Variações diurnas da emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo sobre diferentes manejos pós-colheita da cana-de-açúcar.

bitstream/item/69062/1/098-moitinho-variacoes.pdfPublicado também no Cadernos de Agroecologia, v. 7, n.2, 2012

Desempenho da cultura do feijão-caupi sob efeitos de adubos verdes em Itaquiraí, Mato Grosso do Sul.

bitstream/item/68912/1/043-moitinho-desempenho.pdfPublicado também no Cadernos de Agroecologia, v. 7, n.2, 2012

Soil and crop residue CO2-C emission under tillage systems in sugarcane-producing areas of southern Brazil

Appropriate management of agricultural crop residues could result in increases on soil organic carbon (SOC) and help to mitigate gas effect. To distinguish the contributions of SOC and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) residues to the short-term CO2-C loss, we studied the influence of several tillage systems: heavy offset disk harrow (HO), chisel plow (CP), rotary tiller (RT), and sugarcane mill tiller (SM) in 2008, and CP, RT, SM, moldboard (MP), and subsoiler (SUB) in 2009, with and without sugarcane residues relative to no-till (NT) in the sugarcane producing region of Brazil. Soil CO2-C emissions were measured daily for two weeks after tillage using portable soil respiration systems. Daily CO2-C emissions declined after tillage regardless of tillage system. In 2008, total CO2-C from SOC and/or residue decomposition was greater for RT and lowest for CP. In 2009, emission was greatest for MP and CP with residues, and smallest for NT. SOC and residue contributed 47 % and 41 %, respectively, to total CO2-C emissions. Regarding the estimated emissions from sugarcane residue and SOC decomposition within the measurement period, CO2-C factor was similar to sugarcane residue and soil organic carbon decomposition, depending on the tillage system applied. Our approach may define new emission factors that are associated to tillage operations on bare or sugarcane-residue-covered soils to estimate the total carbon loss

