Conhecimento e crescimento colombiano: uma aproximação através do progresso tecnológico e da mudança técnica.

This article shows that knowledge had played an important role in Colombian growth history. Using co-integration econometrical techniques, this article shows empirically, that Colombian economy take-off and growing since 1905 until the end of 1970, and its posterior decreasing until the end of XX century is directly related to the application of technological knowledge in productive activity.El artículo muestra que el conocimiento ha jugado un papel importante en la historia del crecimiento colombiano. Empleando las técnicas econométricas de co-integración, se muestra empíricamente, que el despegue y crecimiento de la economía colombiana desde 1905 hasta finales de la década de 1970, y su posterior disminución hasta finales del siglo XX está directamente relacionada con la aplicación o no del conocimiento tecnológico en la actividad productiva.O artigo mostra que o conhecimento exerceu um papel importante na história do crescimento colombiano. Empregando as técnicas econométricas de cointegração, mostra-se empiricamente que a decolagem e o crescimento da economia colombiana de 1905 até finais da década de 70, e sua posterior diminuição até finais do século XX, está diretamente relacionada com a aplicação ou não do conhecimento tecnológico na atividade produtiva

Estrategia de formación y producción transmedia para la radio y la televisión comunitaria del Tolima, Colombia

En un momento en el que se ha vuelto casi cliché hablar de lo digital, lo virtual, lo transmedia, lo crossmedia y lo multimedia, el libro Estrategia de formación y producción transmedia para la radio y la televisión comunitaria del Tolima, Colombia, es de suma pertinencia en el aprendizaje y los abordajes que se requieren para entender la transición de lo análogo a lo digital en las pequeñas organizaciones comunicativas de regiones apartadas que, a manera de medios de comunicación, luchan por subsistir en un entorno altamente infoxificado de contenidos “ligh” y fácilmente viralizables (con música, humor, memes o story time con relatos tristes, de superación personal o historias de mascotas) y que no responden al rescate de la identidad cultural, el fomento de la unidad vecinal o a dar cuenta de las problemáticas que apremian o las soluciones que se han encontrado a las mismas

A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of eco-innovation on financial performance: Identifying barriers and drivers

Junta de Castilla y León, Grant/Award Number: CLU-2019-03; Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: P20_00605; Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Numbers: A-SEJ-426-UGR20, B-SEJ-220-UGR18; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Grant/Award Number: PID2021-128713OB-I00; Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUAEco-innovation strategies are essential elements for companies developing core competencies in the circular economy model. The academic world has begun to study the knowledge of these business decisions, and there is incipient literature on the subject. In this context, this paper aims to contribute to the current knowledge on the impact of eco-innovation strategies on corporate performance by exposing and synthesizing the distinct positions found in the literature. For this purpose, a systematic and bibliometric review of 81 articles related to the economic impact of eco-innovation on firm performance, as well as the barriers and drivers of these strategies, was carried out. After analyzing the several types of eco-innovation, our results show that although previous empirical evidence suggests the existence of a positive effect, it is not generalizable due to the existence of several factors that may condition the impact of eco-innovation on corporate performance and its implementation. This study delves into the current academic literature on eco-innovation and firm performance, determining that both size and the environment in which a company is framed constitute a series of conditioning factors that may clarify why there is no consensus in the academic literature in this regard. In addition, this work encourages future lines of research with the aim of shedding light on this field of knowledge.Junta de Castilla y León, CLU-2019-03Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades P20_00605Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía A-SEJ-426-UGR20, B-SEJ-220-UGR18Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, PID2021-128713OB-I00Universidad de Granada/CBU

Domain wall dynamics in an optical Kerr cavity

An anisotropic (dichroic) optical cavity containing a self-focusing Kerr medium is shown to display a bifurcation between static --Ising-- and moving --Bloch-- domain walls, the so-called nonequilibrium Ising-Bloch transition (NIB). Bloch walls can show regular or irregular temporal behaviour, in particular, bursting and spiking. These phenomena are interpreted in terms of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the extended patterns connected by the wall, which display complex dynamical behaviour as well. Domain wall interaction, including the formation of bound states is also addressed.Comment: 15 pages Tex file with 11 postscript figures. Resubmitted to Phys. Rev.

The feeding of Cod (Gadus morhua) on Flemish Cap, 1989-90

The food and feeding of Flemish Cap cod (Gadus morhua) in summer are described for 2 years, 1989 and 1990. The summer feeding intensity was high and the prey spectrum was narrow in both years. Hyperidea and redfish stood out in the diet of the Flemish Cap cod. Illex illecebrosus and polychaetes had a high annual variability. In the juvenile cod diet, invertebrates (crustaceans and polychaetes) were dominant and in the adults the most important prey were fish, mainly redfish. The Schoener overlap index was calculated to study the intraspecific diet overlap. It was noted that cod diet changed between age groups 3-5 and 6-10. Cannibalism rates showed year-to-year fluctuations. Ingestion of redfish was similar in both years and a direct relationship between cod length and the length of redfish they preyed on was noted

Psicología y posconflicto colombiano, una mirada retrospectiva basada en los aportes en investigación científica

