Determining the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, physical activity and self-efficacy behaviors based on obesity status among adolescents

Purpose: This study was conducted to specify the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, physical activity, and self-efficacy behaviors based on obesity status among adolescents.Methods: In the study, descriptive-correlational design type was used. The sample of the study consisted of 530 adolescents and their parents selected among 5th grade students studying in five secondary schools by using the stratified random sampling method. The study data were collected using the Family Information Questionnaire, the Nutrition Knowledge Scale,the Diet Behavior Scale,the Children’s Dietary Self-Efficacy Scale and the Exercise Behavior Scale. Adolescents were assessed according to body mass index percentages in overweight - obese and normal weight groups in two groups. SPSS 22 program was used in the analysis of the data. For the data assessment, descriptive statistical methods (mean, median, number, percentage) were used. Pearson’s Chi-Square test was applied for comparison of categorical data. The t-test was performed in between-group comparison of parameters. Results: 50.9% of the adolescents were male and 30% of them n=(159) were found to be overweight and obese according to BMI. There was no significant difference between the BMI normal, and overweight/obese adolescents according to gender, age, income status and the mother’s educational level (p>0.05). The difference between BMI normal and overweight/obese children based on Father’s Educational Level, Mother’s BMI, and Father’s BMI values was significant.  As educational level of the father and BMI value of mother and father increased, the rate of overweight-obese adolescents also increased (p<0.05). It was found that adolescents’ mean “physical activity behaviors” was 17.457 ± 3.732; “nutrition knowledge mean score” was 11,330 ± 3,258; “dietary self-efficacy” mean score was 5.138 ± 5.386; “dietary behavior” mean score was 3.694 ± 5.324. The adolescents’ physical activity behaviors were high, self-efficacy behaviors were good, and nutrition knowledge levels and dietary behaviors were at moderate level. Nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacy of overweight and obese adolescents were found to be high (p<0.05). No significant difference was found among the groups based on physical activity behaviors (p>0.05).  Conclusion: All adolescents' nutritional knowledge and nutritional behavior scores were moderate. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional behavior and nutrition self-efficacy scores were high in overweight / obese adolescents. This result may be due to the fact that adolescents and parents in the overweight and obese group are more cautious about nutritional behavior.  It can be said that obese adolescents can not turn into information behaviors. Attempts can be made for this. In this regard, larger studies can be suggested

Effect of sage extract (Salvia officinalis) on growth performance, blood parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in partridges

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different doses of sage extract on the growth and blood parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in partridges. In total, 252 day-old partridges (Alectoris chukar) were used. The birds were divided into four groups: 0.1% flavomycin was included in the diet of the control group (I) while 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mL sage extract/kg were included in the diets of treatment groups II, III and IV, respectively. At the end of the experiment no significant differences between treatments were observed in live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and survival rate. In addition, blood analyses indicated that the differences between groups in the amounts of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and alkaline phosphates (ALP) were not significantly different. Furthermore, treatments did not affect total sulphydryl (SH) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) concentrations, total antioxidant response or the total oxidant status (TOS). However, sage extract significantly decreased DNA damage in a linear, dose-dependent manner whilst the antibiotic, flavomycin, elevated the oxidative stress index (OSI) and resulted in DNA damage. It was concluded that supplementing sage extract in the partridge diet at the doses studied does not lead to a negative effect on the growth performance of these birds. Keywords: Salvia officinalis, Alectoris chukar, growth performance, blood parameters, DNA damage South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 38 (2) 2008: pp. 145-15

The effects of exercise order on the psychophysiological responses, physical and technical performances of young soccer players: Combined small-sided games and high-intensity interval training

This study aimed to compare the order effects of combined small-sided games (SSGs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the psychophysiological responses and physical and technical performances of young soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (aged 14.63 ± 0.71 years) were randomly divided into SSGs + HIIT (n = 12) and HIIT + SSGs (n = 12) for 6 weeks. The SSGs consisted of two 4–16 min rounds of 2, 3, and four-a-side games with 2 min of passive resting, whereas the HIIT consisted of 6–10 min of high-intensity runs at varying intensities (from 90 to 100%). Pre-test and post-test elements included a 5–30 m sprint test, countermovement jump test, zigzag agility test with the ball and without the ball, repeated sprint ability test, speed dribbling ability test, three-corner run test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1. Both combined training interventions produced similar improvements in physical performance and technical responses (p ? 0.05, d values ranging from 0.40 to 1.10). However, the combined HIIT + SSGs training produced meaningfully lower perceived exertion (p = 0.00, d = 2.98) and greater physical enjoyment (p = 0.00, d = 4.28) compared with the SSGs + HIIT intervention. Furthermore, the SSGs + HIIT group showed a higher training load than those from the HIIT + SSGs group for all weeks (p ? 0.05, d values ranging from 1.36 to 2.05). The present study’s results might be used by coaches and practitioners to design training programmes for youth soccer players. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.UIDB/EEA/50008/2020Funding: Filipe Manuel Clemente: This work is funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnolo-gia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/EEA/50008/2020

Knowledge and attitudes of nursing students concerning HPV vaccinationHemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin HPV aşısına yönelik bilgi ve tutumları

 Aim: The present study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of the nursing students concerning Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Method:This cross-sectional study was carried out over 810 undergraduate students studying in the Departments of Nursing at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (n=404) and Trakya University (n=406) between November 2017 and March 2018.  The data were collected with an information form developed by the researchers based on the available literature. The data were assessed using the descriptive statistics by using SPSS 21.0, a statistical software program.Findings: The results concerning the knowledge of the nursing students on HPV vaccine showed that 65.8% heard of HPV vaccine, 51.6% had no prior knowledge on HPV vaccine, 93.7% wished to be informed about HPV vaccine, 40.4% thought that HPV vaccine should be administered to any person with an active sexual life, 68.6% and 73.1% thought that HPV vaccine was effective in the prevention of genital warts and cervical cancer, respectively. The results on the participants’ attitudes towards HPV vaccine revealed that 96.5% of the participants did not receive HPV vaccine while 60.1% wished to receive it.Conclusion: Most of the nursing students had no knowledge of HPV vaccine and very few received it. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmada, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin HPV aşısına yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Kasım 2017-Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart (n=404) ve Trakya (n=406) Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bölümü’nde eğitim alan n=810 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından literatür incelenerek hazırlanan bir bilgi formu ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemi ile SPSS 21.0 istatistiksel paket programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin HPV aşısı ile ilgili bilgi durumlarına bakıldığında; %65.8’inin HPV aşısını duyduğu, %51.6’sının HPV aşısı hakkında daha önce bilgi almadığı, %93.7’sinin HPV aşısı hakkında bilgi almak istediği, %40.4’ü HPV aşısının cinsel aktif olan herkese yapılması gerektiğini düşündüğü, %68.6’sının HPV aşısının genital siğilleri ve %73.1’inin serviks kanserini önlemede etkili olduğunu düşündüğü belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin HPV aşısı ile ilgili tutumları incelendiğinde; %96.5’inin HPV aşısını yaptırmadığı, %60.1’inin HPV aşısı yaptırmak istediği saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin çoğunluğu HPV aşısı hakkında bilgi almamış olup çok az sayıda öğrenci HPV aşısını yaptırmıştır.

Exergy analysis of energy-intensive production processes: advancing towards a sustainable chemical industry

Exergy analysis is becoming a very powerful strategy to evaluate the real efficiency of a process. Its application in the chemical industry is still at an early stage but many interesting remarks can be obtained from the recent research in the most energy intensive processes of the chemical industry: the production of chemicals, the cement industry, the paper industry and, the iron and steel industry. The present review analyzes the opportunities and challenges in those sectors by considering exergy analyses as the first required step (although not sufficient) to advance towards a more sustainable chemical industry. Social, environmental and economic factors play a role in the critical evaluation of a process and exergy could be considered as the property that joins together those three cores of sustainability

Sugar beet root growth under different watering regimes: a minirhizotron study

The yield of sugar beet is often reduced by drought stress and it has previously been shown that water uptake, especially from deeper layers of the soil profile, may be limited by inadequate total root length. Experiments were conducted to assess root growth at different depths in response to specific watering regimes. Sugar beet plants were grown in wooden boxes (2.16 m2 × 1.2 m) in a polytunnel in two consecutive years. Minirhizotrons allowed regular monitoring of root growth at five different depths. Only when water in the upper soil layers had been depleted, did roots start proliferating in deeper soil layers. This development of the root system architecture, together with a lag between roots arriving at depth and actively taking up water, led to a delay in water being extracted from those deeper layers. During the period when roots were proliferating at depth, stomatal conductance reduced, indicating that the plants were suffering from water stress despite there still being water available. Even though new soil layers with high water availability were explored the stomatal conductance did not recover

Opere Edilmiş Olan Konjenital/İnfantil Katarakt Hastalarında Klinik Özellikler, Zaman İçerisinde Oküler Parametrelerin Değişimi, Oküler Erken ve Geç Dönem Komplikasyonlarının Gelişmesinde Klinik Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi

The aim of this study was to determine the change of ocular parameters, early and late complications, their relationship with clinical features and preoperative risk factors in unilateral/bilateral congenital/infantile cataracts. Patients aged 0-3 years who underwent surgery for unilateral/bilateral congenital/infantile cataracts were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, systemic screening results, preoperative and postoperative ophthalmologic examination findings, ocular biometry characteristics, early and late postoperative complications and additional surgeries were recorded. In this study 58 eyes of 34 patients, 18 girls and 16 boys were included. Twenty-four patients underwent bilateral and 10 patients underwent unilateral cataract surgery. The mean age at surgery was 12.0±12.2 (1.7-35.6) and the mean follow-up was 52.0±24.4 months. Postoperatively, the most common complication was posterior synechia in 9 eyes (15.6%), followed by capsular phimosis in 8 eyes (13.8%). The most common late complication was capsular phimosis in 10 eyes (17.2%), followed by visual axis opacification in 6 eyes (10.3%). The rate of additional surgery was 27%, and the most common cause was a capsullectomy procedure for capsular phimosis at a rate of 13.6%. The mean preoperative axial length was 18.6±2.4 mm; postoperative 21.1±1.3 mm (p<0.05). Aphakic glaucoma developed in six patients (17.6%) with an average of 40.9±34.2 (1.1-84.7) months. The risk factors for aphakic glaucoma were family history of congenital cataract, postoperative anterior synechia, capsular phimosis and short preoperative axial length (p=0.010, p=0.014, p=0.025 and p=0.005 respectively). The best corrected visual acuity in 33 eyes where visual acuity can be evaluated at the last follow-up is 0.11±0.16 (0.1-0.9) in 7 eyes in the unilateral group, and 0.41±0.24 (0.01-0.04) in 24 eyes in the bilateral group. Congenital cataract requires early diagnosis and treatment because of the risk of visual loss. Aphakic glaucoma is one of the most serious complications seen after surgery and since it may develop early and late postoperatively, close and lifelong follow-up is required in all patients, especially in patients with risk factors.Bu çalışmanın amacı opere tek/çift taraflı konjenital/infantil katarakt olgularında postoperatif dönemde göze ait parametrelerin değişimini, erken ve geç dönem komplikasyonları, bunların klinik özelliklerle ilişkisini ve preoperatif risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Tek/çift taraflı konjenital/infantil katarakt nedeniyle ameliyat edilmiş ve takibi olan 0-3 yaş arası hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, sistemik tarama sonuçları, preoperatif ve postoperatif oftalmolojik muayene bulguları, oküler biyometrik özellikleri, ameliyat sonrası erken ve geç dönem komplikasyonları, uygulanan ek cerrahiler kaydedildi. Bu çalışmaya 18 kız, 16 erkek toplam 34 hastanın 58 gözü dahil edildi. Yirmi dört hastada çift, 10 hastada tek taraflı katarakt ameliyatı yapıldı. Cerrahi yaş ortalama 12,0 ± 12,2 (1,7-35,6) ve takip süresi ortalama 52,0 ± 24,4 aydı. Postoperatif erken dönemde en sık görülen komplikasyon 9 gözde (%15,6) arka sineşi olup bunu 8 gözde (%13,8) kapsüler fimozis izliyordu. Geç dönemde en sık görülen komplikasyon 10 gözde (%17,2) kapsüler fimozis olup, bunu 6 gözde (%10,3) görme aksı opasifikasyonu izliyordu. Ek cerrahi geçirme oranı %27 olup, en sık neden %13,6 oranında kapsüler fimozise yönelik kapsülektomi prosedürü uygulandı. Aksiyel uzunluk preoperatif ortalama 18,6 ± 2,4 mm; postoperatif ise 21,1 ± 1,3 mm idi (p<0,05). Afak glokom altı hastada (%17,6) ve ortalama 40,9 ± 34,2 (1,1-84,7) ayda gelişti. Afak glokom için risk faktörleri ailede konjenital katarakt öyküsü varlığı, postoperatif ön sineşi gelişimi, kapsüler fimozis varlığı ve preoperatif aksiyel uzunluğun kısa olmasıydı (sırasıyla p=0,010; p=0,014; p=0,025 ve p=0,005). Son kontrolde görmenin değerlendirilebildiği 33 gözde en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği tek taraflı grupta 7 gözde ortalama 0,11 ± 0,16 (0,1-0,9), çift taraflı grupta 24 gözde 0,41 ± 0,24 (0,01-0,4) idi. Konjenital katarakt, görme kaybı riski nedeniyle erken tanı ve tedavi gerektirmektedir. Afak glokom, cerrahi sonrası görülen en ciddi komplikasyonlardan biridir ve postoperatif erken ve geç dönemde gelişebildiği için risk faktörleri olan hastalar başta olmak üzere tüm hastalarda yakın ve ömür boyu takip gerekmektedir