Soil Co 2 Emission Of Sugarcane Fields As Affected By Topography

The spatial and temporal variation of soil CO 2 emission is influenced by several soil attributes related to CO 2 production and its diffusion in the soil. However, few studies aiming to understand the effect of topography on the variability of CO 2 emissions exist, especially for cropping areas of tropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes of soil CO 2 emission and its relation to soil attributes in an area currently cropped with sugarcane under different relief forms and slope positions. Mean CO 2 emissions in the studied period (seven months) varied between 0.23 and 0.71, 0.27 and 0.90, and 0.31 and 0.80 g m -2 h -1 of CO 2 for concave (Cone), backslope (BackS) and footslope (FootS) positions, respectively. The temporal variability of CO 2 emissions in each area was explained by an exponential relation between the CO 2 emission and soil temperature and a linear relation between CO 2 emission and soil water content. The Q 10 values were 1.98 (± 0.34), 1.81 (± 0.49) and 1.71 (± 0.31) for Conc, BackS and FootS, respectively. Bulk density, macroporosity, penetration resistance, aggregation and oxidizable organic carbon content explain the changes in soil CO 2 emission observed, especially when the Cone position was compared to BackS. The effect of relief form and topographic position on soil CO 2 emission variation was dependent on the time of measurement.6617783ALVENÄS, G., JANSSON, P.E., Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil: Calibration and sensitivity analysis (1997) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 88, pp. 47-56BERNOUX, M., CARVALHO, M.C.S., VOLKOFF, B., CERRI, C.C., CO 2 emission from mineral soils following land-cover change in Brazil (2001) Global Change Biology, 7, pp. 779-787BERNOUX, M., CARVALHO, M.C.S., VOLKOFF, B., CERRI, C.C., Brazil's soil carbon stocks (2002) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, pp. 888-896CAMPOS, D.C., (2003) Potencialidade do sistema de colheita sem queima da cana-de-açúcar para o seqüestro de carbono, , Piracicaba: USP/ESALQ, 103p, Doutorado(2007) Acompanhamento da safra brasileira de cana-de-açúcar, , http://www.conab.gov.br/conabweb/download/safra/3-levantamento0708-nov2007.pdf, COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO, CONAB, safra, terceiro levantamento, novembro/. Available at:, Accessed 21 Jan. 2008. 2008DANIELS, R.B., HAMMER, R.D., Soil geomorphology (1992) New York: Jonh Wiley, , 236pDAVIDSON, E.A., JANSSENS, I.A., Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change (2006) Nature, 440, pp. 165-173DeJONG, E., Soil aeration as affected by slope position and vegetative cover (1981) Soil Science, 131, pp. 34-43Manual de métodos de análise de solo (1997) Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa/CNPS, , EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA, 2 ed, 212pManual de métodos de análise do solo (1979) Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa-SNLCS, , EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA, 247pEPRON, D., BOSC, A., BONAL, D., FREYCON, V., Spatial variation of soil respiration across a topographic gradient in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana (2006) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 22, pp. 565-574FANG, C., MONCRIEFF, J.B., GHOLZ, H.X., CLARK, K.L., Soil CO 2 efflux and its spatial variation in a Florida slash pine plantation (1998) Plant Soil, 205, pp. 135-146FANG, C., MONCRIEFF, J.B., The dependence of soil CO 2 efflux on temperature (2001) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33, pp. 155-165FANG, C., MONCRIEFF, J.B., A model for soil CO 2 production and transport. 1. 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Japanese Journal of Ecology, v.53, p.13-22, 2003KANG, S., LEE, D., LEE, J., RUNNING, S.W., Topographic and climatic controls on soil environments and net primary in a rugged temperate hardwood forest in Korea (2006) Ecological Research, 21, pp. 64-74KANG, S., DOH, S., LEE, D., LEE, D., JIN, V.L., KIMBALL, J., Topographic and climatic controls on soil respiration in six temperate mixed-hardwood forest slopes, Korea (2003) Global Change Biology, 9, pp. 1427-1437KANG, S., KIM, S., DOH, S., LEE, D., Predicting spatial and temporal patterns of soil temperature based on topography, surface cover and air temperature (2000) Forest Ecology and Management, 136, pp. 173-184KEMPER, W.D.ROSENAU, R.C. Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: KLUTE, A. (Ed.) Methods of soil analysis. 2 ed. Madison: ASA, 1986. p.425-441. (Agronomy Monography, 9)KOSUGI, Y., MITANI, T., ITOH, M., NOGUCHI, S., TANI, M., MATSUO, N., TAKANASHI, S., NIK, A.R., Spatial and temporal variation in soil respiration in a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest (2007) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 147, pp. 35-47LA SCALA JÚNIOR, N.MARQUES JÚNIOR, J.PEREIRA, G.T.CORÁ, J.E. Carbon dioxide emission related to chemical properties of a tropical bare soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v.32, p.1469-1473, 2000LI, H., YAN, J., YUE, X., WANG, M., Significance of soil temperature and moisture for soil respiration in a Chinese mountain area (2008) Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 148, pp. 490-503LLOYD, J., TAYLOR, J.A., On the temperature-dependence of soil respiration (1994) Functional Ecology, 8, pp. 315-323OADES, J.M., Soil organic matter and structural stability: Mechanisms and implications for management (1984) Plant and Soil, 76, pp. 319-337PARKIN, T.B., KASPAR, T.C., SENWO, Z., PRUEGER, J.H., HATFIELD, J.L., Relationship of soil respiration to crop and landscape in the walnut creek watershed (2005) Journal of Hydrometeorology, 6, pp. 812-824PENG, Y., THOMAS, S.C., Soil CO 2 efflux in uneven-aged managed forests: Temporal patterns following harvest and effects of edaphic Heterogeneity (2006) Plant and Soil, 289, pp. 253-264RAIJ, B., van, QUAGGIO, J.A., CANTARELLA, H., FERREIRA, M.E., LOPES, A.S., BATAGLIA, C.O., (1987) Análise química do solo para fins de fertilidade, , Campinas: Fundação Cargill, 170pRAICH, J.W., SCHLESINGER, W.H., The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to climate (1992) Tellus, 44 B, pp. 81-99RETH, S., MARKUS, R., FALGE, E., The effect of soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH-value and the root mass on soil CO 2 efflux: A modified model (2005) Plant and Soil, 268, pp. 21-33RISCH, A.C., FRANK, D.A., Carbon dioxide fluxes in a spatially and temporally heterogeneous temperate grassland (2006) Oecologia, 147, pp. 291-302(1998) SAS/STAT: User's guide, , SAS INSTITUTE, Cary: SAS InstituteSCHWERTMANN, U., TAYLOR, R.M., Iron oxides (1989) Minerals in soil environments, pp. 379-438. , DIXON, J. 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(2003) Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 27, pp. 1067-1074SOUZA, Z.M., MARQUES JÚNIOR, J., PEREIRA, G.T., MOREIRA, L.F., Influência da pedoforma na variabilidade espacial de alguns atributos físicos e hídricos de um Latossolo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. (2004) Irriga, 9, pp. 1-11SOUZA, Z.M., MARQUES JÚNIOR, J., PEREIRA, G.T., BARBIERI, D.M., Small relief shape variations influence spatial varaibility of soil chemival attributes (2006) Scientia agricola, 63, pp. 161-168SOUZA, Z.M., MARQUES JÚNIOR, J., PEREIRA, G.T., Variabilidade espacial da estabilidade de agregados e matéria orgânica em solos de relevos diferentes. (2004) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 39, pp. 491-499SOUZA, Z.M., MARQUES JÚNIOR, J., PEREIRA, G.T., BENTO, M.J.C., Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. (2004) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 8, pp. 51-58STOLF, R., Teoria e teste experimental de fórmulas de transformação dos dados de penetrômetro de impacto em resistência do solo. (1991) Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 15, pp. 229-235XU, M., QI, Y., Soil-surface CO 2 efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California (2001) Global Change Biology, 7, pp. 667-677YOO, G., SPOMIER, L.A., WANDER, M.M., Regulation of carbon mineralization rates by soil structure and water in an agricultural field and a prairie-like soil (2006) Geoderma, 135, pp. 16-25ZAR, J.H., (1999) Biostatistical analysis, , 4 ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 718

