109 research outputs found
Opposite polarity field with convective downflow and its relation to magnetic spines in a sunspot penumbra
We discuss NICOLE inversions of Fe I 630.15 nm and 630.25 nm Stokes spectra
from a sunspot penumbra recorded with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter on
the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope at a spatial resolution close to 0.15". We
report on narrow radially extended lanes of opposite polarity field, located at
the boundaries between areas of relatively horizontal magnetic field (the
intra-spines) and much more vertical field (the spines). These lanes harbor
convective downflows of about 1 km/s. The locations of these downflows close to
the spines agree with predictions from the convective gap model (the "gappy
penumbra") proposed six years ago, and more recent 3D MHD simulations. We also
confirm the existence of strong convective flows throughout the entire
penumbra, showing the expected correlation between temperature and vertical
velocity, and having vertical RMS velocities of about 1.2 km/s.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (06-March-2013). Minor corrections
made in this version
CRISP Spectropolarimetric Imaging of Penumbral Fine Structure
We discuss penumbral fine structure in a small part of a pore, observed with
the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST),
close to its diffraction limit of 0.16 arcsec. Milne-Eddington inversions
applied to these Stokes data reveal large variations of field strength and
inclination angle over dark-cored penumbral intrusions and a dark-cored light
bridge. The mid-outer part of this penumbra structure shows 0.3 arcsec wide
spines, separated by 1.6 arcsec (1200 km) and associated with 30 deg
inclination variations. Between these spines, there are no small-scale magnetic
structures that easily can be be identified with individual flux tubes. A
structure with nearly 10 deg more vertical and weaker magnetic field is seen
midways between two spines. This structure is co-spatial with the brightest
penumbral filament, possibly indicating the location of a convective upflow
from below.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL 17 Oct 2008. One Figure adde
Nonlinear vertical oscillations of a particle in a sheath of a rf discharge
A new simple method to measure the spatial distribution of the electric field
in the plasma sheath is proposed. The method is based on the experimental
investigation of vertical oscillations of a single particle in the sheath of a
low-pressure radio-frequency discharge. It is shown that the oscillations
become strongly nonlinear and secondary harmonics are generated as the
amplitude increases. The theory of anharmonic oscillations provides a good
qualitative description of the data and gives estimates for the first two
anharmonic terms in an expansion of the sheath potential around the particle
equilibrium.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Virtual reality and naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder
© 2021 The Author(s).Background: Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI) have been evaluated as the most promising interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. In recent years, a growing body of literature suggests that technological advancements such as Virtual Reality (VR) are promising intervention tools. However, to the best of our knowledge no studies have combined evidence-based practice with such tools.
Aim: This article aims to review the current literature combining NDBI and VR, and provide suggestions on merging NDBI-approaches with VR.
Methods: This article is divided into two parts, where we first conduct a review mapping the research applying NDBI-approaches in VR. In the second part we argue how to apply the common features of NDBI into VR-technology.
Results: Our findings show that no VR-studies explicitly rely on NDBI-approaches, but some utilize elements in their interventions that are considered to be common features to NDBI.
Conclusions and implications: As the results show, to date, no VR-based studies have utilized NDBI in their intervention. We therefore, in the second part of this article, suggests ways to merge VR and NDBI and introduce the term Virtual Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (VNDBI). VNDBI is an innovative way of implementing NDBI which will contribute in making interventions more accessible in central as well as remote locations, while reducing unwanted variation between service sites. VNDBI will advance the possibilities of individually tailoring and widen the area of interventions. In addition, VNDBI can provide the field with new knowledge on effective components enhancing the accuracy in the intervention packages and thus move forward the research field and clinical practice.publishedVersio
Fine structure, magnetic field and heating of sunspot penumbrae
We interpret penumbral filaments as due to convection in field-free, radially
aligned gaps just below the visible surface of the penumbra, intruding into a
nearly potential field above. This solves the classical discrepancy between the
large heat flux and the low vertical velocities observed in the penumbra. The
presence of the gaps causes strong small-scale fluctuations in inclination,
azimuth angle and field strength, but without strong forces acting on the gas.
The field is nearly horizontal in a region around the cusp-shaped top of the
gap, thereby providing an environment for Evershed flows. We identify this
region with the recently discovered dark penumbral cores. Its darkness has the
same cause as the dark lanes in umbral light-bridges, reproduced in numerical
simulations by Nordlund and Stein (2005). We predict that the large vertical
and horizontal gradients of the magnetic field inclination and azimuth in the
potential field model will produce the net circular polarization seen in
observations. The model also explains the significant elevation of bright
filaments above their surroundings. It predicts that dark areas in the penumbra
are of two different kinds: dark filament cores containing the most inclined
(horizontal) fields, and regions between bright filaments, containing the least
inclined field lines.Comment: submitted to A&
Buildings behaving badly:A behavioral experiment on how different motivational frames influence residential energy label adoption in the Netherlands
Heating buildings contributes to approximately 36% of Europe’s energy demand and several EU member states have adopted mandatory energy labels to improve energy efficiency by promoting home weatherization investments. This paper focuses on the perception of the energy label for residential buildings in the Netherlands and the role of different frames (egoistic, biospheric and social norms and neutral frames) in motivating adoption of energy labels for housing. We used a behavioral email experiment and an online survey to investigate these motivational factors. We find that biospheric frames are weaker than the other three motivational frames in terms of engaging interest in the energy label, but that the biospheric frame results in higher willingness to pay (WTP) for the energy label. We also find that age (rather than income) correlates with higher willingness to pay for home energy labels
Acute lower limb compartment syndrome after Cesarean section: a case report
Abstract: Introduction Acute compartment syndrome of the lower limb is a rare but severe intra- and post-partum complication. Prompt diagnosis is essential to avoid permanent functional restriction or even the loss of the affected limb. Clinical signs and symptoms might be nonspecific, especially in the early stages; therefore, knowledge of predisposing risk factors can be helpful. Case presentation We present the case of a 32-year-old Caucasian woman with acute post-partum compartment syndrome. Conclusion: Acute compartment syndrome is an important differential diagnosis for the sudden onset of intra- or post-partum lower-limb pain. Predisposing factors for the manifestation of acute compartment syndrome in an obstetric environment are augmented intra-partum blood loss, prolonged hypotensive episodes and the use of oxytocin to support or induce labor because of its vasoconstrictive properties. Treatment is prompt surgical decompression by performing fasciotomy in any affected muscular compartments
On the fine structure of the sunspot penumbrae. III The vertical extension of penumbral filaments
In this paper we study the fine structure of the penumbra as inferred from
the uncombed model (flux tube embedded in a magnetic surrounding) when applied
to penumbral spectropolarimetric data from the neutral iron lines at 6300 \AA.
The inversion infers very similar radial dependences in the physical quantities
(LOS velocity, magnetic field strength etc) as those obtained from the
inversion of the Fe I 1.56 m lines. In addition, the large Stokes area
asymmetry exhibited by the visible lines helps to constrain the size of the
penumbral flux tubes. As we demonstrate here, the uncombed model is able to
reproduce the area asymmetry with striking accuracy, returning flux tubes as
thick as 100-300 kilometers in the vertical direction, in good agreement with
previous investigations.Comment: submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysic
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