Crescimento, produção de fitomassa e teor de óleo essencial de folhas de capim citronela (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido mineiro.

Avaliou-se o crescimento, a produção e o teor do óleo essencial de dois cortes de capim citronela em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido. Para isso foram utilizados dois sistemas de consórcios (tratamentos): algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 3x1 e algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 1x1. A variedade de algodão colorido utilizada foi a BRS Rubi e as mudas de capim citronela foram produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 16 repetições. O experimento foi mantido em regime de sequeiro e foi avaliado a altura das plantas de capim citronela. Foram realizadas duas colheitas das folhas de capim citronela, sendo a primeira no momento da colheita da fibra do algodão e a segunda na rebrota do capim, seis meses após. Todas as plantas da parcela foram colhidas e as folhas frescas foram pesadas, no campo, com o auxílio de balança digital. Amostras das folhas colhidas foram retiradas e levadas para secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 35ºC até atingirem massa constante. Foi verificada a massa seca e posteriormente realizada a extração do óleo essencial pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho modificado de Clevenger. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Skott-Knott (p<0,05). A altura das plantas não diferiu entre os tratamentos nas colheitas. Para a produção de massa fresca e seca houve diferença entre os tratamentos apenas na segunda colheita. Neste caso, as plantas cultivadas em consórcio 1x1 produziram mais do que as do consórcio 3x1. O teor de óleo essencial de capim citronela não variou entre os dois sistemas de consórcio, tanto no primeiro como no segundo corte

Herbicides doses in the defoliation of common bean to anticipate mechanized harvesting.

Background: The use of desiccant herbicides can allow the anticipation of common bean harvesting by providing a reduction in the humidity of plants and grains. Objective: Determine the effect of doses of desiccant herbicides on the moisture content of the plants (stems, leaves and grains), in the 100 grains mass, grain yield and physiological quality of the seeds of two contrasting common bean cultivars. Methods: The experimental design for each cultivar (BRS FC 104, super early cycle, 60 days from sowing to harvesting and BRS Estilo, normal cycle, 90 days from sowing to harvesting) as in randomized blocks in the factorial scheme 4 x 3 x 4, with four replications. Treatments consisted of four herbicides (ammonium glufosinate (200 g L-1 of active ingredient, ai), glyphosate (480 g L -1 of acid equivalent), diquat (200 g L -1 of ai) and paraquat (200 g L-1 of ai), with three doses (200 g L-1, 400 g L-1 and 600 g L-1 of ai per ha for ammonium glufosinate, diquat and paraquat, and 480 g L -1, 960 g L-1 and 1,440 g L-1 of ae per ha for glyphosate) with evaluations of the variables at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days after application of the herbicide. Results: All desiccants used provided faster drying of the botanical structures allowing faster harvesting in relation to control plants. The dosage of 200 g L-1 of the ai ha¹ in the cultivar BRS FC 104 and 1,440 g L-1 of ae per ha for glyphosate and 600 g L -1 of ai per ha for the others dessicants in the cultivar BRS Estilo were those that provided best plant drying. The use of desiccants in plants of common bean did not affect crop grain yield. The dosage of 600 g L -1 of ai per ha of the ammonium glufosinate desiccant provided a reduction in vigor and normal seedlings and an increase in abnormal seedlings in the cultivar BRS FC 104. Conclusion: All desiccant herbicides used allowed anticipation of common bean harvesting

Doses de herbicidas na dessecação do feijoeiro para antecipar a colheita mecanizada.

O uso de herbicidas dessecantes pode permitir a antecipação da colheita mecanizada do feijão, proporcionando redução da umidade das plantas e grãos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o efeito de doses de herbicidas dessecantes sobre o teor de água das plantas (caules, folhas e grãos), na massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos e qualidade fisiológica das sementes de duas cultivares contrastantes de feijão.Evento online

Random regression models for the estimation of genetic and environmental covariance functions for growth traits in Santa Ines sheep.

Abstract: Polynomial functions of different orders were used to model random effects associated with weight of Santa Ines sheep from birth to 196 days. Fixed effects included in the models were contemporary groups, age of ewe at lambing, and fourth-order Legendre polynomials for age to represent the average growth curve. In the random part, functions of different orders were included to model variances associated with direct additive and maternal genetic effects and with permanent environmental effects of the animal and mother. Residual variance was fitted by a sixth-order ordinary polynomial for age. The higher the order of the functions, the better the model fit the data. According to the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio test, a continuous function of order, five, five, seven, and three for direct additive genetic, maternal genetic, animal permanent environmental, and maternal permanent environmental effects (k = 5573), respectively, was sufficient to model changes in (co)variances with age. However, a more parsimonious model of order three, three, five, and three (k = 3353) was suggested based on Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion for the same effects. Since it was a more flexible model, model k = 5573 provided inconsistent genetic parameter estimates when compared to the biologically expected result. Predicted breeding values obtained with models k = 3353 and k = 5573 differed, especially at young ages. Model k = 3353 adequately fit changes in variances and covariances with time, and may be used to describe changes in variances with age in the Santa Ines sheep studied

Stearic acid, beeswax and carnauba wax as green raw materials for the loading of carvacrol into nanostructured lipid carriers

