Exposure to political disparagement humor and its impact on trust in politicians: How long does it last?

Indexación: Scopus.The experimental research that looks into the effects of political humor on an individual's attitudes toward politics and politicians does not evaluate its long-term effects. With this in mind, this study aims to determine the possible effects that being exposed to humor which belittles politicians may have on an ordinary citizen's trust in them, while at the same time it observes the possible effects that such exposure has on them and the time such effects last. Two hypotheses were tested. The first one was that humor involves less cognitive elaboration, which leads to a short-term impact on the perception of the individual. The second one was that the repetition of a message can augment the swing of such message. Also, a series of elements regarding disposition toward politicians and political affiliation were considered. Two experiments were designed. The first experiment, (N = 94), considered three groups: one exposed to political disparagement humor; one control group exposed to disparagement humor against non-politician subjects; and a control group exposed to a non-humorous political video. Trust in politicians was evaluated first at baseline, then immediately after the experimental manipulation, and once again a week after the experimental manipulation had happened. In the second experiment (N = 146), participants were randomly assigned to one experimental and two control groups. The trust in politicians of the three groups was estimated and they were sent political cartoons, non-political cartoons, and newspaper headlines regarding political topics twice a day for a week via WhatsApp. Trust in politicians among the three groups was assessed again after 1 week, and for a third time 1 week after that. As a result, it was observed that a one-off exposure to political disparagement humor affects trust in politicians negatively; however, the effect it attains is short-lived and can be explained through the political content of the item and not only humor. Also, being exposed to cartoons constantly for a week had no impact whatsoever on the way politics and politicians were perceived during the time the experiment was carried out. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02236/ful

The karyotype of Lapageria rosea Ruiz et Pav. (Liliales: Philesiaceae)

Lapageria rosea Ruiz et Pav. showed an asymmetric and bimodal karyotype 2n = 2x = 30, with three metacentric, six submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosome pairs. One B chromosome pair was also observed. The total chromosome length (2n) was 131.3 + 0.22 μm

El aula, una instancia para crear vínculos que nos permitan crecer

Este trabajo tiene como propósito interrogarnos por la escuela y, dentro de esta, por ese espacio denominado aula, espacio creador de vínculos. Recrear y revalidar la consubstancialidad de tres conceptos claves en la formación de los sujetos: educación, orientación y vocación. Desde mi experiencia docente, creemos en la posibilidad de que, en este espacio, es posible lograr un desarrollo integral de nuestros educandos, el cual les permita asumir una toma de decisiones, tanto en sus derechos como en sus deberes, desde la perspectiva de una educación considerada como una “situación gnoseológica

El concepto jurisprudencial de empresa en Chile. Analisis y confrontacion de su contenido en el Derecho Comercial y en Materia Laboral

72 p.El objetivo de esta Memoria de Prueba, es analizar el concepto de empresa manejado por los tribunales superiores de justicia de nuestro país, en el ámbito del Derecho Comercial, durante los últimos seis años, con la finalidad de confrontarlo con la noción jurisprudencial de empresa en el terreno laboral, determinando sus similitudes, diferencias y eventuales implicancias. El método de investigación, consistió en un análisis deductivo de las sentencias recopiladas, discriminando y clasificando los contenidos preponderantes que se le otorgan a la palabra empresa, para luego contrastarlas con lo dispuesto en materia laboral. Existen distintos conceptos jurisprudenciales de empresa entre las disciplinas jurídicas estudiadas. La jurisprudencia comercial, en general, no discute el concepto de empresa, inclinándose por diversas teorías que ha elaborado la doctrina comercial. Por otro lado, la jurisprudencia laboral dispone otras formas de entender la empresa, mas amplias y orientadas por principios fácticos que pretenden resguardar los derechos laborales

La obligación solidaria pasiva y debido proceso

El presente artículo analiza algunos de los problemas procesales que surgen en la reclamación judicial de la solidaridad pasiva, a partir de la tesis de pluralidad de vínculos que se asigna a la obligación solidaria. El objetivo es explicar el comportamiento de la cosa juzgada, la litispendencia, la legitimación y la prejudicialidad, considerando el contenido de la garantía del debido proceso.This article analyzes some procedural problems related to joint and several liability legal action, which arise from the thesis that multiple obligors are bound by the same obligation towards an obligee when such liability is declared. The purpose of this article to explain those problems with regard to res judicata, lis pendens, standing and binding judgements, taking into account the right to due process of law

Insect diversity, community composition and damage index on wild and cultivated murtilla

