Dynamics of ring dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates and nonlinear optics

Quasiparticle approach to dynamics of dark solitons is applied to the case of ring solitons. It is shown that the energy conservation law provides the effective equations of motion of ring dark solitons for general form of the nonlinear term in the generalized nonlinear Schroedinger or Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Analytical theory is illustrated by examples of dynamics of ring solitons in light beams propagating through a photorefractive medium and in non-uniform condensates confined in axially symmetric traps. Analytical results agree very well with the results of our numerical simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Condition for convective instability of dark solitons

Simple derivation of the condition for the transition point from absolute instability of plane dark solitons to their convective instability is suggested. It is shown that unstable wave packet expands with velocity equal to the minimal group velocity of the disturbance waves propagating along a dark soliton. The growth rate of the length of dark solitons generated by the flow of Bose-Einstein condensate past an obstacle is estimated. Analytical theory is confirmed by the results of numerical simulations

Interference structure of above-threshold ionization versus above-threshold detachment

Laser-induced electron detachment or ionization of atoms and negative ions is considered. In the context of the saddle-point evaluation of the strong-field approximation (SFA), the velocity maps of the direct electrons (those that do not undergo rescattering) exhibit a characteristic structure due to the constructive and destructive interference of electrons liberated from their parent atoms/ions within certain windows of time. This structure is defined by the above-threshold ionization rings at fixed electron energy and by two sets of curves in momentum space on which destructive interference occurs. The spectra obtained with the SFA are compared with those obtained by numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. For detachment, the agreement is excellent. For ionization, the effect of the Coulomb field is most pronounced for electrons emitted in a direction close to laser polarization, while for nearperpendicular emission the qualitative appearance of the spectrum is unaffected

Modulation control and spectral shaping of optical fiber supercontinuum generation in the picosecond regime

Numerical simulations are used to study how fiber supercontinuum generation seeded by picosecond pulses can be actively controlled through the use of input pulse modulation. By carrying out multiple simulations in the presence of noise, we show how tailored supercontinuum Spectra with increased bandwidth and improved stability can be generated using an input envelope modulation of appropriate frequency and depth. The results are discussed in terms of the non-linear propagation dynamics and pump depletion.Comment: Aspects of this work were presented in Paper ThJ2 at OECC/ACOFT 2008, Sydney Australia 7-10 July (2008). Journal paper submitted for publication 30 July 200

Properties of 15Cr12WNiMoV steel after vacuum activated chromium plating of its surface

In this work, we studied the properties of samples from steel 15Cr12WNiMoV after vacuum activated chromium plating at temperatures of 1070 and 1100 °C for 4 and 10 h. It was found that after chemical-thermal treatment on the samples a diffusion layer with a thickness of 50 to 130 µm is formed, consisting of 56…82 wt.% of chromium, the rest is iron. Metallographic studies were carried out on the samples and tests for heat resistance were carried out at a temperature of T = 900 °C. It was found that chrome-plated samples significantly exceed the initial samples and nitrided ones in terms of heat resistance. Tests of samples for tensile strength after chromium plating showed a significant increase in strength indicators for ultimate strength and yield strength. The plasticity characteristics of these samples are reduced.Проведені дослідження властивостей зразків зі сталі 15Х12ВНМФ після вакуумного активованого хромування при температурах 1070 і 1100 °С протягом 4 і 10 год. Установлено, що після хіміко-термічної обробки на зразках формується дифузійний шар товщиною від 50 до 130 мкм, що складається з 56…82 ваг.% хрому, інше – залізо. На зразках були проведені металографічні дослідження й здійснені випробування на жаростійкість при Т = 900 °С. Установлено, що хромовані зразки по жаростійкості значно перевершують вихідні зразки й азотовані. Проведені випробування зразків на міцність на розрив після хромування показали істотне збільшення міцностних показників для межі міцності й межі текучості. Характеристики пластичності цих зразків зменшуються.Проведены исследования свойств образцов из стали 15Х12ВНМФ после вакуумного активированного хромирования при температурах 1070 и 1100 °С в течение 4 и 10 ч. Установлено, что после химикотермической обработки на образцах формируется диффузионный слой толщиной от 50 до 130 мкм, состоящий из 56…82 вес.% хрома, остальное – железо. На образцах были проведены металлографические исследования и осуществлены испытания на жаростойкость при Т = 900 °С. Установлено, что хромированные образцы по жаростойкости значительно превосходят исходные образцы и азотированные. Проведенные испытания образцов на прочность на разрыв после хромирования показали существенное увеличение прочностных показателей для предела прочности и предела текучести. Характеристики пластичности этих образцов уменьшаются

Peculiarities of neutron fields formation in the systems “neutron producing target – moderator” irradiated by high energy particles

The theoretical and experimental evidence of similarity of neutron spectra formed in sub-critical systems driven by external proton and neutron beamsПредставлено теоретичнi та експериментальнi докази подiбності спектрiв нейтронiв, що утворюються в пiдкритичних системах, керованих зовнiшнiми протонним та нейтронним пучками.Представлены теоретические и экспериментальные доказательства подобия спектров нейтронов, образу- ющихся в подкритических системах, управляемых внешними протонным и нейтронным пучками