Efeito da palha sobre a emissão de CO2 do solo em áreas de cana-de-açúcar.

Publicado também em: Cadernos de Agroecologia, v. 11, n. 2, 2016

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Allergen Micro-Bead Array for IgE Detection: A Feasibility Study Using Allergenic Molecules Tested on a Flexible Multiplex Flow Cytometric Immunoassay

Background: Allergies represent the most prevalent non infective diseases worldwide. Approaching IgE-mediated sensitizations improved much by adopting allergenic molecules instead of extracts, and by using the micro-technology for multiplex testing. Objective and Methods: To provide a proof-of-concept that a flow cytometric bead array is a feasible mean for the detection of specific IgE reactivity to allergenic molecules in a multiplex-like way. A flow cytometry Allergenic Moleculebased micro-bead Array system (ABA) was set by coupling allergenic molecules with commercially available micro-beads. Allergen specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, as well as samples from 167 allergic patients, characterized by means of the ISAC microarray system, were used as means to show the feasibility of the ABA. Three hundred and thirty-six sera were tested for 1 or more of the 16 selected allergens, for a total number of 1,519 tests on each of the two systems. Results: Successful coupling was initially verified by detecting the binding of rabbit polyclonal IgG, mouse monoclonal, and pooled human IgE toward three allergens, namely nDer s 1, nPen m 1, and nPru p 3. The ABA assay showed to detect IgE t

