Kemitraan Sekolah Dengan Dunia Kerja: Pengembangan Karir Pada Sekolah Lanjutan Di Jepang Dan Indonesia

School system is always associated with man power system. School system is the source of human labors, and business enterprises are its users. Most of secondary schools in Japan develops cooperations with the Department of Man Power and other private corporations in recruiting human labors. School system and business enterprises have responsibilities in the field, and they do their best. In Indonesia, school system is separated from the man power system. Ralatively, there are no cooperations and links develops by school system and private corporations. Indonesian government has to develop multistrategies in managing human labor through school system of educatio

Deformation of Codimension-2 Surface and Horizon Thermodynamics

The deformation equation of a spacelike submanifold with an arbitrary codimension is given by a general construction without using local frames. In the case of codimension-1, this equation reduces to the evolution equation of the extrinsic curvature of a spacelike hypersurface. In the more interesting case of codimension-2, after selecting a local null frame, this deformation equation reduces to the well known (cross) focusing equations. We show how the thermodynamics of trapping horizons is related to these deformation equations in two different formalisms: with and without introducing quasilocal energy. In the formalism with the quasilocal energy, the Hawking mass in four dimension is generalized to higher dimension, and it is found that the deformation of this energy inside a marginal surface can be also decomposed into the contributions from matter fields and gravitational radiation as in the four dimension. In the formalism without the quasilocal energy, we generalize the definition of slowly evolving future outer trapping horizons proposed by Booth to past trapping horizons. The dynamics of the trapping horizons in FLRW universe is given as an example. Especially, the slowly evolving past trapping horizon in the FLRW universe has close relation to the scenario of slow-roll inflation. Up to the second order of the slowly evolving parameter in this generalization, the temperature (surface gravity) associated with the slowly evolving trapping horizon in the FLRW universe is essentially the same as the one defined by using the quasilocal energy.Comment: Latex, 61 pages, no figures; v2, type errors corrected; v3, references and comments are added, English is improved, to appear in JHE

Recent Developments in Detection of Central Serous Retinopathy through Imaging and Artificial Intelligence Techniques – A Review

Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR) or Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a significant disease that causes blindness and vision loss among millions of people worldwide. It transpires as a result of accumulation of watery fluids behind the retina. Therefore, detection of CSR at early stages allows preventive measures to avert any impairment to the human eye. Traditionally, several manual methods for detecting CSR have been developed in the past; however, they have shown to be imprecise and unreliable. Consequently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) services in the medical field, including automated CSR detection, are now possible to detect and cure this disease. This review assessed a variety of innovative technologies and researches that contribute to the automatic detection of CSR. In this review, various CSR disease detection techniques, broadly classified into two categories: a) CSR detection based on classical imaging technologies, and b) CSR detection based on Machine/Deep Learning methods, have been reviewed after an elaborated evaluation of 29 different relevant articles. Additionally, it also goes over the advantages, drawbacks and limitations of a variety of traditional imaging techniques, such as Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), Fundus Imaging and more recent approaches that utilize Artificial Intelligence techniques. Finally, it is concluded that the most recent Deep Learning (DL) classifiers deliver accurate, fast, and reliable CSR detection. However, more research needs to be conducted on publicly available datasets to improve computation complexity for the reliable detection and diagnosis of CSR disease

The evolution of alkaliphilic biofilm communities in response to extreme alkaline pH values

Extremes of pH present a challenge to microbial life and our understanding of survival strategies for microbial consortia, particularly at high pH, remains limited. The utilization of extracellular polymeric substances within complex biofilms allows micro-organisms to obtain a greater level of control over their immediate environment. This manipulation of the immediate environment may confer a survival advantage in adverse conditions to biofilms. Within the present study alkaliphilic biofilms were created at pH 11.0, 12.0, or 13.0 from an existing alkaliphilic community. In each pH system, the biofilm matrix provided pH buffering, with the internal pH being 1.0–1.5 pH units lower than the aqueous environment. Increasing pH resulted in a reduced removal of substrate and standing biomass associated with the biofilm. At the highest pH investigated (pH 13.0), the biofilms matrix contained a greater degree of eDNA and the microbial community was dominated by Dietzia sp. and Anaerobranca sp

The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health among the orthodontic patients attending Kulliyyah Of Dentistry (KOD) IIUM specialist clinic

Background: Orthodontic treatment requires remodeling of the periodontal tissues, including the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone in order to straighten the misaligned teeth. The effect of orthodontic treatment is apparent esthetically but the effect to theperiodontal health is still in debate. Objective:To investigate the effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal condition among the orthodontic patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), IIUM. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was done among 11 patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment (sample group) at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic, KOD. Those that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected; 11 patients who are waiting for orthodontic treatment were included as control (control group).The periodontal health of each patient was examined clinically using WHO 621 probe around the teeth and scored by using the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) method. The BPE readings were taken again 6 months after the beginning of orthodontic treatment.Baseline risk ratio(RR) before orthodontic treatment and that of six months after treatment were measured and compared. Results:The baseline RR between the sample group and the control group are: Sextant1 (S1): 0.562; Sextant2 (S2): 0.421; Sextant3 (S3): 2.250; Sextant4 (S4): 5.000; Sextant5 (S5): 3.600; Sextant6 (S6): 2.857. Conclusion: After 6 months of undergoing orthodontic treatment, there is no significant difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal condition, except in Sextant 2. Keywords :BPE, Orthodontic treatment, WHO 621 probe, Periodontium, OR

Polyfunctional T cell responses in children in early stages of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection contrast with monofunctional responses of long-term infected adults

