Perancangan Antena Mikrostrip Bentuk Segiempat Dual Frequency untuk Aplikasi WLAN 2400 Mhz dan 5000 Mhz

— Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan antena mikrostrip bentuk segiempat untuk frekuensi 2400 MHz dan 5000 MHz memenuhi standar WLAN IEEE 802.11b dan IEEE 802.11a. Antena ini memiliki impedansi masukan sebesar 50 Ω dengan ukuran patch segiempat W = 30 mm dan L = 29 mm menggunakan substrat FR4 (h = 1,6 mm). Lebar saluran pencatu adalah 3,1 mm dengan panjang 6 mm. Untuk menghasilkan dual frequency, dilakukan dengan menambahkan beban slit pada patch antena. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh nilai return loss sebesar -13,06 dB untuk frekuensi 2400 MHz dan -31,64 dB untuk frekuensi 5000 MHz dengan nilai VSWR sebesar 1,575 untuk 2400 MHz dan 1,054 untuk 5000 MHz. Bandwidth pada frekuensi 2400 MHz dan 5000 MHz berturut-turut adalah 134 MHz (5,58%) dan 630 MHz (12,6%). Prototipe dari antena yang dirancang telah dipabrikasi, namun belum dilakukan pengujian. Rancangan yang sederhana namun mampu memenuhi tujuan yang diinginkan merupakan keunggulan dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya. Kata kunci — Antena mikrostrip, segiempat, WLAN, dual frequency, beban sli

Homeostatic response under carcinogen withdrawal, heme oxygenase 1 expression and cell cycle association

BACKGROUND: Chronic injury deregulates cellular homeostasis and induces a number of alterations leading to disruption of cellular processes such as cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis, driving to carcinogenesis. The stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation producing biliverdin, iron and CO. Induction of HO-1 has been suggested to be essential for a controlled cell growth. The aim of this work was to analyze the in vivo homeostatic response (HR) triggered by the withdrawal of a potent carcinogen, p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), after preneoplastic lesions were observed. We analyzed HO-1 cellular localization and the expression of HO-1, Bcl-2 and cell cycle related proteins under these conditions comparing them to hepatocellular carcinoma (HC). METHODS: The intoxication protocol was designed based on previous studies demonstrating that preneoplastic lesions were evident after 89 days of chemical carcinogen administration. Male CF1 mice (n = 18) were used. HR group received DAB (0.5 % w/w) in the diet for 78 days followed by 11 days of carcinogen deprivation. The HC group received the carcinogen and control animals the standard diet during 89 days. The expression of cell cycle related proteins, of Bcl-2 and of HO-1 were analyzed by western blot. The cellular localization and expression of HO-1 were detected by immnunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Increased expression of cyclin E/CDK2 was observed in HR, thus implicating cyclin E/CDK2 in the liver regenerative process. p21(cip1/waf1 )and Bcl-2 induction in HC was restituted to basal levels in HR. A similar response profile was found for HO-1 expression levels, showing a lower oxidative status in the carcinogen-deprived liver. The immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of macrophages surrounding foci of necrosis and nodular lesions in HR indicative of an inflammatory response. Furthermore, regenerative cells displayed changes in type, size and intensity of HO-1 immunostaining. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the regenerative capacity of the liver is still observed in the pre-neoplastic tissue after carcinogen withdrawal suggesting that reversible mechanism/s to compensate necrosis and to restitute homeostasis are involved

Pore formation of phospholipid membranes by the action of two hemolytic arachnid peptides of different size

AbstractPin2 and Oxki1 are cationic amphipathic peptides that permeate lipid membranes through formation of pores. Their mechanism of binding to phosphocholine (PC) membranes differs. Spin-probe experiments showed that both Pin2 and Oxki1 penetrate the lipid membrane of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). Moreover, the leakage of calcein and dextrans from PC vesicles showed that Pin2 agrees with the accumulation of peptides on lipid membranes and form pores of different size. On the other hand, Oxki1 did not act strictly cooperatively and form pores of limited size

Medicinal plants popularly used in the Xingó region – a semi-arid location in Northeastern Brazil

The aim of this study was to identify plant species among the diverse flora of the caatinga ecosystem that are used therapeutically. Research was undertaken in the municipalities of Piranhas and Delmiro Gouveia, in the Xingó region (state of Alagoas, NE Brazil). In order to identify the medicinal plants used in this region, semi-structured questionnaires were applied. The species cited were collected and sent to the Xingó Herbarium for taxonomic analysis. The relative importance (RI) of each species cited was calculated to verify their cultural importance. The therapeutic indications attributed to the species were classified under 16 body systems. A total of 187 medicinal species were cited, from 64 families and 128 genera. The main indications for medicinal plant use were against common colds, bronchitis, cardiovascular problems, kidney problems, inflammations in general, and as tranquilizers. Approximately 16% (30 plant species) were versatile in relation to their use, with an Relative Importance value over 1, having been indicated for up to nine body systems. The body systems that stood out the most were: the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, and infectious diseases. Most cited plant parts used for medicinal purposes were flowers, leaves, and inner stem bark

Is Thyroid Stunning Clinically Relevant? A Retrospective Analysis Of 208 Patients.

Current guidelines have advised against the performance of (131)I-iodide diagnostic whole body scintigraphy (dxWBS) to minimize the occurrence of stunning, and to guarantee the efficiency of radioiodine therapy (RIT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of stunning on the efficacy of RIT and disease outcome. This retrospective analysis included 208 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer managed according to a same protocol and followed up for 12-159 months (mean 30 ± 69 months). Patients received RIT in doses ranging from 3,700 to 11,100 MBq (100 mCi to 300 mCi). Post-RIT-whole body scintigraphy images were performed 10 days after RIT in all patients. In addition, images were also performed 24-48 hours after therapy in 22 patients. Outcome was classified as no evidence of disease (NED), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Thyroid stunning occurred in 40 patients (19.2%), including 26 patients with NED and 14 patients with SD. A multivariate analysis showed no association between disease outcome and the occurrence of stunning (p = 0.3476). The efficacy of RIT and disease outcome do not seem to be related to thyroid stunning.58292-30

Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass : a critical review

The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-a-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts

La planta de frutilla como recurso para la persistencia de Orius insidiosus en el cultivo

Fil: Pascua, Mariana S.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Rocca, Margarita. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Norma Elba. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Greco, Nancy Mabel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin