ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN TENAGA KERJA MIGRAN RISEN DI KOTA BINJAI : STUDI KASUS UNTUK RNTENAGA KERJA LOWSKILL DAN UNSKILL

ABSTRAKJudul : Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi PendapatanTenaga Kerja Migran Di Kota Binjai ( Studi Kasus : Tenaga Kerja Lowskill Dan Unskill)Nama : Sepa Tamida PranataNIM : 1101101010029Fakultas/Jurusan : Ekonomi/Ekonomi PembangunanDosen Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. Said Muhammad, MAPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhipendapatan tenaga kerja migran lowskill dan unskill di Kota Binjai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Binjai, dengan mengambil sampel tenaga kerja lowskill dan unskillyang bekerja di sektor informal. Model penelitian diestimasi dengan menggunakan model Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga variabel bebas yang diamati dan dianggap mempengaruhi pendapatan tenaga kerja migran lowskill, ketiga variabel bebas tersebut signifikan terhadap teori dan statistik yaitu tingkat pendidikan, jumlah jam kerja, dan pengalaman kerja. Ketiga variabel tersebut memiliki nilai koefisien positif, Kemudian hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga variabel bebas yang diamati dan dianggap mempengaruhi pendapatan tenaga kerja migran unskill, hanya ada satu variabel bebas yang signifikan terhadap teori dan statistik yaitu pengalaman kerja. Variabel pengalaman kerja tersebut memiliki nilai koefisien positif, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan beberapa kebijakan antara lain membuat sarana pendidikan, pelatihan dan keahlian untuk para tenaga kerja keahlian rendah agar tenaga kerja memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik. Disarankan juga kepada para tenaga kerja agar menekuni satu bidang pekerjaan saja, ini penting agar para tenaga kerja memiliki spesialisasi masing-masing. Diharapkan kepada peneliti selanjutnya untuk menambah variabel lain yang mungkin berpengaruh signifikan.Kata Kunci : Pendidikan, tenaga kerja lowskill dan unskill, Jam Kerja, Pendapatan, Pengalaman Kerja, Ordinary Least Square (OLS

Evaluating approaches for estimating peat depth

Estimates of peat depth are required to inform understanding of peatland development, functioning, and ecosystem services such as carbon storage. However, there is a considerable lack of peat depth data at local, national, and global scales. Recent studies have attempted to address this knowledge deficit by using manual probing and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to estimate depth. Despite increasing application, little consideration has been given to the accuracy of either of these techniques. This study examines the accuracy of probing and GPR for measuring peat depth. Corresponding GPR and probing surveys were carried out at a catchment scale in a blanket peatland. GPR depth estimations, calibrated using common midpoint (CMP) surveys, were found to be on average 35% greater than probe measurements. The source of disagreement was found to be predominantly caused by depth probes becoming obstructed by artifacts within the peat body, although occasionally probing rods also penetrated sediments underlying the peat. Using the Complex Refractive Index Model, it was found that applying a single velocity of 0.036 m ns−1 across a single site may also result in −8 to +17% error in estimation of peat depth due to spatial variability in water content and porosity. It is suggested that GPR calibrated at each site using CMP surveys may provide a more accurate method for measuring peat depth

www.daylighting.org.uk: case study website supporting research into daylighting urban rivers

Deculverting, or 'daylighting', involves opening up buried watercourses and restoring them to more natural conditions. It is often claimed to provide multiple benefits to society, the environment and the economy. However, the outcomes and objectives of deculverting projects are rarely published, which makes it difficult to evaluate their true effectiveness, determine the best methods to use, or provide quantitative evidence to encourage future projects. At the Catchment Science Centre, we have developed www.daylighting.org.uk in response to this research need. This map-based website of international daylighting case studies records the project drivers, costs and the environmental, social and economic objectives and outcomes. Practitioners are encouraged to enter their own case study details and add to our findings

Effect of the N-based ligands in copper complexes for depolymerisation of lignin

Several organic soluble N-based ligands and their copper complexes were firstly investigated as catalysts to depolymerise organosolv lignin in the organic solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF) and an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium xylenesulfonate, [emim][ABS]). The results of screening depolymerisation reactions in DMF and [emim][ABS] showed that all the copper–amine complexes catalysed lignin depolymerisation more efficiently in ionic liquids than in DMF. Among the seven types of ligands, copper complexes with two types of ligands (E)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aniline and (E)-4-methoxy-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aniline depolymerised the lignin more efficiently than the others. These two copper complexes with the N-based ligand were further studied to determine the most efficient conditions for the depolymerisation of the lignin. The most effective depolymerisation by conditions involved treatment at 180 °C for 12 h in [emim][ABS]. Cyclic voltammetric studies were carried out to investigate the reversible potential associated with the copper centers of their complexes with these N-based ligands. The results suggest that two types of ligands have more positive reversible potentials than those of other copper complexes

