RELIGIÃO E POLÍTICAS INDIGENISTASNO NORDESTE COLONIAL

O presente artigo aborda dois contextos significativos para a história dos índios do Nordeste – os aldeamentos jesuíticos e o Diretório Pombalino – destacando, sobretudo, as concepções neles vigentes sobre a religiosidade desses povos, expressas em suas respectivas políticas indigenistas. Nossa reflexão se assenta na perspectiva de (re)pensar o contato entre índios e colonizadores, distanciando-nos da velha tendência de situá-los em categorias monolíticas, antagônicas. Trata-se de uma releitura do passado e do presente das sociedades indígenas, analisando os processos de resistência, adaptação e mudança, abandonando a velha dicotomia entre a permanência de uma tradição imemorial, de um lado, e a diluição da identidade indígena por meio de mecanismos de aculturação, de outro. Essas premissas tornam-se fundamentais para o estudo da religiosidade dos índios nordestinos, especialmente para as pesquisas sobre Jurema. Analisamos, no presente artigo, as referências a este fenômeno religioso em documentos do período colonial, com ênfase no documento que institui, no século XVIII, o Diretório Pombalino na Capitania de Pernambuco

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Danos de Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em seis cultivares de pessegueiro em Araucária, Paraná Damages of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in six peach orchards cultivars in Aracuária, Paraná

Estudaram-se a ocorrência e os danos de Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em pomar comercial de pessegueiros com seis cultivares de ciclos de maturação de frutos precoce ('São Pedro'), médio ('Chimarrita', 'Ouro', 'Coral' e 'Marli') e tardio ('BR II'), no município de Araucária-PR. Foram sorteadas cinco plantas por cultivar para serem avaliados os danos em brotações e frutos. Os danos foram acumulados e avaliados em três fases: pré-raleio, endurecimento do caroço e colheita. Os resultados mostraram que houve um nível diferenciado no ataque de G. molesta em brotações e frutos, entre as cultivares. As avaliações de danos em brotações mostraram que, até a fase de colheita, a cultivar Ouro foi a mais atacada, sendo superada pela 'Chimarrita' quando se inclui os danos ocorridos na fase pós-colheita. Em frutos, a 'Marli' apresentou o maior número de pêssegos danificados entre as seis cultivares avaliadas.<br>This paper deals with the occurrence and damage of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a commercial peach orchard with six cultivars of different fruit ripening cycles: precocious ('São Pedro '), medium ('Chimarrita ', 'Ouro ', 'Coral ' and 'Marli ') and late ('BR II '), in Araucaria, State of Paraná, Brazil. Five plants of each cultivar were selected for evaluating the damages in shoots and fruits. The damages were accumulated and evaluated in three phases: previous thinning, stone hardening and harvesting. The results were as follows: the cultivar "Ouro" was the most damaged one up to the harvesting phase, although 'Chimarrita' surpassed 'Ouro' when the damages observed in the post-harvesting phase were included. Among the six cultivars, 'Marli' was the one presenting the highest number of damaged fruits

Identification of human chromosome 22 transcribed sequences with ORF expressed sequence tags

Transcribed sequences in the human genome can be identified with confidence only by alignment with sequences derived from cDNAs synthesized from naturally occurring mRNAs. We constructed a set of 250,000 cDNAs that represent partial expressed gene sequences and that are biased toward the central coding regions of the resulting transcripts. They are termed ORF expressed sequence tags (ORESTES). The 250,000 ORESTES were assembled into 81,429 contigs. Of these, 1,181 (1.45%) were found to match sequences in chromosome 22 with at least one ORESTES contig for 162 (65.6%) of the 247 known genes, for 67 (44.6%) of the 150 related genes, and for 45 of the 148 (30.4%) EST-predicted genes on this chromosome. Using a set of stringent criteria to validate our sequences, we identified a further 219 previously unannotated transcribed sequences on chromosome 22. Of these, 171 were in fact also defined by EST or full length cDNA sequences available in GenBank but not utilized in the initial annotation of the first human chromosome sequence. Thus despite representing less than 15% of all expressed human sequences in the public databases at the time of the present analysis, ORESTES sequences defined 48 transcribed sequences on chromosome 22 not defined by other sequences. All of the transcribed sequences defined by ORESTES coincided with DNA regions predicted as encoding exons by genscan. (http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html)

Resolving the dark matter of ABCA4 for 1054 Stargardt disease probands through integrated genomics and transcriptomics

