Characterization and analysis of packaging waste generated in mealproduction from a public hospital in Porto Alegre, RS

Serviços de alimentação originam muitos resíduos, incluindo embalagens de alimentos, que causam danos ao meio ambiente. Este estudo objetivou quantificar e analisar os resíduos de embalagens na produção de refeições de um hospital público de Porto Alegre, RS. Foram selecionados, pela curva ABC, os alimentos que somaram 90% do consumo de março a junho de 2015. Cinco amostras de embalagens de cada item foram pesadas. Os cálculos foram realizados no programa Microsoft® Office Excel 2010. O total de resíduos gerados foi estimado em 2.710,6kg, sendo 56% de plásticos e 26,8% de metal. Ao diminuir-se o uso especialmente de produtos com embalagens plásticas, que geram as maiores quantidades de resíduos, e reconsiderar-se a oferta de alimentos de baixo valor nutricional, os impactos ambientais negativos observados neste estudo podem ser reduzidos.Food services produce a lot of waste, including food packages, which can cause damage to the environment. This study aimed to quantify and analyze the packaging waste generated in meal production from a public hospital in Porto Alegre, RS. Foodstuffs that, according to the ABC analysis, added up to 90% of the consumption between March and June 2015 were selected for the research. Five package samples of each item were weighed. The calculations were made with Microsoft® Office Excel 2010. The total of waste generated was estimated to be 2.710,6kg, where 56% was plastic, and 26.8% was metal. By lowering the usage especially of products with plastic packaging, which generate the largest amounts of waste, and reassessing the offer of foods of low nutritional value, the negative environmental impacts observed in this study can be reduced

Corporações privadas na educação superior brasileira: Implicações das novas práticas organizacionais

This article analyzes the implications of the adopting the corporate governance model in Brazilian educational groups with actions on the stock exchange and how this form of management affects the teaching work. This documentary research adopted a critical perspective, and the data were treated in the light of content analysis. Our analysis verified that corporate governance presents a complex conjuncture, emerging in the educational arena with the purpose of assisting the owners of private higher education institutions in the accumulation of capital. The insertion of new organizational practices aims to increase the profit margins with less investment and in a short period. However, this way to the growth has direct implications in the professional and personal life of the professor, given that is linked to overexploitation of workers, reduction of salaries, and an increasing number of dismissals at the end of each academic semester. In this way, professors are working in an environment of instability and oppression.Este artículo tiene objetivó analizar las implicaciones de la adopción del modelo de gobernanza corporativa en los grupos educativos brasileños con acciones en la bolsa de valores y cómo esa forma de gestión afecta el trabajo docente Se trata de una investigación documental, que adoptó una perspectiva crítica. Los datos fueron tratados a la luz del análisis de contenido. Se constata que la gobernanza corporativa presenta una coyuntura compleja emergiendo en la arena educativa con el propósito de auxiliar a los propietarios de instituciones de enseñanza superior privadas en la acumulación del capital. La inserción de nuevas prácticas organizacionales busca aumentar los márgenes de beneficio con menos inversión y en un corto período. Sin embargo, ese camino para el crecimiento tiene implicaciones directas en la vida profesional y personal del docente, ya que está vinculado a la superexplotación del trabajador, a la reducción salarial y el número creciente de despidos al término de cada semestre lectivo. De esta forma, los docentes pasaron a actuar en un ambiente de inestabilidad y opresión.Este artigo objetivou analisar as implicações da adoção do modelo de governança corporativa nos grupos educacionais brasileiros com ações na bolsa de valores e como essa forma de gestão afeta o trabalho docente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, que adotou uma perspectiva crítica. Os dados foram tratados à luz da análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que a governança corporativa apresenta uma conjuntura complexa, emergindo na arena educacional com o intuito de auxiliar os proprietários de instituições de ensino superior privadas na acumulação do capital. A inserção de novas práticas organizacionais visa aumentar as margens de lucro com menos investimento e em um curto período. No entanto, esse caminho para o crescimento tem implicações diretas na vida profissional e pessoal do docente, uma vez que está vinculado à superexploração do trabalhador, à redução salarial e ao número crescente de demissões ao término de cada semestre letivo. Dessa feita, os docentes passaram a atuar em um ambiente de instabilidade e opressão

Política Pública e Governança Educacional: o que pensam os gestores do estado e a sociedade civil organizada?