First-order decay models to describe soil C-CO2 Loss after rotary tillage

To further understand the impact of tillage on CO2 emission, the applicability of two conceptual models was tested, which describe the CO2 emission after tillage as a function of the non-tilled emission plus a correction due to the tillage disturbance. Models assume that C in readily decomposable organic matter follows a first-order reaction kinetics equation as: dCsoil (t) / dt = -k Csoil (t), and that soil C-CO2 emission is proportional to the C decay rate in soil, where Csoil(t) is the available labile soil C (g m-2) at any time (t) and k is the decay constant (time-1). Two possible assumptions were tested to determine the tilled (F T) fluxes: the decay constants (k) of labile soil C before and after tillage are different (Model 1) or not (Model 2). Accordingly, C flux relationships between non-tilled (F NT) and tilled (F T) conditions are given by: F T = F NT + a1 e-a2t (model 1) and F T = a3 F NT e-a4t (model 2), where t is time after tillage. Predicted and observed CO2 fluxes presented good agreement based on the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.91). Model comparison revealed a slightly improved statistical fit of model 2, where all C pools are assigned with the same k constant. Rotary speed was related to increases in the amount of labile C available and to changes of the mean resident labile C pool available after tillage. This approach allows describing the temporal variability of tillage-induced emissions by a simple analytical function, including non-tilled emission plus an exponential term modulated by tillage and environmentally dependent parameters.Para entendimento do impacto do preparo do solo sobre as emissões de CO2 desenvolvemos e aplicamos dois modelos conceituais que são capazes de prever a emissão de CO2 do solo após seu preparo em função da emissão da parcela sem distúrbio, acrescida de uma correção devido ao preparo. Os modelos assumem que o carbono presente na matéria orgânica lábil segue uma cinética de decaimento de primeira ordem, dada pela seguinte equação: dCsoil (t) / dt = -k Csoil (t), e que a emissão de C-CO2 é proporcional a taxa de decaimento do C no solo, onde Csolo(t) é a quantidade de carbono lábil disponível no tempo (t) e k é a constante de decaimento (tempo-1). Duas suposições foram testadas para determinação das emissões após o preparo do solo (Fp): a constante de decaimento do carbono lábil do solo (k) antes e após o preparo é igual (Modelo 1) ou desigual (Modelo 2). Conseqüentemente, a relação entre os fluxos de C das parcelas sem distúrbio (F SD) e onde o preparo do solo foi conduzido (F P) são dadas por: F P = F SD + a1 e-a2t (modelo 1) e F P = a3 F SD e-a4t (modelo 2), onde t é o tempo após o preparo. Fluxos de CO2 previstos e observados relevam um bom ajuste dos resultados com coeficiente de determinação (R²) tão alto quanto 0,91. O modelo 2 produz um ajuste ligeiramente superior quando comparado com o outro modelo. A velocidade das pás da enxada rotativa foi relacionada a um aumento na quantidade de carbono lábil e nas modificações do tempo de residência médio do carbono lábil do solo após preparo. A vantagem desta metodologia é que a variabilidade temporal das emissões induzidas pelo preparo do solo pode ser descrita a partir de uma função analítica simples, que inclui a emissão da parcela sem distúrbio e um termo exponencial modulado por parâmetros dependentes do preparo e de condições ambientais onde o experimento foi conduzido

Efeito do preparo do solo e resíduo da colheita de cana-de-açúcar sobre a emissão de CO2