Plant domestication is a process in which plants’ chemical defenses that help them cope with herbivores might decline. Consequences of this process could be reflected in an increase in insect pests. Therefore, we carried out a survey to contrast the diversity, damage indexes and insect assemblages between cultivated and wild "Murtilla" (Ugni molinae) plants. The main scientific question put forward in this paper is as follows: Is there a decrease in diversity and an increase in both insect assemblages and damage indexes associated with the domestication process in U. molinae plants? The objective of this report was to compare the structure of a taxonomic assemblage collected in both wild and cultivated plants and their temporal variation over the year. Seven ecotypes and their respective wild populations were selected for these studies. The results showed higher insect assemblages in wild parents (77.35%) vs. cultivated (22.7%). The damage indexes were also higher in wild plants (0.23). The diversity indexes according to Margalef (12.98), the Shannon index (5.15) and the Simpson index (19.04) were higher in wild plants. Moreover, approximately 60 species were determínate. We detected changes in insect assemblages, damage and diversity indexes that could suggest that murtilla domestication has altered insect assemblages.M. Chacón-Fuentes, M. Lizama, L. Parra, I Seguel y A. Quiroz. 2016. Diversidad, composición de la comunidad de insectos e índice de daño, en murtillas silvestres y cultivadas. Cien. Inv. Agr. 43(1):57-67. La domesticación vegetal es un proceso en el cual las plantas pueden disminuir su nivel de defensas químicas para combatir herbívoros. Algunas de las posibles consecuencias podrían reflejarse en un incremento en el número y en la diversidad de insectos. Por lo tanto, se realizó un "survey" para comparar el índice de daño y la diversidad de insectos en plantas cultivadas y silvestres de murtilla (Ugni molinae). La principal interrogante de este trabajo fue: ¿La domesticación en plantas de murtilla, disminuirá la diversidad e incrementará el índice de daño y la comunidad de insectos? El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la población de insectos asociada a plantas silvestres y cultivadas además de analizar su variación durante el año. Siete ecotipos y sus correspondientes contrapartes silvestres fueron seleccionadas para este estudio. Los resultados mostraron un mayor número de insectos en plantas silvestres (77,35%) vs. (22,7%) cultivadas. El índice de daño fue mayor en plantas silvestres (0,23) comparada con plantas cultivadas. El índice de Margalef mostró la mayor riqueza de insectos en plantas cultivadas. Sin embargo, el índice de Shannon fue mayor (5.15) en plantas silvestres. Además, cerca de 60 especies de insectos fueron determinadas. Se detectaron cambios en la comunidad de insectos, índices de daño y diversidad que podrían sugerir que la domesticación en murtilla ha alterado la comunidad de insectos

Thirty Meter Telescope Site Testing I: Overview

As part of the conceptual and preliminary design processes of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), the TMT site testing team has spent the last five years measuring the atmospheric properties of five candidate mountains in North and South America with an unprecedented array of instrumentation. The site testing period was preceded by several years of analyses selecting the five candidates, Cerros Tolar, Armazones and Tolonchar in northern Chile; San Pedro Martir in Baja California, Mexico and the 13 North (13N) site on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Site testing was concluded by the selection of two remaining sites for further consideration, Armazones and Mauna Kea 13N. It showed that all five candidates are excellent sites for an extremely large astronomical observatory and that none of the sites stands out as the obvious and only logical choice based on its combined properties. This is the first article in a series discussing the TMT site testing project.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASP, April 2009 issu

Coupling planktonic and benthic shifts during a bloom of Alexandrium catenella in southern Chile:Implications for bloom dynamics and recurrence

Cell abundances and distributions of Alexandrium catenella resting cysts in recent sediments were studied along time at two locations in the Chilean Inland Sea exposed to different oceanographic conditions: Low Bay, which is much more open to the ocean than the more interior and protected Ovalada Island. The bloom began in interior areas but maximum cyst concentrations were recorded in locations more open to the ocean, at the end of the Moraleda channel. Our results showed a time lapse of around 3 months from the bloom peak (planktonic population) until the number of resting cysts in the sediments reached a maximum. Three months later, less than 10% of the A. catenella cysts remained in the sediments. Maximum cyst numbers in the water column occurred one month after the planktonic peak, when no cells were present. The dinoflagellate assemblage at both study sites was dominated by heterotrophic cysts, except during the A. catenella bloom. CCA analyses of species composition and environmental factors indicated that the frequency of A. catenella blooms was associated with low temperatures, but not with salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and predator presence (measured as clam biomass). However, resting cyst distribution was only related to cell abundance and location. The occurrence of A. catenella cysts was also associated with that of cysts from the toxic species Protoceratium reticulatum. By shedding light on the ecological requirements of A. catenella blooms, our observations support the relevance of encystment as a mechanism of bloom termination and show a very fast depletion of cysts from the sediments (<3 months), which suggest a small role for resting cyst deposits in the recurrence of A. catenella blooms in this area.Postprin