Purpose: Missing heritability in human diseases represents a major challenge, and this is particularly true for ABCA4-associated Stargardt disease (STGD1). We aimed to elucidate the genomic and transcriptomic variation in 1054 unsolved STGD and STGD-like probands. Methods: Sequencing of the complete 128-kb ABCA4 gene was performed using single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs), based on a semiautomated and cost-effective method. Structural variants (SVs) were identified using relative read coverage analyses and putative splice defects were studied using in vitro assays. Results: In 448 biallelic probands 14 known and 13 novel deep-intronic variants were found, resulting in pseudoexon (PE) insertions or exon elongations in 105 alleles. Intriguingly, intron 13 variants c.1938-621G>A and c.1938-514G>A resulted in dual PE insertions consisting of the same upstream, but different downstream PEs. The intron 44 variant c.6148-84A>T resulted in two PE insertions and flanking exon deletions. Eleven distinct large deletions were found, two of which contained small inverted segments. Uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1 was identified in one proband. Conclusion: Deep sequencing of ABCA4 and midigene-based splice assays allowed the identification of SVs and causal deep-intronic variants in 25% of biallelic STGD1 cases, which represents a model study that can be applied to other inherited diseases.Fil: Khan, Mubeen. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Cornelis, Stéphanie S.. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Del Pozo Valero, Marta. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz; España. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Whelan, Laura. Trinity College; Estados UnidosFil: Runhart, Esmee H.. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Mishra, Ketan. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Bults, Femke. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: AlSwaiti, Yahya. St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group; Palestina (ANP)Fil: AlTalbishi, Alaa. St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group; Palestina (ANP)Fil: De Baere, Elfride. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Banfi, Sandro. Seconda Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli; ItaliaFil: Banin, Eyal. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; IsraelFil: Bauwens, Miriam. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Ben Yosef, Tamar. The Ruth And Bruce Rappaport Faculty Of Medicine; IsraelFil: Boon, Camiel J. F.. Leiden University. Leiden University Medical Center; Países BajosFil: van den Born, L. Ingeborgh. Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute; Países BajosFil: Defoort, Sabine. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Devos, Aurore. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Dockery, Adrian. Trinity College; Estados UnidosFil: Dudakova, Lubica. Charles University and General University Hospital; República ChecaFil: Fakin, Ana. Charles University and General University Hospital; República ChecaFil: Farrar, G. Jane. Trinity College; Estados UnidosFil: Ferraz Sallum, Juliana Maria. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Fujinami, Kaoru. UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; Reino UnidoFil: Gilissen, Christian. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Glavac, Damjan. University of Ljubljana; EsloveniaFil: Gorin, Michael B.. University of California at Los Angeles. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Greenberg, Jacquie. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Hayashi, Takaaki. The Jikei University School of Medicine; JapónFil: Hettinga, Ymkje M.. Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders; Países BajosFil: Hoischen, Alexander. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Hoyng, Carel B.. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Hufendiek, Karsten. University Eye Hospital Hannover Medical School; AlemaniaFil: Jägle, Herbert. University Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Kamakari, Smaragda. OMMA Ophthalmological Institute of Athens; GreciaFil: Karali, Marianthi. Seconda Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli; ItaliaFil: Kellner, Ulrich. No especifíca;Fil: Klaver, Caroline C. W.. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Kousal, Bohdan. Charles University and General University Hospital; República ChecaFil: Lamey, Tina M.. University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: MacDonald, Ian M.. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Matynia, Anna. University of California at Los Angeles. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: McLaren, Terri L.. University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: Mena, Marcela D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Meunier, Isabelle. Université Montpellier II; FranciaFil: Miller, Rianne. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Newman, Hadas. Universitat Tel Aviv; IsraelFil: Ntozini, Buhle. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Oldak, Monika. No especifíca;Fil: Pieterse, Marc. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Podhajcer, Osvaldo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Puech, Bernard. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Ramesar, Raj. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Rüther, Klaus. No especifíca;Fil: Salameh, Manar. No especifíca;Fil: Salles, Mariana Vallim. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Sharon, Dror. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; IsraelFil: Simonelli, Francesca. Seconda Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli; ItaliaFil: Spital, Georg. No especifíca;Fil: Steehouwer, Marloes. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Szaflik, Jacek P.. No especifíca;Fil: Thompson, Jennifer A.. No especifíca;Fil: Thuillier, Caroline. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Tracewska, Anna M.. No especifíca;Fil: van Zweeden, Martine. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países BajosFil: Vincent, Andrea L.. University of Auckland; Nueva ZelandaFil: Zanlonghi, Xavier. No especifíca;Fil: Liskova, Petra. Charles University and General University Hospital; República ChecaFil: Stöhr, Heidi. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: De Roach, John N.. University of Western Australia; AustraliaFil: Ayuso, Carmen. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz; EspañaFil: Roberts, Lisa. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Weber, Bernhard H. F.. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Dhaenens, Claire Marie. Universite Lille; FranciaFil: Cremers, Frans P. M.. Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Países Bajo