Evolución petrológico geoquímica de los granitoides hercínicos del NO gallego

[Resumen] Se estudia el conjunto de rocas graníticas hercínicas del sector noroeste de Galicia, desde el punto de vista petrológico y geoquímico. Por características tect6nicas y mineral6gicas se han distinguido cuatro grupos de granitoides: Granotáides precoces, granitoides inhomogneos,/granitos de dos micas pre-fase 3, y granitos postcinemáticos. Todos los grupos, a excepci6n de los granitoides precoces, tienen una tendencia geoquímica más ácida y evolucionada que la media total de los granitoides gallegos. Los contenidos en Li,Rb,Ba,Sr, demuestran igualmente un alto grado de diferenciación. L1 y Rb por un lado, y Ba y Sr. por otro, se comportan de manera análoga en todos los grupos.[Abstract] This paper deals with the petrological and geochémical aspects of Hercynian granitic rocks in the northwestern part of Galicia. Based on minerological and structural criteria four granitoid groups are distinguished: Early-Hercynian granitoids, " inhomogeneus granitoids " , an'older group of two-micas granite (prior to the third Hercynian deformation) and postcinematic granites. Geochemically al1 the granitic rocks, with the exception of the EarlyHercynian granitoids, are more acid than the average value of all Galician granitoids. Also the abundances of Li, Rb, Ba, and Sr demonstrate a high degree of differentiation. The element pairs Li-Rb and Ba-Sr, tend to behave similarly in the granitoid groups

Temperature Modulation of Electric Fields in Biological Matter

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) have become an important minimally invasive surgical technology for various applications including genetic engineering, electrochemotherapy and tissue ablation. This study explores the hypothesis that temperature dependent electrical parameters of tissue can be used to modulate the outcome of PEF protocols, providing a new means for controlling and optimizing this minimally invasive surgical procedure. This study investigates two different applications of cooling temperatures applied during PEF. The first case utilizes an electrode which simultaneously delivers pulsed electric fields and cooling temperatures. The subsequent results demonstrate that changes in electrical properties due to temperature produced by this configuration can substantially magnify and confine the electric fields in the cooled regions while almost eliminating electric fields in surrounding regions. This method can be used to increase precision in the PEF procedure, and eliminate muscle contractions and damage to adjacent tissues. The second configuration considered introduces a third probe that is not electrically active and only applies cooling boundary conditions. This second study demonstrates that in this probe configuration the temperature induced changes in electrical properties of tissue substantially reduce the electric fields in the cooled regions. This novel treatment can potentially be used to protect sensitive tissues from the effect of the PEF. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this investigation is that temperature is a powerful and accessible mechanism to modulate and control electric fields in biological tissues and can therefore be used to optimize and control PEF treatments

Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma subtypes are characterized by loss of function of SETD2

Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) is a lethal, and the most common, neoplastic complication of celiac disease. Here, we defined the genetic landscape of EATL through whole-exome sequencing of 69 EATL tumors. SETD2 was the most frequently silenced gene in EATL (32% of cases). The JAK-STAT pathway was the most frequently mutated pathway, with frequent mutations in STAT5B as well as JAK1 , JAK3 , STAT3 , and SOCS1 . We also identified mutations in KRAS , TP53 , and TERT . Type I EATL and type II EATL (monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T cell lymphoma) had highly overlapping genetic alterations indicating shared mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. We modeled the effects of SETD2 loss in vivo by developing a T cell–specific knockout mouse. These mice manifested an expansion of γδ T cells, indicating novel roles for SETD2 in T cell development and lymphomagenesis. Our data render the most comprehensive genetic portrait yet of this uncommon but lethal disease and may inform future classification schemes

The mxaAKL genes of Methylobacter albus BG8

The facultative methanol utilizer Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 contains at least three genes (mxaA, K and L) that encode functions involved in providing calcium to the holoenzyme of methanol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that oxidizes methanol to formaldehyde in this strain. Methane-utilizing bacteria (methanotrophs) also contain methanol dehydrogenase, and evidence suggests that similar methanol oxidation (Mox) functions may be present in some of these strains. DNA fragments from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 specific to mxaA, mxaK and mxaL were isolated for use as hybridization probes against genomic digests of a variety of methanotrophic bacteria. Only the mxaL probe showed substantial hybridization, and it was used to identify and isolate an 8·5 kb HindIII fragment from Methylobacter albus BG8 (a Type I methanotroph). Hybridization of restriction digests of this fragment to individual probes for Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 mxaA, K and L indicated that the relative mxa gene order in Methylobacter albus BG8 is A-K-L. A T7 dual promoter/polymerase protein expression system indicated that five polypeptides are expressed from a 4·5 kb region of Methylobacter albus BG8 DNA in Escherichia coli, all transcribed in the same direction, and they apparently correspond to mxaACKDL. The functions of mxaC and mxaD are currently not known, but the order of mxaDL is reversed in Methylobacter albus BG8 compared to Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. When subclones o the Methylobacter albus BG8 fragment containing these genes were used as hybridization probes to genomic digests of methanotrophic bacteria, specific bands were detected that suggested a similar gene order in most cases. These data indicate that the mxaAKL region is relatively highly conserved in methanotrophs, and that in most cases the mxaAKL genes are grouped together in the same order as in the facultative methanol utilizer Methylobacterium extorquens AM1