The use of lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has been growing over recent decades. Their biodegradable and biocompatible profile, capacity to prevent chemical degradation of loaded drugs/actives and controlled release for several administration routes are some of their advantages. Lipid nanoparticles are of particular interest for the loading of lipophilic compounds, as happens with essential oils. Several interesting properties, e.g., anti-microbial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities, are attributed to carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol present in the composition of essential oils of several species, including Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Nigellasativa and Origanum majorana. As these essential oils have been proposed as the liquid lipid in the composition of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), we aimed at evaluating the influence of carvacrol on the crystallinity profile of solid lipids commonly in use in the production of NLCs. Different ratios of solid lipid (stearic acid, beeswax or carnauba wax) and carvacrol were prepared, which were then subjected to thermal treatment to mimic the production of NLCs. The obtained binary mixtures were then characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The increased concentration of monoterpenoid in the mixtures resulted in an increase in the mass loss recorded by TG, together with a shift of the melting point recorded by DSC to lower temperatures, and the decrease in the enthalpy in comparison to the bulk solid lipids. The miscibility of carvacrol with the melted solid lipids was also confirmed by DSC in the tested concentration range. The increase in carvacrol content in the mixtures resulted in a decrease in the crystallinity of the solid bulks, as shown by SAXS and PLM. The decrease in the crystallinity of lipid matrices is postulated as an advantage to increase the loading capacity of these carriers. Carvacrol may thus be further exploited as liquid lipid in the composition of green NLCs for a range of pharmaceutical applications.This work was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/Brazil, FinanceCode 001), by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) under the projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nonlinear Spin Dynamics in Ferromagnets with Electron-Nuclear Coupling

Nonlinear spin motion in ferromagnets is considered with nonlinearity due to three factors: (i) the sample is prepared in a strongly nonequilibrium state, so that evolution equations cannot be linearized as would be admissible for spin motion not too far from equilibrium, (ii) the system considered consists of interacting electron and nuclear spins coupled with each other via hyperfine forces, and (iii) the sample is inserted into a coil of a resonant electric circuit producing a resonator feedback field. Due to these nonlinearities, coherent motion of spins can develop, resulting in their ultrafast relaxation. A complete analysis of mechanisms triggering such a coherent motion is presented. This type of ultrafast coherent relaxation can be used for studying intrinsic properties of magnetic materials.Comment: 1 file, LaTex, 23 page

A infância representada no livro escolar: tipos de textos e estereótipos sociais

Esta investigação inscreve-se dominantemente no âmbito dos estudos da criança e ancora a sua área específica nas questões linguísticas, assumindo os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da análise do discurso (de tradição francófona), considerando também contributos de áreas conexas. Analisa textos de manuais/livros escolares usados no sistema de ensino português, pretendendo tornar visíveis as imagens que estes constroem das crianças e da infância, bem como os recursos linguísticos mais relevantes associados a tal construção. Procura desvendar a representatividade das tipologias textuais nos manuais e de que forma estas contribuem para a construção das referidas imagens. Conclui que as crianças dos textos são seres sem voz e sem poder, consumidoras, mas não coprodutoras de cultura, com os textos inculcando valores conformadores da manutenção da ordem social estabelecida, sendo a forma como as tipologias textuais estão organizadas contribuidora para se alcançar esse propósito.This research forms primarily part of the child studies and is based on its specific field of linguistic issues, assuming the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the speech analysis (of French-speaking tradition), having also regard the inputs of related fields. It analyses texts from handbooks/textbooks used on the Portuguese educational system, intending to reveal pictures that these books construct about children and childhood, as well as the most relevant linguistic resources associated with such construction. This paper aims at unravelling the representation of the text typologies in the handbooks and how these can contribute for building of such pictures. From this, one can conclude that children from the texts are voiceless and have no power, they are consumers but not co-producers of culture, with these texts instilling conservative values for maintaining the established social order, but also that the way texts typologies are organized to contribute for reaching that propose.Esta investigación se ensere en el ámbito de los estudios del niño y más precisamente en la área de las cuestiones lingüísticas, asumiendo los presupuestos teóricos e metodológicos de la análisis del discurso (de tradición francófona), considerando también aportes de las áreas conexas. Analiza textos de manuales/libros escolares usados en el sistema de enseñanza portugués, pretendiendo tornar visibles las imágenes que este construyen de los niños y de la infancia, bien como los recursos lingüísticos más relevantes asociados a esa construcción. Busca desvendar la representatividad de las tipologías textuales en los manuales y de qué forma contribuyen para la construcción de las referidas imágenes. Concluye que los niños de los textos son seres sin voz y sin poder, consumidores, pero no coproductores de cultura y que los textos inculcan valores conformadores de manutención del orden social establecido, mas también que la forma como las tipologías textuales están organizadas contribuye para alcanzar ese propósito.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT), Portugal. Fundos Nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) e cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) no âmbito do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, da Universidade do Minho) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A search for point sources of EeV photons

Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky. A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this, assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Ni-62(n,gamma) and Ni-63(n,gamma) cross sections measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN

The cross section of the Ni-62(n,gamma) reaction was measured with the time-of-flight technique at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN. Capture kernels of 42 resonances were analyzed up to 200 keV neutron energy and Maxwellian averaged cross sections (MACS) from kT = 5-100 keV were calculated. With a total uncertainty of 4.5%, the stellar cross section is in excellent agreement with the the KADoNiS compilation at kT = 30 keV, while being systematically lower up to a factor of 1.6 at higher stellar temperatures. The cross section of the Ni-63(n,gamma) reaction was measured for the first time at n_TOF. We determined unresolved cross sections from 10 to 270 keV with a systematic uncertainty of 17%. These results provide fundamental constraints on s-process production of heavier species, especially the production of Cu in massive stars, which serve as the dominant source of Cu in the solar system.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio