este estudo avaliou percepçÔes de 1599 alunos universitĂĄrios de dois paĂses (1059
brasileiros e 540 portugueses), de duas ĂĄreas curriculares (CiĂȘncias e Tecnologias â Sc&T; CiĂȘncias Sociais, Artes e Humanidades â SscA&H)
sobre a presença de criatividade nas pråticas docentes, instrucionais e avaliativas, de que são alvo. Os resultados mostraram efeitos
interativos significativos entre as variĂĄveis paĂs e ĂĄrea curricular para a maioria dos fatores avaliados: encorajamento de novas ideias,
clima para expressão de ideias e interesse pela aprendizagem dos alunos. Os estudantes brasileiros de Sc&T mostraram percepçÔes mais
negativas da sala de aula, comparados com os de SScA&H; os alunos portugueses obtiveram padrÔes opostos nos resultados. Algumas
hipóteses explicativas são discutidas e são apresentadas orientaçÔes para pesquisa futura.La creatividad estå actualmente considerada como aspecto esencial en la Educación Superior. Sin embargo, existe discrepancia
entre la necesidad de creatividad y lo que la universidad ofrece. Este estudio evaluĂł percepciones de 1.599 estudiantes universitarios
(1.059 de Brasil y 540 de Portugal) de dos ĂĄreas curriculares (Ciencia y TecnologĂa â Sc&T; Ciencias Sociales, Artes y Humanidades
â SscA&T) acerca de la presencia de creatividad en las prĂĄcticas docentes, instructivas y evaluativas dirigidas a ellos. Los resultados mostraron
efectos de interacciĂłn significativos entre las variables paĂs y ĂĄrea curricular para la mayorĂa de los factores evaluados: fomento de
nuevas ideas, entorno para la expresión de ideas e interés en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Los estudiantes brasileños de Sc&T mostraron
percepciones mĂĄs negativas de la clase en comparaciĂłn con los de SSCA&H; los estudiantes portugueses obtuvieron patrones opuestos en
los resultados. Algunas hipĂłtesis explicativas se discuten y se presentan directrices para investigaciĂłn futura.Thermo Scientificinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals
Funding: Hoge Veluwe great tits: the NIOO-KNAW, ERC, and numerous funding agencies; Wytham great tits: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, ERC, and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is determined by the additive genetic variance in individual relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that, while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the potential to partly mitigate effects of current environmental change.PostprintPeer reviewe
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