55 research outputs found
Synthesis effects on the magnetic and superconducting properties of RuSr2GdCu2O8
A systematic study on the synthesis of the Ru-1212 compound by preparing a
series of samples that were annealed at increasing temperatures and then
quenched has been performed. It results that the optimal temperature for the
annealing lies around 1060-1065 C; a further temperature increase worsens the
phase formation. Structural order is very important and the subsequent grinding
and annealing improves it. Even if from the structural point of view the
samples appear substantially similar, the physical characterization highlight
great differences both in the electrical and magnetic properties related to
intrinsic properties of the phase as well as to the connection between the
grains as inferred from the resistive and the Curie Weiss behaviour at high
temperature as well as in the visibility of ZFC anf FC magnetic signals.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures. Proc. Int. Workshop " Ruthenate and
rutheno-cuprate materials: theory and experiments", Vietri, October 2001. To
be published on LNP Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, C. Noce, A. Vecchione,
M. Cuoco, A. Romano Eds, 200
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In situ rheology and gas volume in Hanford double-shell waste tanks
This report is a detailed characterization of gas retention and release in 6 Hanford DS waste tanks. The results came from the ball rheometer and void fraction instrument in (flammable gas watch list) tanks SY-101, SY-103, AW-101, AN-103, AN-104, and AN-105 are presented. Instrument operation and derivation of data reduction methods are presented. Gas retention and release information is summarized for each tank and includes tank fill history and instrumentation, waste configuration, gas release, void fraction distribution, gas volumes, rheology, and photographs of the waste column from extruded core samples. Potential peak burn pressure is computed as a function of gas release fraction to portray the `hazard signature` of each tank. It is shown that two tanks remain well below the maximum allowable pressure, even if the entire gas content were released and ignited, and that none of the others present a hazard with their present gas release behavior
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetization Studies of the Ferromagnetic Ordering Temperature Suppression in Ru Deficient SrRuO3
The synthesis of SrRuO3 under high-pressure oxygen produces a
nonstoichiometric form with randomly distributed vacancies on the Ru-sites,
along with a significantly reduced ferromagnetic ordering temperature. In order
to gain additional insight into the suppression of the ferromagnetism, local
studies utilizing 99,101 Ru zero-field spin-echo NMR, and Ru K-edge XAFS, along
with complimentary magnetization and x-ray diffraction measurements, have been
carried out on samples of SrRuO3 annealed at both ("ambient") atmospheric
pressure and "high-pressure" oxygen (600 atm). Consistent with previous work,
the NMR spectrum for "ambient" SrRuO3 consists of two well-defined peaks at
64.4 MHz and 72.2 MHz corresponding to the 99Ru and 101Ru isotopes,
respectively, and a hyperfine field of 329 kG. Although the magnetization
measurements show a lower ferromagnetic ordering temperature for the
"high-pressure" oxygen sample (90 K compared to 160 K for the "ambient"
sample), the NMR spectrum shows no significant shift in the two peak
frequencies. However, the two peaks exhibit considerable broadening, along with
structure on both the low and high frequency sides which is believed to be
quadrupolar in origin. Analysis of the Ru K-edge XAFS reveals more disorder in
the Ru-O bond for the "high-pressure" oxygen sample compared to the "ambient"
sample. Furthermore, XANES of Ru K-edge analysis indicates no difference in the
valence of Ru between the two samples. The magnetic behavior indicates the
existence of some vacancies on the Ru sites for the "high-pressure" oxygen
sample.Comment: Proceedings of the 3rd Polish-US Workshop on Magnetism and
Superconductivity of Advanced Materials, July 14-19, 2002, Ladek Zdroj
(Poland), to appear in Physica
Impact of wind on crash-landing mortality in grey-headed albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma breeding on Marion Island
Albatrosses exploit winds to travel vast distances across the ocean. Their morphology is adapted for low-cost dynamic soaring flight, but these adaptations confer low manoeuvrability, which may be risky when flying over land. This study investigates how wind conditions influence Endangered grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma crashes in the valley below an inland sub-colony on Marion Island. Carcass surveys were conducted in a 1 km2 area spanning the length of this sub-colony (ca. 4000 breeding pairs) from October 2017 to June 2021. Hundreds of adult and fledgling albatross carcasses were discovered, some with evidence of fatal crash-landings in the form of broken bones. Wind data measured on the cliff-top above the colony were supplemented by computational fluid dynamics simulations of wind vectors over Marion Island. Most crashes occurred below the centre of the colony, where there are strong gradients in wind speed and direction under the dominant westerly wind conditions. Observations of albatrosses in flight indicate that most birds are killed when attempting to leave the colony, specifically when flying low above ground in strong wind. An average of at least 41 adults and 40 fledglings died after crashing into the valley annually. This represents an estimated 2% of the annual production of fledglings, 0.5% of the estimated annual breeding adult population and 11% of the adult annual mortality, suggesting a substantial cost to breeding at this inland site. For these long-lived seabirds, even low levels of adult mortality can have potential demographic consequences. This is the first study to document persistent wind-driven, land-based mortalities in albatrosses.The South African National Antarctic Programme and the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment.http://www.int-res.com/journals/meps/meps-homehj2024Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringNon
Investigation of the ferromagnetic transition in the correlated 4d perovskites SrRuRhO
The solid-solution SrRuRhO () is a
variable-electron-configuration system forming in the nearly-cubic-perovskite
basis, ranging from the ferromagnetic 4 to the enhanced paramagnetic
4. Polycrystalline single-phase samples were obtained over the whole
composition range by a high-pressure-heating technique, followed by
measurements of magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat,
thermopower, and electrical resistivity. The ferromagnetic order in long range
is gradually suppressed by the Rh substitution and vanishes at .
