Dynamical analysis of the redshift drift in FLRW universes

Redshift drift is the phenomenon whereby the observed redshift between an emitter and observer comoving with the Hubble flow in an expanding FLRW universe will slowly evolve -- on a timescale comparable to the Hubble time. In a previous article [JCAP 04 (2020) 043; \arXiv{2001.11964}] three of the current authors had performed a cosmographic analysis of the redshift drift in a FLRW universe, temporarily putting aside the issue of dynamics (the Friedmann equations). In the current article we now add dynamics, still within the framework of an exact FLRW universe. We shall develop a suitable generic matter model and apply it to both standard FLRW and various dark energy models. Furthermore, we shall also present a section analyzing the utility of using alternative cosmographic variables to describe the redshift drift data.Comment: 37 pages, 19 figures. New section adde

Improvement of Torulaspora delbrueckii genome annotation: towards the exploitation of genomic features of a biotechnologically relevant yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast in wine, beer, and bread fermentations. However, Torulaspora delbrueckii has attracted interest in recent years due to its properties, ranging from its ability to produce flavor- and aroma-enhanced wine to its ability to survive longer in frozen dough. In this work, publicly available genomes of T. delbrueckii were explored and their annotation was improved. A total of 32 proteins were additionally annotated for the first time in the type strain CBS1146, in comparison with the previous annotation available. In addition, the annotation of the remaining three T. delbrueckii strains was performed for the first time. eggNOG-mapper was used to perform the functional annotation of the deduced T. delbrueckii coding genes, offering insights into its biological significance, and revealing 24 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), which were gathered in three main functional categories: information storage and processing (28% of the proteins), cellular processing and signaling (27%), and metabolism (23%). Small intraspecies variability was found when considering the functional annotation of the four available T. delbrueckii genomes. A comparative study was also conducted between the T. delbrueckii genome and those from 386 fungal species, revealing a high number of homologous genes with species from the Zygotorulaspora and Zygosaccharomyces genera, but also with Lachancea and S. cerevisiae. Lastly, the phylogenetic placement of T. delbrueckii was clarified using the core homologs that were found across 204 common protein sequences of 386 fungal species and strains.This work was supported by the UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) and UID/BIA/04050/2019 strategic programs and by the project PTDC/BIA-MIC/32059/2017 (TODOMICS: Omics approaches towards the industrial exploitation of Torulaspora delbrueckii: Elucidation of the molecular basis underlying complex cellular traits), which is funded by national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and by the ERDF- European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE2020–Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and Sistema de Apoio à Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (SAICT)

Unraveling the Holocene Eruptive History of Flores Island (Azores) Through the Analysis of Lacustrine Sedimentary Records

Lacustrine sequences from active volcanic settings usually hold a rich and continuous record of tephra layers, providing a critical source of information to reconstruct a most complete eruptive history of a region. Lake sedimentary records on volcanic islands are particularly useful as the typical small size of these islands and their steep subaerial and submarine slopes lead to a lower preservation of potential erodible pyroclastic deposits. Here we explore the lacustrine sedimentary record of Lagoa da Lomba, a crater lake in the central upland area of Flores Island (Azores), to gain insight into the recent eruptive history of this island. The strategic location of Lagoa da Lomba, half distance between the two clusters of recent volcanic activity of the island, together with its long-lasting record, back to 23.52 cal kyr BP, makes this lake a privileged site to investigate the Holocene volcanic history of Flores. Based on a detailed stratigraphic characterization of sediments from a lake transect of three cores, supported by glass shard geochemistry and radiocarbon dating, we recognized four Holocene eruptive events taking place between 6.28 and 2.36 cal kyr BP, demonstrating that the Holocene volcanic activity at Flores Island may have lasted longer than previously reported. Glass shard geochemistry from the different tephra layers suggests three populations, basaltic to trachybasaltic in composition, where the last eruption is the least evolved endmember. Two of the four eruptive events correlate with subaerially-exposed pyroclastic sequences, in terms of stratigraphy and geochemistry. The most recent event recorded at Lagoa da Lomba was constrained to 3.66 - 2.36 cal kyr BP and linked to an eruption sourced from Lagoa Comprida Volcanic System. The second most recent eruptive event was sourced from Lagoa Funda Volcanic System and dated at 3.66 cal kyr BP. Our observations show that Flores experienced vigorous volcanic activity during the Late Holocene. Therefore, contrary to what is assumed, the possibility of future eruptions should be properly considered, and the volcanic hazard here should not be underestimated. Moreover, we highlight the importance of tephrostratigraphy in recent lake sediments to reconstruct past volcanic activity, especially at small volcanic islands, such as Flores, where exposure is poor due to erosion within the limited subaerial area and the dense vegetation

Microalgae Cultivation for Secondary Metabolite Production

Microalgae including cyanobacteria have been recognized as an excellent source of fine chemicals, renewable fuels, vitamins, and proteins and usually are found in health food stores around the world. However, the accumulation of these compounds generally occurs at end of the exponential growth phase; furthermore, biomass density in cultivation commonly is low. Open cultures have been used for pigment, biofuels, and biomass production, but these types of culture system are not a good choice for the production of fine chemicals, due to contamination problems and the expensive production costs. Closed photobioreactors can be operated in a continuous cultivation providing an increase on biomass density and contamination-free condition and generally working at a maximum growth rate under specific conditions; besides, these systems can recycle the consumed culture medium at least three times before a new enriched medium is supplied, generating a more cost-effective production system. In addition, microalgae metabolism can be manipulated to provoke a specific secondary metabolite accumulation by the addition of organic carbon source or changing light intensity or both. In other words, photobioreactors can operate in continuous mode, with efficient light supply and the supplementation of organic carbon source to produce fine biochemicals such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, lectins, antiviral compounds, and biofuels

Data Provision for Science-Based FAD Fishery Management: Spanish FAD Management Plan as a Case Study

The use of fish aggregating devices (FADs) in tropical tuna fisheries has increased significantly during recent decades. Concurrently, concern about juvenile tuna mortality, bycatch, and marine debris associated with FAD fisheries increased, and this led to the implementation of FAD management measures and more sustainable designs (e.g., non-entangling or biodegradable FADs, limits on active FADs, etc.). This document reviews data collection and reporting requirements of tuna-Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (t-RFMOs) on drifting FADs and summarizes the work carried out since 2010 under the Spanish FAD management plan to create an adequate standard data collection aimed at improving science-based decision making. The aim of this study is to assist in the strengthening of data collection systems through: (1) a review of the existing data requirements, (2) a review of the status of FAD data collection worldwide and identification of data gaps, and (3) recommendations aimed at improving FAD management through the strengthening of FAD data requirements. Due to the complexities of data collection, we summarize the difficulties faced when processing the data and propose concrete and practical solutions to improve both the data collection system and information quality.Postprin

PESQUERÍA DE PATUDO O TUNA (BIGEYE TUNA)

SUMMARY The main objective of this study is to carry out a detailed analysis of the bigeye tuna fishery (Thunnus obesus) in the Canary Islands during the period 1926 to 2020. The existence of this fishery dates back to the early 19th century on the island of La Gomera. Fishing effort has varied throughout the period under study. Catches of this species are analysed for the period 1965 to 2020. In the 1970s and 1990s, the maximum historical levels were reached i.e. 6,991 t and 9,325 t, respectively. The method of fishing on associated schools has modified the exploitation pattern. Catch seasonality has changed, shifting from the first and second quarters in the first period to the third and fourth quarters currently. The sizes of the catch taken on free schools and associated schools are different. In the 1980s and 1990s, the fishing areas were closer to each other. In the 2000s, the main fishing areas are located in the South, West and North of the islands, until Madeira and the Azores. RÉSUMÉ L'objectif principal de cette étude est de réaliser une analyse détaillée de la pêche du thon obèse (Thunnus obesus) dans les îles Canaries pendant la période 1926 à 2020. L'existence de cette pêche remonte au début du XIXe siècle à l'île de La Gomera. L'effort de pêche a varié tout au long de la période d'étude. Les captures de cette espèce sont analysées pour la période de 1965 à 2020. Dans les années 1970 et 1990, les niveaux historiques maximums ont été atteints avec 6.991 t et 9.325 t respectivement. La modalité de pêche sur mattes associées a modifié le schéma d'exploitation de l'espèce. La saisonnalité des captures a changé, passant du premier et deuxième trimestre de la première période au troisième et quatrième trimestre actuellement. Les tailles de capture réalisées sur bancs libres et mattes associées sont différentes. Dans les années 1980 et 1990, les zones de pêche étaient plus proches les unes des autres. Dans les années 2000, les principales zones de pêche se situent au sud, à l'ouest et au nord des îles, jusqu'à Madère et aux Açores. RESUMEN El principal objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis detallado de la pesquería de patudo (Thunnus obesus), también llamado tuna, en las islas Canarias, durante el período 1926 a 2020. La existencia de esta pesquería se remonta a principios del pasado siglo XIX en la isla de La Gomera. El esfuerzo pesquero ha variado a lo largo del período de estudio. Se analizan las capturas de esta especie para el período 1965 a 2020. En los 70 y 90 se produjeron los máximos históricos con 6991 t y 9325 t respectivamente. La modalidad de pesca “ a mancha” ha modificado el patrón de explotación de la especie. La estacionalidad de las capturas ha cambiado desde el primer y segundo trimestre de la primera época hacia el tercer y cuarto trimestre actualmente. Las tallas de captura son diferentes a banco libre y en mancha. En los 80 y 90 los caladeros de pesca estaban más cerca. En los 2000 las principales zonas de pesca están al sur, al oeste y al norte de las islas, llegando hasta Madeira y Azores.Versión del edito

Effect of Acute Posttransplant Renal Failure on the Survival of Perfused Cadaver Kidneys

Between 7973 and 7977 we encountered 22 cases of acute renal failure after transplantation in 70 patients who received perfused cadaver kidneys. Nearly two-thirds of 76 nonfunctioning grafts were lost due to subsequent superimposed rejection, often undetected and, hence, untreated. Thirty-one percent of the 76 recovered function. The recovery rate, we believe, can be improved by earlier diagnosis and treatment of rejection and by avoiding invasive diagnostic procedures in the early postoperative period. If the oliguric period extends beyond two weeks, a closed percutaneous renal biopsy is justified. The diagnosis of rejection and/or other abnormality as well as subsequent treatment are very important in these patients

Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on subsequent infectivity of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 in endometrial cells in primary culture: An in vitro model of viral co-infection

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infect the uterus of cattle, being responsible for huge economic losses. Most of the pathogenesis of BoHV-4 in the bovine reproductive tract has been elucidated by conducting tests on primary cultures. Thus, it is important to have optimal in vitro conditions, avoiding the presence of other pathogens that can alter the results. BVDV is one of the most frequent viral contaminants of cell cultures. Considering that non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV biotype can generate persistently infected (PI) cattle, which are the major source for virus transmission in susceptible herds, it is important to check products derived from cattle that are intended to be used in research laboratories. The aim of this work was to evaluate how the natural infection of bovine endometrial cells (BEC) with a NCP BVDV strain (BEC + BVDV) affects BoHV-4 replication. We have demonstrated a delay in BoHV-4 gene expression and a decrease in viral load in the extracellular environment in BEC + BDVD cells compared to BEC (BVDV-free) cells. These results confirm that replication of BoHV-4 in BEC primary cultures is affected by previous infection with BVDV. This finding highlights the importance of ruling out BVDV infection in bovine primary cell cultures to avoid biological interference or misinterpretation of results at the time of performing in vitro studies with BoHV-4.Fil: Romeo, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Louge Uriarte, Enrique Leopoldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Santiago Germán. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Altamiranda, Erika Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Susana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Morán, Pedro Edgardo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Verna, Andrea Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentin

Procesos de decisión en la antiagregación (IV): Síndrome Coronario Agudo

El síndrome coronario agudo es la entidad patológica donde los tratamientos de antiagregación o anticoagulación se vuelven más elaborados. Las terapias múltiples, los nuevos antiagregantes y la gran producción científica que genera cambios en las recomendaciones, cambios apoyados por una potente industria farmacéutica, puede complicar la toma de decisiones preoperatorias. En anteriores entradas hemos hablado sobre la profilaxis primaria de la isquemia cardíaca, y vemos como las recomendaciones sobre su tratamiento preventivo han ido evolucionado para ser cada vez más restrictivas. Los descubrimientos de nuevos factores individuales (tanto genéticos como ambientales) que desempeñen un papel fundamental en la incidencia del síndrome coronario son cada vez más estudiados y aclarados. Desde el descubrimiento de los isotipos del gen de la paraoxonasa-1, pasando por la implicación del perímetro abdominal, hasta llegar a la polución ambiental, se vislumbran con fuerza estos y otros nuevos factores individuales implicados en la aparición de un episodio isquémico coronario, lo que condicionará un cambio de recomendación en las guías futuras para prevenir dichos eventos