Optimizing decomposition of software architecture for local recovery

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The increasing size and complexity of software systems has led to an amplified number of potential failures and as such makes it harder to ensure software reliability. Since it is usually hard to prevent all the failures, fault tolerance techniques have become more important. An essential element of fault tolerance is the recovery from failures. Local recovery is an effective approach whereby only the erroneous parts of the system are recovered while the other parts remain available. For achieving local recovery, the architecture needs to be decomposed into separate units that can be recovered in isolation. Usually, there are many different alternative ways to decompose the system into recoverable units. It appears that each of these decomposition alternatives performs differently with respect to availability and performance metrics. We propose a systematic approach dedicated to optimizing the decomposition of software architecture for local recovery. The approach provides systematic guidelines to depict the design space of the possible decomposition alternatives, to reduce the design space with respect to domain and stakeholder constraints and to balance the feasible alternatives with respect to availability and performance. The approach is supported by an integrated set of tools and illustrated for the open-source MPlayer software

Collecting validity evidence for longitudinal measurement designs using multi-trait multi-method and latent growth curve models [Boylamsal ölçme modelleri için geçerlik argümanı: çoklu-özellik çoklu-yöntem ve örtük büyüme modellerinin kullanımı]

In spite of the recent trends in Educational Research highlighting the importance of non-cognitive traits, such as well-being, as priority learning outcomes, longitudinal measurement models that would be the most suited to measure such states and traits have not been fully explored. The current study illustrates some of the potential advantages of longitudinal assessment designs using data collected to study the relationship between sleep quality and well-being of university of education students through a prospective research study. The data were collected using a four-week assessment design and required students to respond to "weekly" self-ratings scales on-line. The relationships between weekly measurements were evaluated using the Multi Trait Multi Method, while the predictive power of sleep quality or other indicators on well-being were estimated using the Latent Growth Curve Modeling. The findings support that longitudinal measurement models can be useful assessment tools when making inferences about state versus trait nature of the variables from the affective domain and whether the intraor the inter-relationships among them change over time. Moreover, the results suggest that using longitudinal, instead of single-take, measurements may greatly enhance the validity arguments when it the competencies of interest are prone show growth or change over time. © 2019, Ankara University. All rights reserved

Effect of water activity on fracture and acoustic characteristics of a crust model

A crust model is described that is suited to study crispness of bread crusts as a function of steady state water activity. The study of crispness of this type of products as a function of water activity is complicated since the way a bread crust fractures does not depend on the crust only but also on the properties of the crumb, the curvature of the crust and on the gradient of water activity/content inside the crust. To circumvent these problems a baked crust model was developed. The crust model has similar properties as bread crust in terms of morphology and water adsorption behaviour. The suitability of using the crust model to investigate crispness was validated by studying the effect of water activity on its fracture behaviour and accompanying acoustic emission by using a wedge fracture test. Crispness of the crust model was characterized by a low work of fracture and a high number of sound and force events. When the water activity increased to 0.65 a significant increase of the force required to break the sample was observed, due to moisture toughening. Simultaneously a decrease in the number of force and sound events was found, pointing to a decrease of crispness of the crust model due to water plasticization

Pineal and cortical melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are decreased in Alzheimer's disease

The pineal hormone melatonin is involved in physiological transduction of temporal information from the light dark cycle to circadian and seasonal behavioural rhythms, as well as possessing neuroprotective properties. Melatonin and its receptors MT1 and MT2, which belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with severe consequences to neuropathology and clinical symptoms. The present data provides the first immunohistochemical evidence for the cellular localization of the both melatonin receptors in the human pineal gland and occipital cortex, and demonstrates their alterations in AD. We localized MT1 and MT2 in the pineal gland and occipital cortex of 7 elderly controls and 11 AD patients using immunohistochemistry with peroxidase-staining. In the pineal gland both MT1 and MT2 were localized to pinealocytes, whereas in the cortex both receptors were expressed in some pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells. In patients with AD, parallel to degenerative tissue changes, there was an overall decrease in the intensity of receptors in both brain regions. In line with our previous findings, melatonin receptor expression in AD is impaired in two additional brain areas, and may contribute to disease pathology

Potential to reduce GHG emissions and land use by substituting animal-based proteins by foods containing oat protein concentrate

The potential to reduce GHG emissions and land use of the diet by replacing animal-based protein sources with foods containing oat protein concentrate (OPC) was analysed by life cycle assessment (LCA) of six different scenarios of daily food intake of one adult. The OPC was used in the preparation of bread and pasta and as a substitute for milk in yoghurt resulting in a higher protein content of these foods. The present study showed, that dietary-related GHG emissions and land use can be reduced by substituting animal-based proteins by foods containing oat protein. If the oat protein (OPC) enriched food items substitute animal based protein sources in the diet proportionally, GHG emission from the diet could be reduced by 8% and land use by 14%. However, if the OPC enriched food items are used specifically to replace intake of all beef and some pork, GHG emissions from the diet could be reduced by 13% and land use by 26%. Thereby, use of new plant-based protein ingredients in diets has a considerable potential to mitigate climate change and reduce land use. Even though the presented scenarios are extreme, they clearly demonstrate the potential that OPC food products made it possible to replace some of the animal-based protein with this plant-based protein source.</p

A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Brainstem involvement [Nöromiyelitis optika spektrum bozukluğu olgusu: Beyinsapi{dotless} tutulumu]

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic's disease, which mainly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord, is differentiated from the other demyelinating diseases by presence of NMO IgG/antiaquoporin-4 antibody (Anti-AQP4 Ab), poor prognosis, and absence of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands. Patients who do not meet the criteria for definite NMO, are considered as NMO spectrum disorders (NMOsd). Brain MRI lesions suggestive of NMO may be considered as an alternate supportive evidence for the diagnosis of NMOsd in patients with recurrent optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), recurrent brainstem, hypothalamic or encephalopathy symptoms, and AQP4-IgG seronegative status. We present a case with involvement of brainstem and cervical spinal cord and with NMO IgG positivity who considered as NMOsd together with the relevant literature

A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Brainstem involvement [Nöromiyelitis optika spektrum bozuklu?u olgusu: Beyinsapi{dotless} tutulumu]

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic's disease, which mainly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord, is differentiated from the other demyelinating diseases by presence of NMO IgG/antiaquoporin-4 antibody (Anti-AQP4 Ab), poor prognosis, and absence of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands. Patients who do not meet the criteria for definite NMO, are considered as NMO spectrum disorders (NMOsd). Brain MRI lesions suggestive of NMO may be considered as an alternate supportive evidence for the diagnosis of NMOsd in patients with recurrent optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), recurrent brainstem, hypothalamic or encephalopathy symptoms, and AQP4-IgG seronegative status. We present a case with involvement of brainstem and cervical spinal cord and with NMO IgG positivity who considered as NMOsd together with the relevant literature