Feasibility of recovered toner powder as an integral pigment in concrete

Colour is an important property in many construction materials with pigments, coatings and paints being used primarily for aesthetic, safety and restoration purposes. However, the use of integral pigments in materials like mortar and concrete can significantly increase material costs. Recovered toner powder (RTP) from printer and photocopier cartridges has the potential to be a low cost, sustainable alternative pigment. The aim of this research was to examine the feasibility of using cyan, yellow, magenta and black RTP to create a range of colour options for mortar and concrete, and thereafter assess the colour stability in outdoor, indoor, UV and wet/dry conditions using the colour change parameter (ΔE). The work showed that the RTP as a pigment could be blended to make a range of primary and secondary colours had good colour stability in all environments with minimal impact on selected properties of hardened concrete

Adjuvant psychological therapy in long term endocrine conditions.

Summary Consideration of psychological distress in long term endocrine conditions is of vital importance given the prevalence of anxiety and depression in such disorders. Poor mental health can lead to compromised self-care, higher utilisation of health services, lower rates of adherence, reduced quality of life and ultimately poorer outcomes. Adjuvant psychological therapy offers an effective resource to reduce distress in endocrinological disorders. While the vast majority of work in this area has focused on psychological screening and intervention in diabetes, identification and recognition of psychological distress is equally important in other endocrinological conditions, with supportive evidence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Addison’s disease. Referral pathways and recommendations set out by UK guidelines and the Department of Health mandate requires greater attention across a wider range of long term endocrine disorders to facilitate improved quality of life and health outcom

Aquatic food security:insights into challenges and solutions from an analysis of interactions between fisheries, aquaculture, food safety, human health, fish and human welfare, economy and environment

Fisheries and aquaculture production, imports, exports and equitability of distribution determine the supply of aquatic food to people. Aquatic food security is achieved when a food supply is sufficient, safe, sustainable, shockproof and sound: sufficient, to meet needs and preferences of people; safe, to provide nutritional benefit while posing minimal health risks; sustainable, to provide food now and for future generations; shock-proof, to provide resilience to shocks in production systems and supply chains; and sound, to meet legal and ethical standards for welfare of animals, people and environment. Here, we present an integrated assessment of these elements of the aquatic food system in the United Kingdom, a system linked to dynamic global networks of producers, processors and markets. Our assessment addresses sufficiency of supply from aquaculture, fisheries and trade; safety of supply given biological, chemical and radiation hazards; social, economic and environmental sustainability of production systems and supply chains; system resilience to social, economic and environmental shocks; welfare of fish, people and environment; and the authenticity of food. Conventionally, these aspects of the food system are not assessed collectively, so information supporting our assessment is widely dispersed. Our assessment reveals trade-offs and challenges in the food system that are easily overlooked in sectoral analyses of fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and environment. We highlight potential benefits of an integrated, systematic and ongoing process to assess security of the aquatic food system and to predict impacts of social, economic and environmental change on food supply and demand

NETWORK SCIENCE: Hoop Network. Activity guide for facilitators

Crosscutting Concept 4. Systems and system models. A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. Objective: Youth will demonstrate how parts of a network are interdependent. This guide is designed to give activity leaders the core themes for using network models to analyze systems. The basic network ideas and skills in this activity can be used in numerous career paths to study patterns of behavior and reveal hidden connections. Sociologists, computer scientists, biologists, anthropologists, engineers, neuroscientists, and many others can use network science in their work

NETWORK SCIENCE: Me & My Network. Activity guide for facilitators

Crosscutting Concept 4. Systems and system models. A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. Objective -- Youth will model their social connections as systems related to their identities. Youth will be able to understand the social relationships in their lives as part of social systems related to their identities and model these social systems as ego-networks

NETWORK SCIENCE: String Network. Activity guide for facilitators

Crosscutting Concept 4. Systems and system models. A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. Youth will understand and demonstrate the importance of building and recognizing connections in a community. They will make a network model that reveals connections that may seem invisible until youth trace them. Youth will learn about the concept of ‘six degrees of separation/small worlds’ (i.e., how we may be connected to people far away through our friends’ friends)