Desarrollo de un método para la determinación de densidad de muestras de arena con retro dispersión γ

La retrodispersiónn de rayos gamma ha sido utilizada para estudiar las propiedades de algunos materiales. Esta técnica es muy significativa cuando sólo es posible acceder a un sólo lado del material a estudiar. Por esta razón, esta técnica puede ser aplicada a la detección de objetos enterrados. Para caracterizar la interacción de la radiación con los materiales de la muestra, se estudia la relación entre las intensidades y las energías de los fotones transmitidos y retrodispersados por capas de arena para diferentes grosores. Para esta caracterización se tendrá en cuenta que la sección efícaz de los principales procesos de interacción de la radiación con la materia dependen del número atómico de los elementos del blanco. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de la caracterización de la radiación para aluminio y arena aplicados en el desarrollo de un método para la determinación de la densidad de muestras de arena con retrodispersión gamma. En el montaje experimental se utiliza una fuente de 137Cs y un detector de centelleo de NaI. El coeficiente de atenuación de las muestras y su densidad son determinados haciendo uso de los espectros de transmisión. De los espectros de retrodispersión se puede conocer la intensidad relativa de fotones dispersados, una o múltiples veces, como una función del espesor de las capas de arena.Maestrí

Ru-Promoted Ni/γAl2O3 Fluidized Catalyst for Biomass Gasification

Fluidizable catalysts based on Ni/γAl2O3 with added Ru were used for the gasification of a lignin surrogate (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) in a fluidized CREC Riser Simulator reactor. This was done in order to quantify lignin surrogate conversion and lignin surrogate products (H2, CO, CO2 and CH4) as well as the coke deposited on the catalyst. The catalysts that were evaluated contained 5% wt. Ni with various Ru loadings (0.25%, 0.5% and 1% wt). These catalysts were synthesized using an incipient Ni and Ru co-impregnation. Catalysts were characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption (BET Surface Area, BJH), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and H2 chemisorption. Catalytic steam gasification took place at 550, 600 and 650 ◦C using 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, steam/biomass ratios. The results obtained showed that Ru addition helped to decrease both nickel crystallite site sizes and catalyst acid site density. Moreover, it was observed that coke on the catalyst was reduced by 60%. This was the case when compared to the runs with the Ni/γAl2O3 free of Ru

Evidential flexibility and fairness: Proposals for post-conflict justice

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights, following guidelines of ius cogens and soft law in relation with the victim’s rights, has created rules of probative flexibilization to guarantee the effective jurisdictional tutelage to the victims of serious human rights violations. Thanks to this scenario, in Colombia, due of the legal-procedural design that has been created in virtue of the armed conflict, practices used in the ISHR have been insufficiently adopted in terms of probative flexibilization and the use of equity. The tools provided conforming to IHRL and IHL, when it will be adopted in a more comprehensive way, will provide more guarantees for victims, and will be a great practical and hermeneutical assistance to the damage judge to base their decisions for integral reparation incidents and direct reparation processes when they were related with serious violations of human rights

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia en la ciudad de Bogotá

El siguiente trabajo presenta preocupaciones en base a los distintos escenarios de violencia vividos en nuestro territorio colombiano el cual se evidencia por medio del diplomado de acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia, presenta diferentes eventos Psicosociales traumático de estas víctimas de violencia vista y analizada desde una perspectiva Psicológica, por medio de relatos de violencia y desplazamiento forzoso, lo que da como respuesta unos emergentes psicosociales como la pérdida de identidad, la estigmatización, daños a nivel físico y emocional. Es aquí donde la narrativa y la imagen son una herramienta fundamental para el abordaje psicosocial en estos escenarios de violencia persiguiendo el entendimiento de la dimensión psicosocial, la problematización de los fenómenos de violencia e identificación de habilidades para la intervención en crisis y recursos de afrontamiento, la resiliencia a nivel personal y comunitario así poder tener una mejor calidad de vida. En este trabajo se evidencia el análisis de dos relatos de violencia a causa del conflicto armado, el caso de Camilo y el caso de Peñas coloradas. En el caso de Camilo se hace una reflexión detallada de los impactos psicosociales, las voces que se encuentran evidentes en el relato, que revelan un posicionamiento subjetivo desde el lugar de víctima o sobreviviente; también da vista de significados alternos respecto a imágenes dominantes de la violencia y los impactos naturalizados como apartes que revelan un posicionamiento resiliente frente a las imágenes de horror de la violencia. Se elaboran una serie de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas que le brindaran a la víctima la oportunidad de reconocer sus valores, oportunidades permitiéndole encontrar recursos necesarios para que pase de ser víctima a sobreviviente y así tener un futuro más seguro y sólido ante la situación vivida. En el caso de peñas coloradas se plantean unas acciones y estrategias, que permiten darle sentido a su vida, elaborar los momentos traumáticos llegando a sanar las emociones, encontrar el valor que tienen como personas, empoderarse de sus orígenes y construir un nuevo proyecto de vida, donde se genere una meta y objetivos claros desde lo que se tiene en el presente y llegue a brindarles una mejor calidad de vida.The following work presents concerns based on the different scenarios of violence experienced in our Colombian territory, which is evidenced through the Diploma of Psychosocial accompaniment in Violence Scenes, presents different traumatic Psychosocial events of these victims of violence seen and analyzed from a perspective Psychological, through stories of violence and forced displacement, which responds to psychosocial emergencies such as loss of identity, stigmatization, physical and emotional damage. It is here where the narrative and the image are a fundamental tool for the psychosocial approach in these violence scenarios, pursuing the understanding of the psychosocial dimension, the problematization of the phenomena of violence and the identification of skills for intervention in crisis and coping resources. resilience at a personal and community level, thus being able to have a better quality of life. This work shows the analysis of two accounts of violence due to the armed conflict, the case of Camilo and the case of Peñas coloradas. In the case of Camilo, a detailed reflection is made of the psychosocial impacts, the voices that are evident in the story, which reveal a subjective position from the place of victim or survivor; it also provides a view of alternate meanings with respect to dominant images of violence and impacts naturalized as aside that reveal a resilient position in the face of horror images of violence. A series of circular, reflective and strategic questions are elaborated that will give the victim the opportunity to recognize their values, opportunities that allow them to find the necessary resources to go from being a victim to a survivor, which gives them a more secure and solid future before the situation experienced. In the case of peñas coloradas, some actions and strategies are proposed that allow them to give meaning to their lives, elaborate traumatic moments, healing their emotions, finding the value they have as people, empowering themselves from their origins and building a new life project, where a clear goal and objectives are generated from what we have in the present and come to provide them with a better quality of life

Valorisation of digestate from biowaste through solid-state fermentation to obtain value added bioproducts : a first approach

Altres ajuts: Laura Mejias thanks Generalitat de Catalunya for her pre-doctoral grant (reference 2017 DI019)Digestate from biowaste was assessed as a potential source of bioproducts of commercial and industrial interest through solid-state fermentation. The targeted bioproducts were hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases and proteases from autochthonous microbiome), biosurfactants (sophorolipids produced from Starmella bombicola) and biopesticides (produced from Bacillus thuringiensis). Low cellulase production was observed within the range of 0.5-1.5 FPU g⁻¹ DM while protease production showed two discrete peaks of 66 ± 8 and 65 ± 3 U g⁻¹ DM at 3.5 and 48 h, respectively. Low sophorolipids production was also obtained, with a maximum yield of 0.02 g g⁻¹ DM using hygienised digestate supplemented with external sugar and fat sources. Biopesticides produced by B. thuringiensis were successfully at 72 h of operation, reaching a maximum spore production of 8.15 ± 0.04 (10⁷) CFU g⁻¹ DM and 2.85 ± 0.22 (10⁷) CFU g⁻¹ DM using sterile and hygienised digestate, respectively. These biopesticides could contribute to the substitution of chemically produced pesticides, moving towards a sustainable digestate management in a circular economy scheme

A phase 3 trial of azacitidine versus a semi-intensive fludarabine and cytarabine schedule in older patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia

PETHEMA Group.[Background] Options to treat elderly patients (≥65 years old) newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) include intensive and attenuated chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents with or without venetoclax, and supportive care. This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a fludarabine, cytarabine, and filgrastim (FLUGA) regimen in comparison with azacitidine (AZA).[Methods] Patients (n = 283) were randomized 1:1 to FLUGA (n = 141) or AZA (n = 142). Response was evaluated after cycles 1, 3, 6, and 9. Measurable residual disease (MRD) was assessed after cycle 9. When MRD was ≥0.01%, patients continued with the treatment until relapse or progressive disease. Patients with MRD < 0.01% suspended treatment to enter the follow-up phase. [Results] The complete remission (CR) rate after 3 cycles was significantly better in the FLUGA arm (18% vs 9%; P = .04), but the CR/CR with incomplete recovery rate at 9 months was similar (33% vs 29%; P = .41). There were no significant differences between arms in early mortality at 30 or 60 days. Hematologic toxicities were more frequent with FLUGA, especially during induction. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate and the median OS were superior with AZA versus FLUGA: 47% versus 27% and 9.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-14 months) versus 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.7-5.5 months; P = .005), respectively. The median event-free survival was 4.9 months (95% CI, 2.8-7 months) with AZA and 3 months (95% CI, 2.5-3.5 months) with FLUGA (P = .001). [Conclusions] FLUGA achieved more remissions after 3 cycles, but the 1-year OS rate was superior with AZA. However, long-term outcomes were disappointing in both arms (3-year OS rate, 10% vs 5%). This study supports the use of an AZA backbone for future combinations in elderly patients with AML.This study was supported by the Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cancer of the Carlos III Health Institute (CB16/12/00369) and by the Carlos III Health Institute/Subdirectorate General for Health Research (FIS No. PI16/01661). Celgene provided the azacitidine and financial support for this study

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in the successive pandemic waves on hemodialysis patients and healthcare personnel

(1) Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 has been variable over the time course of the pandemic and in different populations. The aim was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 infection in a known population of hemodialysis (HD) patients and professionals in Spain at different times of the pandemic. (2) Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive study with a follow-up from 3 March 2020 to 23 April 2022 (776 days), using in average of 414 professionals and 1381 patients from 18 HD units in Spain. The data from the positive PCR or the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) subject were analyzed and segmented into six periods (waves). (3) Results: Of 703 positive COVID-19 tests, 524 were HD patients (74.5%), and 179 were HD professionals (25.5%). Overall, 38% of staff and 43% of patients were affected. Differences were observed in regard to incidence (21% vs. 13%), mortality (3.5% vs. 0%), and symptomatology between the patients and professionals and throughout the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: COVID-19 severity varied during different pandemic waves, with a greater impact seen in the first wave. HD professionals and patients had similar infection rates, but patients had higher mortality rates. Community transmission was the primary route of infection.This research received was founded by Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT). The research groups of S.M.-F. and E.G.-P. are funded by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y competitividad: FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI20/00487; PI21/01430). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Financiadores Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo Ministerio de Economia Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras Spain PI21/0143

Increased dosage of tumor suppressors limits the tumorigenicity of iPS cells without affecting their pluripotency

Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent a promising therapeutic tool for many diseases, including aged tissues and organs at high risk of failure. However, the intrinsic self-renewal and pluripotency of ES and iPS cells make them tumorigenic, and hence, the risk of tumor development hinders their clinical application. Here, we present a novel approach to limit their tumorigenicity and increase their safety through increased copy number of tumor suppressors. iPS containing an extra copy of the p53 or Ink4a/ARF locus show normal pluripotency, as determined by in vitro and in vivo differentiation assays. Yet, while retaining full pluripotency, they also possess an improved engagement of the p53 pathway during teratocarcinoma formation, which leads to a reduced tumorigenic potential in various in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, they show an improved response to anticancer drugs, which could aid in their elimination in case tumors arise with no adverse effects on cell function or aging. Our system provides a model for studying tumor suppressor pathways during reprogramming, differentiation, and cell therapy applications. This offers an improved understanding of the pathways involved in tumor growth from engrafted pluripotent stem cells, which could facilitate the use of ES and iPS cells in regenerative medicine

De Nueva España a México : El universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517-1917)

742 págs. Imágenes color y b/n. Partituras musicales.El fenómeno de las conmemoraciones culturales siempre ha sido un terreno abonado para la producción cultural y artística del que se han valido los Estados para ofrecer interpretaciones legitimadoras e ideologizadas de la historia, articuladas en torno a las ideas de memoria, nación y progreso. El presente volumen, resultado de una triple conmemoración (el centenario de la Revolución Mexicana y la publicación de la primera historia de la música en México de Alba Herrera –1917–, por un lado; y la llegada del militar andaluz Francisco Hernández de Córdoba a la costa de la península del Yucatán –1517–, por otro), presenta una visión retrospectiva de la historia musical mexicana a lo largo de esas cuatro centurias. Frente a la rígida división cronológica impuesta por ciertas narrativas, se ofrece así una noción inclusiva, actual e informada del universo musical mexicano en toda su multiplicidad y riqueza de matices, integrando las épocas colonial e independiente como lo que realmente son: partes constitutivas de la memoria musical, histórica, cultural y política del país, con las luces y las sombras propias de cualquier otro periodo