The electronic term of specific-heat shows unusual behavior near the critical
Rh concentration; the feature does not match even qualitatively with what was
reported for the related perovskites (Sr,Ca)RuO. Furthermore, another
anomaly in the specific heat was observed at .Comment: Accepted for publication in PR
The sensitivity of the next generation of lunar Cherenkov observations to UHE neutrinos and cosmic rays
We present simulation results for the detection of ultra-high energy (UHE)
cosmic ray (CR) and neutrino interactions in the Moon by radio-telescopes. We
simulate the expected radio signal at Earth from such interactions, expanding
on previous work to include interactions in the sub-regolith layer for single
dish and multiple telescope systems. For previous experiments at Parkes,
Goldstone, and Kalyazin we recalculate the sensitivity to an isotropic flux of
UHE neutrinos. Our predicted sensitivity for future experiments using the
Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Australian SKA Pathfinder
(ASKAP) indicate these instruments will be able to detect the more optimistic
UHE neutrino flux predictions, while the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will also
be sensitive to all bar one prediction of a diffuse `cosmogenic', or `GZK',
neutrino flux.
Current uncertainties concerning the structure and roughness of the lunar
surface prevents an accurate calculation of the sensitivity of the lunar
Cherenkov technique for UHE cosmic ray astronomy at high frequencies. However,
below 200 MHz we find that the proposed SKA low-frequency aperture array should
be able to detect events above 56 EeV at a rate about 30 times that of the
current Pierre Auger Observatory. This would allow directional analysis of UHE
cosmic rays, and investigation of correlations with putative cosmic ray source
populations, to be conducted with very high statistics.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts
A phylogeny of the species-rich clade of the Neotropical frog genus Leptodactylus sensu stricto is presented on the basis of a total evidence analysis of molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and non-molecular (adult and larval morphological and behavioral characters) sampled from > 80% of the 75 currently recognized species. Our results support the monophyly of Leptodactylus sensu stricto, with Hydrolaetare placed as its sister group. The reciprocal monophyly of Hydrolaetare and Leptodactylus sensu stricto does not require that we consider Hydrolaetare as either a subgenus or synonym of Leptodactylus sensu lato. We recognize Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera, and Lithodytes as valid monophyletic genera. Our results generally support the traditionally recognized Leptodactylus species groups, with exceptions involving only a few species that are easily accommodated without proposing new groups or significantly altering contents. The four groups form a pectinate tree, with the Leptodactylus fuscus group diverging first, followed by the L. pentadactylus group, which is sister to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. To evaluate the impact of non-molecular evidence on our results, we compared our total evidence results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although non-molecular evidence comprised only 3.5% of the total evidence matrix, it had a strong impact on our total evidence results. Only one species group was monophyletic in the molecular-only analysis, and support differed in 86% of the 54 Leptodactylus clades that are shared by the results of the two analyses. Even though no non-molecular evidence was included for Hydrolaetare, exclusion of that data partition resulted in that genus being nested within Leptodactylus, demonstrating that the inclusion of a small amount of non-molecular evidence for a subset of species can alter not only the placement of those species, but also species that were not scored for those data. The evolution of several natural history and reproductive traits is considered in the light of our phylogenic framework. Invasion of rocky outcrops, larval oophagy, and use of underground reproductive chambers are restricted to species of the Leptodactylus fuscus and L. pentadactylus groups. In contrast, larval schooling, larval attendance, and more complex parental care are restricted to the L. latrans and L. melanonotus groups. Construction of foam nests is plesiomorphic in Leptodactylus but their placement varies extensively (e.g., underground chambers, surface of waterbodies, natural or excavated basins). Information on species synonymy, etymology, adult and larval morphology, advertisement call, and geographic distribution is summarized in species accounts for the 30 species of the Leptodactylus fuscus group, 17 species of the L. pentadactylus group, eight species of the L. latrans group, and 17 species of the L. melanonotus group, as well as the three species that are currently unassigned to any species group.Se presenta una filogenia del género Leptodactylus, un ciado neotropical rico en especies, basada en análises combinados de datos moleculares (marcadores nuclear y mitocondriales) y no moleculares (caracteres de la morfología de adultos y larvas así como de comportamiento) se muestrearon > 80% de las 75 especies reconocidas. Los resultados apoyan la monofília de Leptodactylus sensu stricto, con Hydrolaetare como su grupo hermano. La monofília recíproca de Hydrolaetare y Leptodactylus no requiere considerar a Hydrolaetare