Stability Improvement of Power System Due to Wind Farm and Fault Using FACTS Devices

Wind energy is gaining the most interest among a variety of renewable energy resources, but the disadvantage is that wind power generation is intermittent, depending on weather conditions. FACTS devices are used to increase the transient stability on the presence of faults and the integration of renewable sources, like wind energy. Due to continuously varying wind speed components and also due to fault the active and reactive power along with terminal voltage fluctuates continuously. STATCOM and UPFC are two important FACTS devices; provide the desired reactive-power generation and absorption, entirely using electronic processing of the voltage and current waveforms in a voltage source converter (VSC). By connecting STATCOM and UPFC into the lines, the active power, reactive power, and terminal voltage is maintained constant and it also helps to improve the transient stability of the system. STATCOM can control voltage magnitude and, to a small extent, the phase angle in a very short time and UPFC can control voltage magnitude as well as phase angle and therefore, can improve the system performance. In this paper, improvement of transient stability in wind farm under fault have been studied using STATCOM and UPFC in MATLAB SIMULINK software

A Review on Stability Improvement of Wind Farm Using FACTS Device

This paper represents a review on Stability improvement of wind farm using the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. FACTS devices are used to increase the transient stability on the presence of faults and the integration of renewable sources, like wind energy. Due to continuously varying wind speed and also due to fault the active and reactive power along with terminal voltage fluctuates continuously. By connecting Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) into the grid, the active power, reactive power, and terminal voltage are maintained constant and also help to improve the transient stability of the system

Evaluation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for seed production

An experimental study was conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Monhanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, to evaluate the performance of fourteen different bush type French bean genotypes for seed yield and to study varietal characterization based on plant morphology. The genotypes, studied under this experiment were namely, Abhay, Shillong Local-3, Arjun, Selection-9, Arka Anoop, Arka Komal, Badshah, Anupam, Arka Suvidha, Falguni, Sonali, Local, Victoria and Vaishnavi-264. From overall point of view of the outcome of the experiment, it has been revealed that genotype with relatively bolder seeds with more number of seeds per pod, and higher bearing capacity per plant generally gives higher seed yield. Among the genotypes under study, Arka Suvidha was the best one as it produced the highest seed yield (2180.92 kg/ha) and relatively good plant vigour and fairly high seed vigour index (2944.38). Falguni and Mohanpur Local also can be considered promising once for seed production point of view

Analysis of the prevalence, etiology, and risk factors of stillbirth from a teaching institute of North Eastern India- a retrospective study

Background: Stillbirth rate is considered a health index. The worldwide stillbirth rate is 18.4/1000 total birth. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of intrauterine fetal death in pregnant women in one of the teaching centers in Northeastern India.Methods: This was a retrospective study. All cases of intrauterine fetal death admitted in the department of obstetrics gynecology of our institute were included over two and half years. Information was gathered from the medical records of the patients and data were analyzed.Results: During two and half year’s period, the total number of deliveries was 2696 and the total numbers of stillbirths were 96, hence the stillbirth rate was 35.6/1000. 93 (96.87%) were antenatal stillbirths and 3 (3.12%) were intrapartum stillbirths. 82 (85.41%) women were unbooked. 85 (90.4%) belonged to low socioeconomic status. 67 (69.79%) were preterm. Maximum 39 (40.62%) belonged to 28-35 weeks of gestational age. The most common cause of Intrauterine death (IUD) was antepartum hemorrhage (17.7%). 14 (14.5%) were abruption and 3 were placenta previa. The second most common cause (14.5%) was the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.Conclusions: The stillbirth rate in our institute is higher than the national average. The most common causes of IUD were antepartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, prematurity, and malpresentation which can be diagnosed and managed by increasing uptake of antenatal care which will lead to timely identification and proper management of maternal and fetal complications eventually reducing the preventable stillbirths

A report on injuries and illnesses among athletes and games officials during XII South Asian Games-2016, Shillong, India

Background: The 12th South Asian Games (SAG) was held from February 5-16, 2016 in Guwahati and Shillong. International level mega-events bring people of different background to a single geographic location after extensive travel. Surveillance and measures for primary and secondary prevention of injuries and illnesses by the organizers and host country is highly desirable. There is no such previous published report on South Asian games. The study was conducted with the aim to analyse the medical arrangements and report injuries and illnesses in athletes and games officials during the South Asian Games-2016 at Shillong venue.Methods: : It is a retrospective study from all daily records of injuries and illnesses reported to the principal referral hospital designated to treat all significant injuries and illnesses for games officials and athletes from all eight participating countries staying in Shillong.Results: Eight major sports were conducted in Shillong that included Badminton, Boxing, Football, Judo, Taekwondo and Wushu. The average age of the injured athletes or ill officials combined was 27.5 years. Male to female ratio was approximately 7:3. There were a total of 65 injuries (59.6%) out of 109 hospital visits including six dislocations involving the upper limbs, but only one athlete required hospitalization. Athletes from three major contact sports namely taekwondo, football and wushu dominated the injured list. A significant number of games officials had injuries and medical illnesses, some requiring hospitalization.Conclusions: Thorough planning for befitting medical care arrangements is indispensable for successful conduct of any major sports event. Significant training, sensitization, preparedness, knowledge-based manpower and infrastructure are needed for adequate medical coverage before, during and after the schedule of any major sports events.

Stabilities of nanohydrated thymine radical cations: insights from multiphoton ionization experiments and ab initio calculations

Multi-photon ionization experiments have been carried out on thymine-water clusters in the gas phase. Metastable H2O loss from T+(H2O)n was observed at n ≥ 3 only. Ab initio quantum-chemical calculations of a large range of optimized T+(H2O)n conformers have been performed up to n = 4, enabling binding energies of water to be derived. These decrease smoothly with n, consistent with the general trend of increasing metastable H2O loss in the experimental data. The lowest-energy conformers of T+(H2O)3 and T+(H2O)4 feature intermolecular bonding via charge-dipole interactions, in contrast with the purely hydrogen-bonded neutrals. We found no evidence for a closed hydration shell at n = 4, also contrasting with studies of neutral clusters

Relative contribution of diet and physical activity to increased adiposity among rural to urban migrants in India: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: In common with many other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rural to urban migrants in India are at increased risk of obesity, but it is unclear whether this is due to increased energy intake, reduced energy expenditure, or both. Knowing this and the relative contribution of specific dietary and physical activity behaviours to greater adiposity among urban migrants could inform policies for control of the obesity epidemic in India and other urbanising LMICs. In the Indian Migration Study, we previously found that urban migrants had greater prevalence of obesity and diabetes compared with their nonmigrant rural-dwelling siblings. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of energy intake and expenditure and specific diet and activity behaviours to greater adiposity among urban migrants in India. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Indian Migration Study was conducted between 2005 and 2007. Factory workers and their spouses from four cities in north, central, and south of India, together with their rural-dwelling siblings, were surveyed. Self-reported data on diet and physical activity was collected using validated questionnaires, and adiposity was estimated from thickness of skinfolds. The association of differences in dietary intake, physical activity, and adiposity between siblings was examined using multivariable linear regression. Data on 2,464 participants (median age 43 years) comprised of 1,232 sibling pairs (urban migrant and their rural-dwelling sibling) of the same sex (31% female) were analysed. Compared with the rural siblings, urban migrants had 18% greater adiposity, 12% (360 calories/day) more energy intake, and 18% (11 kilojoules/kg/day) less energy expenditure (P < 0.001 for all). Energy intake and expenditure were independently associated with increased adiposity of urban siblings, accounting for 4% and 6.5% of adiposity difference between siblings, respectively. Difference in dietary fat/oil (10 g/day), time spent engaged in moderate or vigorous activity (69 minutes/day), and watching television (30 minutes/day) were associated with difference in adiposity between siblings, but no clear association was observed for intake of fruits and vegetables, sugary foods and sweets, cereals, animal and dairy products, and sedentary time. The limitations of this study include a cross-sectional design, systematic differences in premigration characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants, low response rate, and measurement error in estimating diet and activity from questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: We found that increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure contributed equally to greater adiposity among urban migrants in India. Policies aimed at controlling the rising prevalence of obesity in India and potentially other urbanising LMICs need to be multicomponent, target both energy intake and expenditure, and focus particularly on behaviours such as dietary fat/oil intake, time spent on watching television, and time spent engaged in moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity

The Effect of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Obesity and Diabetes in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Shah Ebrahim and colleagues examine the distribution of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors among urban migrant factory workers in India, together with their rural siblings. The investigators identify patterns of change of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urban migration

Socio-Demographic Patterning of Physical Activity across Migrant Groups in India: Results from the Indian Migration Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between rural to urban migration and physical activity (PA) in India. METHODS: 6,447 (42% women) participants comprising 2077 rural, 2,094 migrants and 2,276 urban were recruited. Total activity (MET hr/day), activity intensity (min/day), PA Level (PAL) television viewing and sleeping (min/day) were estimated and associations with migrant status examined, adjusting for the sib-pair design, age, site, occupation, education, and socio-economic position (SEP). RESULTS: Total activity was highest in rural men whereas migrant and urban men had broadly similar activity levels (p<0.001). Women showed similar patterns, but slightly lower levels of total activity. Sedentary behaviour and television viewing were lower in rural residents and similar in migrant and urban groups. Sleep duration was highest in the rural group and lowest in urban non-migrants. Migrant men had considerably lower odds of being in the highest quartile of total activity than rural men, a finding that persisted after adjustment for age, SEP and education (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37, 0.74). For women, odds ratios attenuated and associations were removed after adjusting for age, SEP and education. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that migrants have already acquired PA levels that closely resemble long-term urban residents. Effective public health interventions to increase PA are needed