A Case Study Analysis of the “Letter from Birmingham Jail”: Conceptualizing the Conscience of King through the Lens of Paulo Freire

The pedagogical qualities of Martin King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” can be observed through the lens of Paulo Freire as his illustration of thematic universe’s can be used as a framework to contextualize the conscience of King. King encountered obstacles, in his contemporary context, to his self-actualization that once cognitively subjugated were transformative to his being. Three questions are explored: What manifestations led to the writing of the “Letter from Birmingham Jail”? What were King’s transformative actions? Will an answer to the first help make sense of the second? I endeavor to briefly examine the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” through the lens of Paulo Freire

Results of the Standardized Assessment of Information Literacry Skills (SAILS) for University of Central Oklahoma

In the spring of 2010, the UCO Library recruited 553 UCO students to participate in the SAILS Information Literacy test. SAILS is an assessment tool meant to measure Information Literacy skills

High prevalence of exercise-induced stridor during Parkrun: a cross-sectional field-based evaluation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The differential diagnosis for exercise-associated breathlessness is broad, however, when a young athletic individual presents with respiratory symptoms, they are most often prescribed inhaler therapy for presumed exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The purpose of this study was therefore to use a novel sound-based approach to assessment to evaluate the prevalence of exertional respiratory symptoms and characterise abnormal breathing sounds in a large cohort of recreationally active individuals. METHODS: Cross-sectional field-based evaluation of individuals completing Parkrun. PHASE 1: Prerace, clinical assessment and baseline spirometry were conducted. At peak exercise and immediately postrace, breathing was monitored continuously using a smartphone. Recordings were analysed retrospectively and coded for signs of the predominant respiratory noise. PHASE 2: A subpopulation that reported symptoms with at least one audible sign of respiratory dysfunction was randomly selected and invited to attend the laboratory on a separate occasion to undergo objective clinical workup to confirm or refute EIA. RESULTS: Forty-eight participants (22.6%) had at least one audible sign of respiratory dysfunction; inspiratory stridor (9.9%), expiratory wheeze (3.3%), combined stridor+wheeze (3.3%), cough (6.1%). Over one-third of the cohort (38.2%) were classified as symptomatic. Ten individuals attended a follow-up appointment, however, only one had objective evidence of EIA. CONCLUSIONS: The most common audible sign, detected in approximately 1 in 10 individuals, was inspiratory stridor, a characteristic feature of upper airway closure occurring during exercise. Further work is now required to further validate the precision and feasibility of this diagnostic approach in cohorts reporting exertional breathing difficulty

ANALISIS KIMIA KADAR ABU DAN GLUTEN PADA TEPUNG CAKRA KEMBAR, SEGITIGA HIJAU, DAN SEGITIGA BIRU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU UTAMA PEMBUATAN MI INSTAN DI PT INDOFOOD CBP SUKSES MAKMUR TBK. DIVISI NOODLE CABANG SEMARANG

TIDAK AD

Characterization of water and wildlife strains as a subgroup of Campylobacter jejuni using DNA microarrays.

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, but source attribution of the organism is difficult. Previously, DNA microarrays were used to investigate isolate source, which suggested a non-livestock source of infection. In this study we analysed the genome content of 162 clinical, livestock and water and wildlife (WW) associated isolates combined with the previous study. Isolates were grouped by genotypes into nine clusters (C1 to C9). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data demonstrated that livestock associated clonal complexes dominated clusters C1-C6. The majority of WW isolates were present in the C9 cluster. Analysis of previously reported genomic variable regions demonstrated that these regions were linked to specific clusters. Two novel variable regions were identified. A six gene multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay, designed to effectively differentiated strains into clusters, was validated with 30 isolates. A further five WW isolates were tested by mPCR and were assigned to the C7-C9 group of clusters. The predictive mPCR test could be used to indicate if a clinical case has come from domesticated or WW sources. Our findings provide further evidence that WW C. jejuni subtypes show niche adaptation and may be important in causing human infection

Prevalence and occurrence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in surface waters determined by quantitative PCR