como un subgénero o sinónimo de Leptodactylus sensu lato. Se reconocen Leptodactylus sensu stricto, Hydrolaetare, Adenomera y Lithodytes como géneros monofiléticos válidos. Los resultados en general resuelven los grupos tradicionalmente reconocidos de Leptodactylus, con excepciones de algunas especies que son reasignadas sin la necesidad de proponer nuevos grupos o alterar significativamente el contenido de los grupos tradicionales. Los cuatro grupos de especies forman una topología pectinada donde el grupo de L. fuscus tiene una posición basal, seguido por el grupo de L. pentadactylus que es el grupo hermano al clado formado por los grupo de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Se estimó el impacto de los datos no moleculares en los resultados, comparándose los resultados de evidencia total con los de los análises de datos moleculares solamente. Los datos no moleculares representan un 3.5% de la matriz de evidencia total, pero estos datos tuvieron un impacto significativo en los resultados del análisis de evidencia total. En el análisis estrictamente molecular solamente un grupo de especies resultó monofilético, y el apoyo difirió en 86% de los 54 ciados de Leptodactylus compartidos entre los dos análises. A pesar que datos no moleculares no fueron incluidos para Hydrolaetare, la exclusión de evidencia no molecular resultó en el género estar dentro de Leptodactylus, demostrando que la inclusión de evidencia no molecular pequeña para un subgrupo de especies altera no solamente la posición topológica de esas especies, sino tambien de las especies para las cuales dichos datos no fueron codificados. La evolución de patrones de historia natural y reprodución se evalúan en el contexto filogenético. La invasión de afloramientos rocosos y la construción de cámaras de reprodución subterraneas está limitada a los grupos de Leptodactylus fuscus y L. pentadactylus, mientras que la oofagia larval está restringida al grupo de L. pentadactylus. Por otro lado, los cárdumenes larvales, la proteción del cárdumen, y otros comportamientos parentales complejos carecterizan al clado formado por los grupos de especies de L. latrans y L. melanonotus. Los resúmenes de especies incluyen información de sinonimias, etimología, morfología de adultos y larvas, cantos, y distribución geográfica para las 30 especies del grupo de Leptodactylus fuscus, 17 especies del grupo L. pentadactylus, ocho especies del grupo de L. latrans, 17 especies del grupo de L. melanonotus, así como para las tres especies que actualmente no se encuentran asociadas a ninguno de los grupos de especies.Taran Grant was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Proc. 307001/2011-3 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Proc. 2012/10000-5
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In situ determination of rheological properties and void fraction in Hanford Waste Tank 241-SY-101
This report presents the results of the operation of the void fraction instrument (VFI) and ball rheometer in Hanford Tank 241-SY-101, which contains approximately one million gallons of radioactive waste. These instruments provided the first direct assay of the waste condition in the tank after more than a year of mixer pump operation. The two instruments were deployed in the tank in late 1994 and early 1995 to gather much-needed data on the effect prolonged mixer pump operation has on gas retention in the waste. The information supplied by these instruments has filled a great gap in the quantitative knowledge of the waste condition. The results show that the solids are well-mixed by the current mixer pump to within less than a meter of the tank bottom. Undisturbed sludge remains only on the lowest 10--30 cm and contains 10--12% void. The mixed slurry above contains less than 1% void and has no measurable yield strength and a shear-thinning viscosity of approximately 6 Poise at 1 sec{sup {minus}1}. Estimating the gas volumes in each of the four layers based on VFI data yields a total of 221 {+-} 57 m{sup 3} (7,800 {+-} 2,000 SCF) of gas at 1 atmosphere. Given the current waste level of 10.2 m (400 inches), the degassed waste level would be 9.8 m (386 inches). These results confirm that the mixer pump in Tank 241-SY-101 has performed the job it was installed to do--thoroughly mix the waste to release stored gas and prevent gas accumulation
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In situ determination of rheological properties and void fraction: Hanford Waste Tank 241-SY-103
This report presents the results of the operation of the void fraction instrument (VFI) and ball rheometer in Hanford Tank 241-SY-103. The two instruments were deployed through risers 17C and 22A in July and August 1995 to gather data on the gas content and rheology of the waste. The results indicate that the nonconvective sludge layer contains up to 12% void and an apparent viscosity of 104 to 105 cP with a yield strength less than 210 Pa. The convective layer measured zero void and had no measurable yield strength. Its average viscosity was about 45 cP, and the density was less than 1.5 g/cc. The average void fraction was 0.047 {plus_minus} 0.015 at riser 17C and 0.091 {plus_minus} 0.015 at riser 22A. The stored gas volume based on these void fraction measurements is 213 {plus_minus} 42 M{sup 3} at 1 atmosphere
The Energy Dependence of the (pol.p,d) Reaction for 54-Fe and 140-Ce
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
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