Background: Adults with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi exhibit a poorly functional T cell compartment, characterized by monofunctional (IFN-γ-only secreting) parasite-specific T cells and increased levels of terminally differentiated T cells. It is possible that persistent infection and/or sustained exposure to parasites antigens may lead to a progressive loss of function of the immune T cells. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis, the quality and magnitude of T. cruzi-specific T cell responses were evaluated in T. cruzi-infected children and compared with long-term T. cruzi-infected adults with no evidence of heart failure. The phenotype of CD4+ T cells was also assessed in T. cruzi-infected children and uninfected controls. Simultaneous secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 measured by ELISPOT assays in response to T. cruzi antigens was prevalent among T. cruzi-infected children. Flow cytometric analysis of co-expression profiles of CD4+ T cells with the ability to produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, or to express the co-stimulatory molecule CD154 in response to T. cruzi showed polyfunctional T cell responses in most T. cruzi-infected children. Monofunctional T cell responses and an absence of CD4+TNF-α+-secreting T cells were observed in T. cruzi-infected adults. A relatively high degree of activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells was evident in T. cruzi-infected children. Conclusions/Significance: Our observations are compatible with our initial hypothesis that persistent T. cruzi infection promotes eventual exhaustion of immune system, which might contribute to disease progression in long-term infected subjects.Fil: Albareda, María Cecilia. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: de Rissio, Ana María. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Tomas, Gonzalo. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Serjan, Alicia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Juan A. Fernández"; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, María Gabriela. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Viotti, Rodolfo Jorge. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Fichera, Laura Edith. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Esteva, Mónica Inés. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Potente, Daniel Fernando. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Armenti, Alejandro. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; ArgentinaFil: Tarleton, Rick L.. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Laucella, Susana Adriana. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Conventional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings of benign fibromatous paratesticular tumor: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The vast majority of paratesticular masses are benign. Magnetic resonance imaging of the scrotum may provide valuable information in the pre-operative work-up of scrotal masses, by allowing the precise localization of the lesion and helping in characterizing its nature. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is an evolving technique that can be used to improve tissue characterization, when interpreted with the findings of conventional magnetic resonance sequences. We present the case of an adenomatoid tumor of the tunica albuginea, with abundant fibrosis evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging of the scrotum, including both conventional and diffusion-weighted sequences. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few reports in the English literature regarding the magnetic resonance imaging features of this rare benign paratesticular tumor and no report on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance findings. We discuss the value of magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative diagnosis of benign fibromatous paratesticular tumors and differential diagnosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 45-year-old Caucasian man was referred to us with a palpable left scrotal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging of his scrotum revealed the presence of a multilobular left paratesticular mass, mainly detected with very low signal intensity on T2-weighted images and restricted diffusion on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. These findings were suggestive of a fibrous component, and were confirmed on histology following lesion excision.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Magnetic resonance imaging of the scrotum, by using both conventional and diffusion-weighted sequences, could have a potential role in the evaluation of scrotal masses.</p

First Record of Fusarium verticillioides as an Entomopathogenic Fungus of Grasshoppers

Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) is the most common fungus reported on infected corn kernels and vegetative tissues, but has not yet been documented as being entomopathogenic for grasshoppers. Grasshoppers and locusts represent a large group of insects that cause economic damage to forage and crops. Tropidacris collaris (Stoll) (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Romaleidae) is a large and voracious grasshopper that in recent years has become an increasingly recurrent and widespread pest in progressively more greatly extended areas of some of in Argentina's northern provinces, with chemical insecticides being currently the only means of control. During February and March of 2008–09, nymphs and adults of T. collaris were collected with sweep nets in dense woodland vegetation at a site near Tres Estacas in western Chaco Province, Argentina, and kept in screened cages. F. verticillioides was isolated from insects that died within 10 days and was cultured in PGA medium. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and positive results recorded. Using traditional and molecular-biological methods, an isolate of F. verticillioides was obtained from T. collaris, and its pathogenecity in the laboratory was shown against another harmful grasshopper, Ronderosia bergi (Stål) (Acridoidea: Acrididae: Melanoplinae). The mortality caused by F. verticillioides on R. bergi reached 58 ± 6.53% by 10 days after inoculation. This is the first record of natural infection caused by F. verticillioides in grasshoppers

Spina bifida-predisposing heterozygous mutations in Planar Cell Polarity genes and Zic2 reduce bone mass in young mice

Fractures are a common comorbidity in children with the neural tube defect (NTD) spina bifida. Mutations in the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway contribute to NTDs in humans and mice, but whether this pathway independently determines bone mass is poorly understood. Here, we first confirmed that core Wnt/PCP components are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. In vivo, we performed detailed µCT comparisons of bone structure in tibiae from young male mice heterozygous for NTD-associated mutations versus WT littermates. PCP signalling disruption caused by Vangl2 (Vangl2Lp/+) or Celsr1 (Celsr1Crsh/+) mutations significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and distal tibial cortical thickness. NTD-associated mutations in non-PCP transcription factors were also investigated. Pax3 mutation (Pax3Sp2H/+) had minimal effects on bone mass. Zic2 mutation (Zic2Ku/+) significantly altered the position of the tibia/fibula junction and diminished cortical bone in the proximal tibia. Beyond these genes, we bioinformatically documented the known extent of shared genetic networks between NTDs and bone properties. 46 genes involved in neural tube closure are annotated with bone-related ontologies. These findings document shared genetic networks between spina bifida risk and bone structure, including PCP components and Zic2. Genetic variants which predispose to spina bifida may therefore independently diminish bone mass