The prevalence and concentrations of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp. and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were investigated in surface waters in Brisbane, Australia using quantitative PCR (qPCR) based methodologies. Water samples were collected from Brisbane City Botanic Gardens (CBG) Pond, and two urban tidal creeks (i.e., Oxley Creek and Blunder Creek). Of the 32 water samples collected, 8 (25%), 1 (3%), 9 (28%), 14 (44%), and 15 (47%) were positive for C. jejuni mapA, Salmonella invA, EHEC O157 LPS, EHEC VT1, and EHEC VT2 genes, respectively. The presence/absence of the potential pathogens did not correlate with either E. coli or enterococci concentrations as determined by binary logistic regression. In conclusion, the high prevalence, and concentrations of potential zoonotic pathogens along with the concentrations of one or more fecal indicators in surface water samples indicate a poor level of microbial quality of surface water, and could represent a significant health risk to users. The results from the current study would provide valuable information to the water quality managers in terms of minimizing the risk from pathogens in surface waters

High-Resolution Melting System to Perform Multilocus Sequence Typing of Campylobacter jejuni

Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) has emerged as the state-of-the-art method for resolving bacterial population genetics but it is expensive and time consuming. We evaluated the potential of high resolution melting (HRM) to identify known MLST alleles of Campylobacter jejuni at reduced cost and time. Each MLST locus was amplified in two or three sub fragments, which were analyzed by HRM. The approach was investigated using 47 C. jejuni isolates, previously characterized by classical MLST, representing isolates from diverse environmental, animal and clinical sources and including the six most prevalent sequence types (ST) and the most frequent alleles. HRM was then applied to a validation set of 84 additional C. jejuni isolates from chickens; 92% of the alleles were resolved in 35 hours of laboratory time and the cost of reagents per isolate was $20 compared with$100 for sequence-based typing. HRM has the potential to complement sequence-based methods for resolving SNPs and to facilitate a wide range of genotyping studies

Extended Sequence Typing of Campylobacter spp., United Kingdom

Supplementing Campylobacter spp. multilocus sequence typing with nucleotide sequence typing of 3 antigen genes increased the discriminatory index achieved from 0.975 to 0.992 among 620 clinical isolates from Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. This enhanced typing scheme enabled identification of clusters and retained data required for long-range epidemiologic comparisons of isolates

Physical activity promotion interventions in chronic airways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Physical inactivity is common in people with chronic airways disease (pwCAD) and associated with worse clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterise and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions promoting step-based physical activity (PA) in pwCAD. We searched for studies that included a form of PA promotion and step-count outcome measure. A random-effects model was used to determine the overall effect size using post-intervention values. 38 studies (n=32 COPD; n=5 asthma; n=1 bronchiectasis; study population: n=3777) were included. Overall, implementing a form of PA promotion resulted in a significant increase in step-count: median (IQR) 705 (183-1210) when compared with usual standard care: -64 (-597-229), standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.24 (95% CI: 0.12-0.36), p<0.01. To explore the impact of specific interventions, studies were stratified into subgroups: PA promotion+wearable activity monitor-based interventions (n=17) (SMD 0.37, p<0.01); PA promotion+step-count as an outcome measure (n=9) (SMD 0.18, p=0.09); technology-based interventions (n=12) (SMD 0.16, p=0.01). Interventions promoting PA, particularly those that incorporate wearable activity monitors, result in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in daily step-count in pwCAD

Physical activity promotion interventions in chronic airways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Physical inactivity is common in people with chronic airways disease (pwCAD) and associated with worse clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterise and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions promoting step-based physical activity (PA) in pwCAD. We searched for studies that included a form of PA promotion and step-count outcome measure. A random-effects model was used to determine the overall effect size using post-intervention values. 38 studies (n=32 COPD; n=5 asthma; n=1 bronchiectasis; study population: n=3777) were included. Overall, implementing a form of PA promotion resulted in a significant increase in step-count: median (IQR) 705 (183–1210) when compared with usual standard care: −64 (−597–229), standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.24 (95% CI: 0.12–0.36), p<0.01. To explore the impact of specific interventions, studies were stratified into subgroups: PA promotion+wearable activity monitor-based interventions (n=17) (SMD 0.37, p<0.01); PA promotion+step-count as an outcome measure (n=9) (SMD 0.18, p=0.09); technology-based interventions (n=12) (SMD 0.16, p=0.01). Interventions promoting PA, particularly those that incorporate wearable activity monitors, result in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in daily step-count in pwCAD