The soil is one of the main C pools in terrestrial ecosystem, capable of storing significant C amounts. Therefore, understanding the factors that contribute to the loss of CO2 from agricultural soils is critical to determine strategies reducing emissions of this gas and help mitigate the greenhouse effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soil tillage and sugarcane trash on CO2 emissions, temperature and soil moisture during sugarcane (re)planting, over a study period of 15 days. The following managements were evaluated: no-tillage with crop residues left on the soil surface (NTR); without tillage and without residue (NTNR) and tillage with no residue (TNR). The average soil CO2 emission (FCO2) was lowest in NTR (2.16 µmol m-2 s-1), compared to the managements NTNR (2.90 µmol m-2 s-1) and TNR (3.22 µmol m-2 s-1), indicating that the higher moisture and lower soil temperature variations observed in NTR were responsible for this decrease. During the study period, the lowest daily average FCO2 was recorded in NTR (1.28 µmol m-2 s-1), and the highest in TNR (6.08 µmol m-2 s-1), after rainfall. A loss of soil CO2 was lowest from the management NTR (367 kg ha-1 of CO2-C) and differing significantly (p<0.05) from the managements NTNR (502 kg ha-1 of CO2-C) and TNR (535 kg ha-1 of CO2-C). Soil moisture was the variable that differed most managements and was positively correlated (r = 0.55, p<0.05) with the temporal variations of CO2 emission from NTR and TNR. In addition, the soil temperature differed (p<0.05) only in management NTR (24 °C) compared to NTNR (26 °C) and TNR (26.5 °C), suggesting that under the conditions of this study, sugarcane trash left on the surface induced an average rise in the of soil temperature of 2 ºC.O solo é um dos principais compartimentos de carbono no ecossistema terrestre, capaz de armazenar quantidades expressivas desse elemento e, portanto, a compreensão dos fatores que contribuem para as perdas de CO2 em solos agrícolas é fundamental para determinar estratégias de redução das emissões desse gás e ajudar a mitigar o efeito estufa. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do preparo do solo e da deposição de resíduos da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo, durante a reforma do canavial, ao longo de um período de 15 dias. Os manejos avaliados foram: sem preparo do solo e mantendo os resíduos da colheita sobre a superfície do solo (SPCR); sem preparo do solo e sem resíduo (SPSR) e com preparo do solo e sem resíduo (CPSR). A menor média de emissão de CO2 do solo (FCO2) foi observada no manejo SPCR (2,16 µmol m-2 s-1), quando comparado aos manejos SPSR (2,90 µmol m-2 s-1) e CPSR (3,22 µmol m-2 s-1), indicando que as maiores umidades e menores variações da temperatura do solo, observadas em SPCR, foram os fatores responsáveis por tal diminuição. Durante o período de estudo, a menor média diária da FCO2 foi registrada em SPCR (1,28 µmol m-2 s-1) e a maior em CPSR (6,08 µmol m-2 s-1), após a ocorrência de chuvas. A menor perda de C-CO2 do solo foi observada no manejo SPCR (367 kg ha-1 de C-CO2), diferindo significativamente (p<0,05) dos manejos: SPSR (502 kg ha-1 de C-CO2) e CPSR (535 kg ha-1 de C-CO2). A umidade do solo foi a variável que apresentou valores mais diferenciados entre os manejos, sendo positivamente correlacionada (r = 0,55; p<0,05) com as variações temporais da emissão de CO2 nos manejos SPCR e CPSR. Em adição, a temperatura do solo diferiu (p<0,05) somente no manejo SPCR (24 ºC), quando comparada aos manejos SPSR (26 ºC) e CPSR (26,5 ºC), sugerindo que, para as condições deste estudo, o resíduo da cana-de-açúcar retido sobre a superfície propiciou uma temperatura do solo, em média, 2 ºC mais amena.UNESPEmbrapa Agropecuária OesteUNESP Departamento de MatemáticaUNESP Departamento de Ciências ExatasUNESPUNESP Departamento de MatemáticaUNESP Departamento de Ciências Exata

Soil management of sugarcane fields affecting CO2 fluxes

ABSTRACT The harvesting system of green sugarcane, characterized by mechanized harvesting and no crop burning, affects soil quality by increasing the remaining straw left on the soil surface after harvesting, thus, contributing to the improvement of physical, chemical, and microbiological soil attributes, influencing CO2 fluxes. This study aimed to evaluate CO2 fluxes and their relation to soil properties in sugarcane crops under different harvesting managements: burned (B), Green harvesting for 5 years (G-5) and Green harvesting for ten years (G-10). For this, a 1 ha sampling grid with 30 points was installed in each area, all located in the Northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. In each point, CO2 fluxes were measured and the soil was sampled to analyze the microbial biomass, physical (soil moisture and temperature, mean weight diameter, bulk density, clay, macroporosity and microporosity) and chemical characterization (pH, organic C, base saturation and P). The CO2 fluxes were divided into four quantitative criteria: high, moderate, low and very low from the Statistical Division (mean, first quartile, median and third quartile) and the other data were classified according this criterion. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the main soil attributes that influence CO2 fluxes. The results showed that G-10 CO2 fluxes were 28 and 41 % higher than those in the G-5 and B treatments, respectively. The PCA analysis showed that macroporosity was the main soil attribute that influenced the high CO2 fluxes