Diversité Variétale, Qualité Et Utilisation Du Maïs (Zea Mays) En Afrique De l’Ouest : Revue Critique

Maize (Zea mays) is a cereal cultivated through all the region of the world. Its constitutes one of the cereals the most used for human consumption. The current review focused on the diversity, the nutritional quality and the forms of use of maize in West Africa region. The review allowed to notice that more than twenty varieties of maize were cultivated in Bénin and in the sub-region. With regard to nutritional aspect, those different varieties of maize contained variable amounts of starch (64-78%), fat (4- 6%), protein (7-12%), crude fibers (2-2.5%), ash (1-1.5%) and sugar (1-3%). Potassium (324.8-344 mg /100g), magnesium (107.9-115 mg/100g) and phosphorus (99,6-276 mg/100g) were the main mineral in maize. Likewise, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophane and valine all contained in the germ were the main amino acids in maize. These chemical components can be alone or in a possible synergy of action responsible for numerous technological advantages of maize. Through its chemical and technological characteristics the maize constitutes an important raw material for many culinary recipes in West Africa region. So it is important to make the inventory of the main varieties cultivated in the sub-region, to compare them at both nutritional and technological aspects for prospective actions to undertake in order to improve the yield of these varieties and to guarantee food security for the populations

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Bis(N-ethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)diphenyltin(IV)

The dithiocarbamate anions in the title compound, [Sn(C6H5)(2)(C4H8NS2)(2)], chelate to the Sn-IV atom, which is six-coordinated in a skew-trapezoidal-bipyramidal geometry. The molecule lies across a twofold rotation axis

Bis(N-butyl-N-ethyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)nickel(II)

The dithiocarbamate anions in the title compound, [Ni(C7H14NS2)(2)], chelate to the Ni-II atom, which is four-coordinate in a square-planar geometry. The Ni-II atom lies on a center of inversio

Di-tert-butylbis(N-isopropyl-N-methyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)tin(IV)

The dithiocarbamate anions in the title compound, [Sn(C4H9)(2)(C5H10NS2)(2)], chelate to the Sn-IV atom, which is six- coordinated in a skew- trapezoidal- bipyramidal geometry. The molecule lies across a twofold rotation axis. The crystal studied was a non- merohedral twin, the ratio of the twin components being 0.82 (1): 0.18 (1)

(2,2 `-Bipyridine-kappa N-2,N `)bis(N-ethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)zinc(II)

The complete molecule of the title compound, [Zn(C4H8NS2)(2)(C10H8N2)], is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the Zn atom lying on the rotation axis; the axis also bisects the central C-C bond of the 2,2'-bipyridine molecule. The metal atom is chelated by two S,S'-bidentate dithiocarbamate anions and the N,N'-bidentate heterocycle, resulting in a distorted cis-ZnN2S4 octahedral geometry. The methyl and ethyl groups of the anion are statistically disordered

Bis(N-isobutyl-N-propyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)zinc(II)

In the title compound, [Zn(C8H16NS2)(2)], the Zn-II atom is chelated by two S,S'-bidentate dithiocarbamate ions in a very distorted tetrahedral geometry. The alkyl chains of the ligands are equally disordered over two sets of sites

Bis(N-isopropyl-N-methyldithiocarbamato-kappa S-2,S `)diphenyltin(IV)

The dithiocarbamate anions in the title compound, [Sn(C6H5)(2)(C5H10NS2)(2)], chelate to the Sn-IV atom, which is six-coordinated in a skew-trapezoidal-bipyramidal geometry. The molecule lies across a twofold rotation axis