Modeling a User-Oriented Ontology on Accessible Homes for Supporting Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in Healthy Aging

Inaccessibility of the buildings is the most common obstacle which presents barriers for older adults with different motor abilities. An inclusive design process, where elderly and designers work together, is required to overcome this obstacle. To do so, this study proposes a user-oriented model (i) to define a knowledge presentation for designers; (ii) to assist them during the development of accessible homes and (iii) to accommodate exemplary home attributes for activities of daily living (ADL). The ontology for this model was first constructed by collecting user information through LEGO® Serious Play® on the four subdomains of motor abilities: (1) strength; (2) balance; (3) locomotion; and (4) endurance. The findings of this study are significant for future aging studies and mobile computing researches in terms of indicating that diverse motor ability difficulties are associated with different requirements of accessibility attributes, and structured knowledge is required to diagrammatize their association with ADL

A Canine Gait Analysis Protocol for Back Movement Assessment in German Shepherd Dogs

Objective-To design and test a motion analysis protocol for the gait analysis of adult German Shepherd (GS) dogs with a focus in the analyses of their back movements. Animals-Eight clinically healthy adult large-sized GS dogs (age, 4 +/- 1.3 years; weight, 38.8 +/- 4.2 kg). Procedures-A six-camera stereo-photogrammetric system and two force platforms were used for data acquisition. Experimental acquisition sessions consisted of static and gait trials. During gait trials, each dog walked along a 6 m long walkway at self-selected speed and a total of six gait cycles were recorded. Results-Grand mean and standard deviation of ground reaction forces of fore and hind limbs are reported. Spatial-temporal parameters averaged over gait cycles and subjects, their mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variance are analyzed. Joint kinematics for the hip, stifle and tarsal joints and their average range of motion (ROM) values, and their 95% Confidence Interval (CI) values of kinematics curves are reported. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-This study provides normative data of healthy GS dogs to form a preliminary basis in the analysis of the spatial-temporal parameters, kinematics and kinetics during quadrupedal stance posture and gait. Also, a new back movement protocol enabling a multi-segment back model is provided. Results show that the proposed gait analysis protocol may become a useful and objective tool for the evaluation of canine treatment with special focus on the back movement

Human inbreeding has decreased in time through the Holocene

The history of human inbreeding is controversial. In particular, how the development of sedentary and/or agricultural societies may have influenced overall inbreeding levels is unclear. Here we present an approach for reliable estimation of runs of homozygosity (ROH) in genomes with ≥3x mean sequence coverage across >1 million SNPs, and apply this to 411 ancient Eurasian genomes from the last 15,000 years. We show that the frequency of inbreeding, as measured by ROH, has decreased over time. The strongest effect is associated with the Neolithic transition, but the trend has since continued, indicating a population size effect on inbreeding prevalence. We further show that most inbreeding in our historical sample can be attributed to small population size instead of consanguinity. We observed singular cases of high consanguinity only among members of farming societies

A genomic snapshot of demographic and cultural dynamism in Upper Mesopotamia during the Neolithic Transition

Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and foodways. We present thirteen ancient genomes (c.8500-7500 calBCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying a mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organised along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head-shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü's cultural ingenuity. Finally, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesise that Upper Mesopotamia's cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Yurtman, ozer, Yuncu et al. provide an ancient DNA data set to demonstrate the impact of human activity on the demographic history of domestic sheep. The authors demonstrate that there may have been multiple domestication events with notable changes to the gene pool of European and Anatolian sheep since the Neolithic. Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

Matris parçalanmaları ve pseudo inverse

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır.ÖZET Bu çalışmada amacımız, Lineer Denklem takımlarının çözümlerin çeşitli yöntemlerle belirlemek ve analiz etmektir. Bilhassa, kare olmayan matrisler için çözümlerin değişik stratejilerle ve yöntemlerle nasıl elde edildiğini bulmak ve metodun sayısal hesaplanmasında karşılaşılabilecek strabilite problemlerini ve hata analizini yapmaktır. LU ayrışımı, Q.R ayrışımı (House Holder), B.T. (Gram Schmidt) Tekil-Değer Parçalanması ve Pseudo inverse kavramları bu bağlamda ele alınmıştır. Pseudo Inverse hesabı için Gram Schmidt ayrıştırması en son metodlardan birisi olarak anlatılmıştır. VIMATRIX DECOMPOSITION AND PSEUDO INVERSE SUMMARY In this theses our purpose is obtain the solutions of the linear systems of equations and analyzing. Particularly, non-squared matrixes, Finding solution for some different strategy and error estimates, stability of algorithm very important concept in numerical calculation. LU decomposition, QR decomposition, Gram Schmidt proses, Singular- Value decomposition and Pseudo Inverse some methods our work. We introduce another methods to find Pseudo Inverse using Gram-Schmidt Algorithm. Vl

Investıgatıon Of The Effect Of Metallıc Based Carbon Nanotube Addıtıve On Dıesel-Bıodıesel Blend On Engıne Performance And Exhaust Emıssıons

Bu çalışmada, tek silindirli dört zamanlı bir dizel motorunda B20 harman yakıtına 25, 50, 75 ve 100 ppm konsantrasyonlarında metalik esaslı karbon nanotüp ilavesinin motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Testlerin gerçekleştirilmesi için hazırlanan B20 karışım yakıtına ait biyodizel Gazi Üniversitesi Otomotiv Mühendisliği Biyodizel Laboratuvarında atık ayçiçeği kızartma yağları kullanılarak transesterifikasyon yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Standart dizel ve biyodizel ile hazırlanan harmandan MWCNT (çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp) katkısının ilavesi ile B20MWCNT25, B20MWCNT50, B20MWCNT75, B20MWCNT100 yakıtları elde edilmiştir. Dizel motorunda karbon nanotüp ilaveli yeni yakıtların kullanılmasıyla tam gaz konumunda 1.600, 1.800, 2.000, 2.200, 2400 ve 2.600 dev/dk hızlarında yapılan deneyler sonucunda farklı devir hızları itibariyle tork, güç, özgül yakıt tüketimi,silindir içi basınç egzoz emisyonlarına ait değerler B20 biyodizel harman yakıtı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak karbon nanotüp ilaveli harman yakıtın dizel motorlarında kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. MWCNT katkı miktarının artışı ile motor gücünde ve motor torkunda artış gözlemlenirken daha iyi bir yanmanın gerçekleşmesi ile özgül yakıt tüketiminde azalmalar görülmüştür. HC, CO ve partikül madde emisyonlarında katkı maddesi ihtivasındaki artışa bağlı olarak azalma gözlenirken NOx emisyonlarında ise silindir içi basınç ve sıcaklığın yükselmesi nedeniyle artış görülmüştürIn this study, the effects of adding metallic based carbon nanotubes to B20 blend fuel at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm concentrations on engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated in a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. The biodiesel of the B20 mixed fuel prepared to carry out the tests was produced by the transesterification method in Gazi University Automotive Engineering Biodiesel Laboratory using waste sunflower frying oils. B20MWCNT25, B20MWCNT50, B20MWCNT75, B20MWCNT100 fuels were obtained from the blend prepared with standard diesel and biodiesel with the addition of MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotube) additive. The results of torque, power and specific fuel consumption results and different exhaust emission values at different engine speeds as a result of testing new fuels with carbon nanotube additions in the diesel engine at full throttle positions at 1,600, 1,800, 2,000, 2,200, 2400 and 2,600 rpm compared with blended fuel. As a result, it has been determined that carbon nanotube added blend fuel can be used in diesel engines. While an increase in the engine power and engine torque was observed with the increase of MWCNT additive amount, a decrease in specific fuel consumption was observed with a better combustion. While a decrease was observed in HC, CO and particulate emissions due to the increase in additive content, NOx emissions increased due to the increase in the cylinder pressure and temperatur