421 research outputs found
Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO3 column abundance over table mountain facility, California
The column abundance of NO3 was measured over Table Mountain Facility, CA (34.4° 117.7° W) from May 2003 through September 2004, using lunar occultation near full moon with a grating spectrometer. The NO 3 column retrieval was performed with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique using both the 623 and 662 nm NO 3 absorption bands. Other spectral features such as Fraunhofer lines and absorption from water vapor and oxygen were removed using solar spectra obtained at different airmass factors. We observed a seasonal variation, with nocturnally averaged NO3 columns between 5-7 × 1013 molec cm-2 during October through March, and 5-22 × 10 13 molec cm-2 during April through September. A subset of the data, with diurnal variability vastly different from the temporal profile obtained from one-dimensional stratospheric model calculations, clearly has boundary layer contributions; this was confirmed by simultaneous long-path DOAS measurements. However, even the NO3 columns that did follow the modeled time evolution were often much larger than modeled stratospheric partial columns constrained by realistic temperatures and ozone concentrations. This discrepancy is attributed to substantial tropospheric NO3 in the free troposphere, which may have the same time dependence as stratospheric NO 3
D-branes in T-fold conformal field theory
We investigate boundary dynamics of orbifold conformal field theory involving
T-duality twists. Such models typically appear in contexts of non-geometric
string compactifications that are called monodrofolds or T-folds in recent
literature. We use the framework of boundary conformal field theory to analyse
the models from a microscopic world-sheet perspective. In these backgrounds
there are two kinds of D-branes that are analogous to bulk and fractional
branes in standard orbifold models. The bulk D-branes in T-folds allow
intuitive geometrical interpretations and are consistent with the classical
analysis based on the doubled torus formalism. The fractional branes, on the
other hand, are `non-geometric' at any point in the moduli space and their
geometric counterparts seem to be missing in the doubled torus analysis. We
compute cylinder amplitudes between the bulk and fractional branes, and find
that the lightest modes of the open string spectra show intriguing non-linear
dependence on the moduli (location of the brane or value of the Wilson line),
suggesting that the physics of T-folds, when D-branes are involved, could
deviate from geometric backgrounds even at low energies. We also extend our
analysis to the models with SU(2) WZW fibre at arbitrary levels.Comment: 38 pages, no figure, ams packages. Essentially the published versio
Leading Order Textures for Lepton Mass Matrices
In theories with three light neutrinos, certain simplicity assumptions allow
the construction of a complete list of leading order lepton mass matrices.
These matrices are consistent with m_{tau} \neq 0, Delta m^2_{12} \ll Delta
m^2_{23}, theta_{23} approx 1, and theta_{13} = 0, as suggested by measurements
of atmospheric and solar neutrino fluxes. The list contains twelve generic
cases: two have three degenerate neutrinos, eight have two neutrinos forming a
Dirac state, and in only two cases is one neutrino much heavier than the other
two. For each of these twelve generic cases the possible forms for the
perturbations which yield m_{mu} are given. Ten special textures are also
found.Comment: 17 pages, added reference
Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell state in quasi-one-dimensional superconductors
The properties of a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) superconductor with {\it
an open Fermi surface} are expected to be unusual in a magnetic field. On the
one hand, the quasi-1D structure of the Fermi surface strongly favors the
formation of a non-uniform state (Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF)
state) in the presence of a magnetic field acting on the electron spins. On the
other hand, a magnetic field acting on an open Fermi surface induces a
dimensional crossover by confining the electronic wave-functions wave-functions
along the chains of highest conductivity, which results in a divergence of the
orbital critical field and in a stabilization at low temperature of a cascade
of superconducting phases separated by first order transistions. In this paper,
we study the phase diagram as a function of the anisotropy. We discuss in
details the experimental situation in the quasi-1D organic conductors of the
Bechgaard salts family and argue that they appear as good candidates for the
observation of the LOFF state, provided that their anisotropy is large enough.
Recent experiments on the organic quasi-1D superconductor (TMTSF)ClO
are in agreement with the results obtained in this paper and could be
interpreted as a signature of a high-field superconducting phase. We also point
out the possibility to observe a LOFF state in some quasi-2D organic
superconductors.Comment: 24 pages+17 figures (upon request), RevTex, ORSAY-LPS-24109
N=8 SCFT and M Theory on AdS_4 x RP^7
We study M theory on AdS_4 \times \RP^7 corresponding to 3 dimensional
superconformal field theory which is the strong coupling limit of
3 dimensional super Yang-Mills theory. For SU(N) theory, a wrapped M5 brane on
\RP^5 can be interpreted as baryon vertex. For theory, by
using the property of (co-)homology of \RP^7, we classify various wrapping
branes and consider domain walls and the baryon vertex.Comment: 17 pages, Changed baryon like operator as M5 branes in M theory
rather than D6 brane in IIA theory. To appear in Phys.Rev.
Mirrorfolds with K3 Fibrations
We study a class of non-geometric string vacua realized as completely soluble
superconformal field theory (SCFT). These models are defined as `interpolating
orbifolds' of by the mirror transformation acting on the
fiber combined with the half-shift on the -base. They are variants of the
T-folds, the interpolating orbifolds by T-duality transformations, and thus may
be called `mirrorfolds'. Starting with arbitrary (compact or non-compact)
Gepner models for the fiber, we construct modular invariant partition
functions of general mirrorfold models. In the case of compact fiber the
mirrorfolds only yield non-supersymmetric string vacua. They exhibit IR
instability due to winding tachyon condensation which is similar to the
Scherk-Schwarz type circle compactification. When the fiber SCFT is non-compact
(say, the ALE space in the simplest case), on the other hand, both
supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric vacua can be constructed. The non-compact
non-supersymmetric mirrorfolds can get stabilised at the level of string
perturbation theory. We also find that in the non-compact supersymmeric
mirrorfolds D-branes are {\em always} non-BPS. These D-branes can get
stabilized against both open- and closed-string marginal deformations.Comment: Eqns (2.61) and (3.17) correcte
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Spatially resolving the environmental quenching of star formation in GAMA galaxies
We use data from the Sydney-AAO Multi-Object Integral Field Spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to investigate the spatially-resolved signatures of the environmental quenching of star formation in galaxies. Using dust-corrected measurements of the distribution of Hα emission we measure the radial profiles of star formation in a sample of 201 star-forming galaxies covering three orders of magnitude in stellar mass (M∗M∗; 108.1-1010.95 M⊙) and in 5th nearest neighbour local environment density (Σ5; 10−1.3- 102.1 Mpc−2). We show that star formation rate gradients in galaxies are steeper in dense (log10(Σ5/Mpc2) > 0.5) environments by 0.58 ± 0.29 dex re−1 in galaxies with stellar masses in the range 1010 1.0). These lines of evidence strongly suggest that with increasing local environment density the star formation in galaxies is suppressed, and that this starts in their outskirts such that quenching occurs in an outside-in fashion in dense environments and is not instantaneous
Detector Description and Performance for the First Coincidence Observations between LIGO and GEO
For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer
gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their
first data for scientific analysis. Although the detectors were still far from
their design sensitivity levels, the data can be used to place better upper
limits on the flux of gravitational waves incident on the earth than previous
direct measurements. This paper describes the instruments and the data in some
detail, as a companion to analysis papers based on the first data.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures 17 Sept 03: author list amended, minor editorial
change
Inventário de Elateridae (Coleoptera) de Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Angra Dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro
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