O presente artigo, um estudo exploratório, constituiu-se em uma abordagem qualitativa que discute a política e a governança da educação superior brasileira, em um momento de privatização e redefinição do papel do Estado. Diante do atual contexto de formulação, elaboração e direcionamento das políticas de educação superior, questiona as implicações do modelo contemporâneo de política e governança educacional a partir das percepções dos atores representantes do Estado e da sociedade civil organizada. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental e de campo, utilizando-se das técnicas de análise documental e entrevistas no processo de geração e coleta dos dados. A governança adotou um caráter multiescalar, em que as políticas educacionais não podem mais ser concebidas como reserva exclusiva do Estado-Nação. Embora o Estado ainda permaneça como o ator central e principal, o seu papel está cada vez mais limitado diante do forte lobby do mercado nacional e internacional. No entanto, a efetiva participação da sociedade civil pode resultar em novas perspectivas para o cenário vigente.Palavras-chave: Política pública. Governança educacional. Educação superior

Eu quero saber: 60 perguntas e respostas sobre a COVID-19

COVID-19 is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the first cases were reported in December 2019 in Wuhan Province in China. Subsequently, the virus quickly reached Europe, the United States and landed in Brazil. Even after four months of the first confirmed case in the city of São Paulo (March 4, 2020), many doubts remain or arise as researchers learn more about COVID-19 and the rate at which the disease progresses. Interestingly, the concern about seeking to know more about the new disease and about the measures to combat it began to appear in the speeches and questions of patients and visitors of our Laboratory of the Research Group on Cardiorespiratory Evaluation and Rehabilitation (GECARE) of the Department of Physiotherapy at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). This allowed us to exercise a fundamental approach in the context of health care, to inform from listening to patients' doubts. Break the logic of imposing information. In this sense, GECARE's scientific initiation, master's and doctoral students began to catalog doubts about COVID-19. This happened based on groups of messages maintained with patients during the period of social distance for guidance and monitoring of health conditions. Then, we set up a multiprofessional health team to answer the questions and compiled this 3rd E-book on COVID-19 from our group. We believe that our patients' doubts and the quick question and answer format will allow people in general to know more about the context of COVID-19.A COVID-19 é provocada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 e os primeiros casos foram notificados em dezembro de 2019 na Província de Wuhan na China. Na sequência, rapidamente o vírus alcançou a Europa, Estados Unidos e desembarcou no Brasil. Mesmo depois de quatro meses do primeiro caso confirmado na cidade de São Paulo (04 de março de 2020), muitas dúvidas permanecem ou surgem à medida que os pesquisadores conhecem mais sobre a COVID-19 e na proporção que a doença avança. Interessantemente, a inquietação pela busca em saber mais sobre a nova doença e sobre as medidas para combatê-la começou a surgir nas falas e perguntas dos pacientes e frequentadores do nosso Laboratório do Grupo de Pesquisa em Avaliação e Reabilitação Cardiorrespiratória (GECARE) do Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Isso nos permitiu exercitar uma abordagem fundamental no contexto do cuidado em saúde, informar a partir da escuta das dúvidas dos pacientes. Quebrar a lógica da imposição da informação. Neste sentido, os alunos de iniciação científica, mestrado e doutorado do GECARE começaram a catalogar as dúvidas sobre a COVID-19. Isso aconteceu a partir dos grupos de mensagens mantidos com os pacientes durante o período de distanciamento social para orientações e acompanhamento das condições de saúde. Na sequência, montamos um time multiprofissional de saúde para responder as questões e compilamos neste 3º E-book sobre COVID-19 do nosso grupo. Acreditamos que as dúvidas dos nossos pacientes e o formato rápido de perguntas e respostas permitirão que as pessoas em geral possam conhecer mais sobre o contexto da COVID-19

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology

In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics