Perfiles hormonales durante el ciclo estral de la oveja

La actividad reproductiva de la oveja está controlada por el fotoperiodo y por mecanismos de retroalimentación hormonal sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-ganada

Estudio del proceso de desnitrificación en un reactor SBR alimentado con el afluente de un reactor anaerobio de membranas sumergidas SAnMER

The treatment or after-treatment of anaerobic effluent suggests study of various processes that allow the elimination or removal of contaminants. The objective of this work consisted in the study of the ability of denitrifícation under anoxic conditions using different givers of electrons, available in the SAnMBR such as reactor effluent: volatile fatty acids, dissolved methane and sulfur. The importance of this study lies in the possibility of using volatile fatty acids, methane and sulfide dissolved as givers of electrons, for the Elimination of nitrogen. The dissolved methane is a source of very cheap carbón and an effective greenhouse gas, requiring their removal. The SAnMBR reactor effluent contains significant concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, sulfur, acetic acid and elements dissolved methane and trace. During the operation of the reactor SBR (Sequencing Bacth Reactor) the concentration of nitrate in each cycle remained constant, around 50 mg N03-N l'1 The percentage of denitrifícation retrieved was higher than 60%. The microbiological study, using the FISH technique, showed the presence of bacteria metanotroficas (type I and II), sulfatoreductoras bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the reactor.El tratamiento o postratamiento de efluentes anaerobios sugiere del estudio de diversos procesos que permitan la eliminación o remoción de los contaminantes presentes. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en el estudio de la capacidad de desnitrificación en condiciones anóxicas utilizando los distintos dadores de electrones, disponibles en el efluente del reactor SAnMBR tales como: ácidos grasos volátiles, metano disuelto y sulfuro. La importancia de este estudio radica en la posibilidad de utilizar los ácidos grasos volátiles, el metano y el sulfuro disuelto como dadores de electrones, para la eliminación de nitrógeno. El metano disuelto es una fuente de carbono muy barato y un gas de efecto invernadero eficaz, siendo necesaria su eliminación. El efluente del reactor SAnMBR contiene concentraciones importantes de amonio, fósforo, sulfuro, ácido acético, elementos traza y metano disuelto. Durante la operación del reactor SBR (Sequencing Bacth Reactor) la concentración de nitrato en cada ciclo se mantuvo constante y en tomo a 50 mg N03-N l 1. El porcentaje de desnitrificación obtenido fue superior al 60%. El estudio microbiológico realizado, empleando la técnica FISH, mostró en el reactor la presencia de bacterias metanotróficas (tipo I y II), bacterias sulfatoreductoras y bacterias desnitrificantes

Plasmonic enhancement of second harmonic generation from nonlinear RbTiOPO4 crystals by aggregates of silver nanostructures

We demonstrate a 60–fold enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) response at the nanoscale in a hybrid metal-dielectric system. By using complex silver nanostructures photochemically deposited on the polar surface of a ferroelectric crystal, we tune the plasmonic resonances from the visible to the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, matching either the SH or the fundamental frequency. In both cases the SHG signal at the metal-dielectric interface is enhanced, although with substantially different enhancement values: around 5 times when the plasmonic resonance is at the SH frequency or up to 60 times when it matches the fundamental NIR radiation. The results are consistent with the more spatially-extended near-field response of complex metallic nanostructures and can be well explained by taking into account the quadratic character of the SHG process. The work points out the potential of aggregates of silver nanostructures for enhancing optical nonlinearities at the nanoscale and provides an alternative approach for the development of nanometric nonlinear photonic devices in a scalable way.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under projects MAT2013-43301-R, FIS2013-41184-P, MAT2013-47395-C4-4-R and TEC2014-55948-R. The authors also acknowledge Comunidad de Madrid under grant S2013/MIT-2740, Dept. of Industry of the Basque Country under project nanoGUNE’14, and Catalan Authority under project 2014SGF1358. F.D. acknowledges additional support through the ICREA Academia awards 2010ICREA-02 for excellence in research. LSG acknowledges FPU13/02476 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe

Selection of Advanced Bread Wheat Lines for Their Response to Premature Ripening Caused by Fusarium sp.

Objective: Screen a bread wheat trial for resistance to Crown root rot. Design/methodology/approach: one hundred and fifty experimental wheat lines with different genetic and physiological characteristics, were inoculated under greenhouse conditions with a mixture of five species of Fusarium, which were isolated from wheat commercial fields. The response of the wheat germplasm to the disease was scored through a disease index. Results: Sixty-three bread wheat experimental lines were identified with a disease severity of 1 to 9%, which are considered as resistant. Limitations on study/implications: The evaluation of wheat germplasm for disease resistance in the field presents important variables, which cannot be controlled, mainly for the spatial distribution of pathogens; hence, a better option is to carry out the trials under a controlled environment. Findings/conclusions: Eleven genotypes were selected based on their resistance to Crown rot and to a better grain yield per spike

Oxidative Stress and Parkinson’s Disease: Effects on Environmental Toxicology

Epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with environmental factors such as exposure to substances derived from industrial processes, use of agrochemicals, or living in a rural environment. The hypothesis that certain environmental toxins could be the source of the EP is supported by the discovery that chemicals such as herbicides paraquat, diquat, and the fungicide maneb are selectively toxic in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Also, one of the insecticides produced by plants, such as rotenone, and by-product of the synthesis of synthetic heroin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) can be reproduced in animal models where neurochemicals, histopathological, and clinical characteristic of PD can be found. Interestingly, there are similarities in the chemical structure of paraquat and MPTP. Recent evidence exhibited that inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of PD. So, in our laboratory we found that in an animal model melatonin decreases the products of lipid oxidation, nitric oxide metabolites, and the activity of cyclooxygenase 2, which are induced by an intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. This suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin are partially attributed to its antioxidant scavenging and anti-inflammatory action

Does native Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin mediate growth inhibition of a mammary tumor during infection?

Indexación: Web of Science.Background: For several decades now an antagonism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and tumor development has been detected. The molecular basis of this phenomenon remained basically unknown until our proposal that T. cruzi Calreticulin (TcCRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone, translocated-externalized by the parasite, may mediate at least an important part of this effect. Thus, recombinant TcCRT (rTcCRT) has important in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. However, the relevant question whether the in vivo antitumor effect of T. cruzi infection is indeed mediated by the native chaperone (nTcCRT), remains open. Herein, by using specific modified anti-rTcCRT antibodies (Abs), we have neutralized the antitumor activity of T. cruzi infection and extracts thereof, thus identifying nTcCRT as a valid mediator of this effect. Methods: Polyclonal anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments were used to reverse the capacity of rTcCRT to inhibit EAhy926 endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, as detected by BrdU uptake. Using these F(ab')(2) fragments, we also challenged the capacity of nTcCRT, during T. cruzi infection, to inhibit the growth of an aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TA3-MTXR) in mice. Moreover, we determined the capacity of anti-rTcCRT Abs to reverse the antitumor effect of an epimastigote extract (EE). Finally, the effects of these treatments on tumor histology were evaluated. Results: The rTcCRT capacity to inhibit ECs proliferation was reversed by anti-rTcCRT F(ab')(2) Ab fragments, thus defining them as valid probes to interfere in vivo with this important TcCRT function. Consequently, during infection, these Ab fragments also reversed the in vivo experimental mammary tumor growth. Moreover, anti-rTcCRT Abs also neutralized the antitumor effect of an EE, again identifying the chaperone protein as an important mediator of this anti mammary tumor effect. Finally, as determined by conventional histological parameters, in infected animals and in those treated with EE, less invasive tumors were observed while, as expected, treatment with F(ab')(2) Ab fragments increased malignancy. Conclusion: We have identified translocated/externalized nTcCRT as responsible for at least an important part of the anti mammary tumor effect of the chaperone observed during experimental infections with T. cruzi.http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2764-

Síndromes compresivos del nervio mediano. Revisión y actualización de la bibliografía

El nervio mediano desciende por el brazo y, en el codo, comienza a atravesar estructuras que pueden generar compresión, como el ligamento de Struthers, el lacertus fibrosus, el pronador redondo, el flexor superficial de los dedos. Finalmente, en la muñeca, se encuentra otro sitio de compresión producido por el ligamento transverso del carpo. Todas estas estructuras pueden provocar signos y síntomas de atrapamiento nervioso y favorecer el deterioro funcional del nervio. Nuestro objetivo es dar a conocer una actualización sobre estos sitios de atrapamiento del nervio mediano, y cómo realizar un diagnóstico preciso e indicar un tratamiento adecuado

Transient inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway prevents B-ALL development in genetically predisposed mice

Preventing development of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a disease with devastating effects, is a longstanding and unsolved challenge. Heterozygous germline alterations in the PAX5 gene can lead to B-ALL upon accumulation of secondary mutations affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that this malignant transformation occurs only under immune stress such as exposure to infectious pathogens. Here we show in Pax5+/− mice that transient, early-life administration of clinically relevant doses of ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, significantly mitigates the risk of B-ALL following exposure to infection; 1 of 29 animals treated with ruxolitinib developed B-ALL versus 8 of 34 untreated mice. Ruxolitinib treatment preferentially targeted Pax5+/− versus wild-type B-cell progenitors and exerted unique effects on the Pax5+/− B-cell progenitor transcriptional program. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence for a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL development.C. Cobaleda and C. Vicente-Dueñas labs are members of the EU COST Action LEGEND (CA16223). Research in C. Vicente-Dueñas group has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project " PI17/00167 and by a “Miguel Servet Grant” [CPII19/00024 - AES 2017-2020; co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/European Social Fund (ESF) "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future"]. J.J. Yang and K.E. Nichols receive funding from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) and R01CA241452 from the NCI. Research in ISG group is partially supported by FEDER and by SAF2015-64420-R MINECO/FEDER, UE, RTI2018-093314-B-I00 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE, 9659122185-122185-4-21 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE, by Junta de Castilla y León (UIC-017, CSI001U16, CSI234P18, and CSI144P20). M. Ramírez-Orellana and I. Sánchez-García have been supported by the Fundacion Unoentrecienmil (CUNINA project). C. Cobaleda, M. Ramírez-Orellana, and I. Sánchez-García have been supported by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (PRYCO211305SANC). A. Casado-García (CSI067-18) and M. Isidro-Hernández (CSI021-19) are supported by FSE-Conserjería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León 2019 and 2020 (ESF, European Social Fund) fellowship, respectively. J. Raboso-Gallego is supported by a scholarship from University of Salamanca co-financed by Banco Santander and ESF. S. Alemán-Arteaga is supported by an Ayuda para Contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctores (PRE2019-088887)

Benthic Fauna of Littoral and Deep-Sea Habitats of the Alboran Sea: A Hotspot of Biodiversity

En prens