Se analiza el aporte que brinda la psicología al posconflicto colombiano a partir de la revisión de fuentes documentales indexadas entre el año 2010 y 2018 en Colombia. El tipo y diseño de investigación es de carácter documental, exploratorio y descriptivo, sustentado desde el paradigma cualitativo. Instrumento de recolección, la ficha bibliográfica y el registro de análisis. Se efectúa una exploración inicial de 120 registros de investigaciones, ubicando 41 registros y considerando 34 solamente como base para la investigación documental después del proceso de depuración, los cuales incluyen reportes de diversidad de información de carácter científico. Para el análisis de la información recolectada se emplea el método de análisis de contenido. Entre los resultados, los autores que abordan directamente el tema de psicología y posconflicto, lo hacen desde la teoría, desde la sugerencia o la inferencia de lo que puede ser aplicable, sin datos contrastables con el desarrollo en campo. La psicología social, por su campo de acción, es, desde la mirada de varios autores, es la llamada a responder en mayor medida al posconflicto, acompañada de otras ramas como la psicología de la paz y la psicología positiva. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes está la importancia de generar espacios de sensibilización desde la academia a los profesionales en Psicología en Colombia, para que se establezca y optimice un proceso de comprensión e intervención de los fenómenos que toca la realidad de las comunidades y que afecta su calidad de vida

Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics to rationalize biomolecule solubilization mechanisms in ionic liquid-based colloidal systems

Solubilizing agents are widely used to extract poorly soluble compounds from biological matrices. Aqueous solutions of surfactants and hydrotropes are commonly used as solubilizers, however, the underlying mechanism that determines their action is still roughly understood. Among these, ionic liquids (IL) are often used not only for solubilization of a target compound but in liquid–liquid extraction processes. Molecular dynamics simulations can shed light into this issue by providing a microscopic insight of the interactions between solute and solubilising agents. In this work, a new coarse-grained (CG) model was developed under the MARTINI framework for gallic acid (GA) while the CG models of three quaternary ammonium ionic liquids and salts (QAILS) were obtained from literature. Three QAILS were selected bearing in mind their potential solubilising mechanisms: trimethyl-tetradecylammonium chloride ([N1,1,1,14]Cl) as a surfactant, tetrabutylammonium chloride ([N4,4,4,4]Cl) as a hydrotrope, and tributyl-tetradecylammonium chloride ([N4,4,4,14]Cl) as a system combining the characteristics of the other compounds. Throughout this hydrotrope-to-surfactant spectrum and considering the most prevalent GA species across the pH range, the solvation of GA at two concentration levels in aqueous QAILS solutions were studied and discussed. The results of this study indicate that dispersive interactions between the QAILS and GA are generally the driving force in the GA solubilization. However, electrostatic interactions play an increasingly significant role as the GA becomes deprotonated, affecting their placement within the micelle and ultimately the solvation mechanism. The hydrotropic mechanism seen in [N4,4,4,4]Cl corroborates recent models based on the formation of a hydrotrope-solute aggregates driven by dispersive forces. This work contributes to the application of a transferable approach to partition and solubilization studies using molecular dynamics, which could complement experimental assays and quickly screen molecular candidates for these processes.publishe

A molecular dynamics framework to explore the structure and dynamics of layered double hydroxides

It is presented a straightforward procedure based on the CLAYFF force field to perform molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations with the GROMACS open source package of layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials with different intercalated anions. This procedure enables running very long simulations of systems where all atomic positions are allowed to move freely, while maintaining the integrity of the LDH structure intact. Therefore, it has the potential to model different important applications of LDH involving ion-exchange and interlayer equilibrium processes in diverse areas as drug delivery, water purification, and corrosion protection. The magnesium-aluminium based LDH with a metallic ratio 2:1 (Mg2Al) was chosen to validate our computer simulation framework, because of the comprehensive experimental and computational studies reported in the literature devoted to the understanding of the structure of Mg2Al LDH. Potential parameters from the literature were used to model the Mg2Al LDH with different intercalated anions using a new set of atomic point charges calculated with the DDEC6 formalism. Once the model was validated through careful comparisons of the simulated and experimental structures, the procedure was adapted to the Zn2Al LDH materials. Lennard-Jones parameters had to be developed for zinc (II) cations and calibrated using the experimental structural data found in the literature for Zn2Al LDH and the height of the galleries determined experimentally in this work for Zn2Al with intercalated nitrate anions. The consistency of the model is proved by carrying out MD simulations to reproduce in the computer the typical experimental conditions in which the Zn2Al LDH is immersed in a sodium chloride water solution to act as a nanotrap for aggressive anions in corrosion protection applications. The LDH structure is maintained in the MD simulation in which the LDH is free to move alongside the solution and allowing a natural anion exchange between the LDH and the solution as well as dehydration/hydration of the basal space.publishe

Competition and protist predation are important regulators of riverine bacterial community composition and size distribution

Among the bacterivorous protists, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) are considered to be the main grazers of bacteria in freshwaters due to their size-selective grazing. In this work, we assessed the change of a riverine bacterial community in controlled incubations, where HNFs' predation pressure was initially released through filtration. Filtration did not prevent the passage of cysts, which grew in the enrichments afterwards. Data on the composition of the bacterial community were gathered by Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescent In situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH) using 16S probes targeting phylogenetic groups. Bacterial cell size was also examined using image analysis. Overall, the initial filtration directly (through release of predation pressure) or indirectly (through competition among bacterial groups) affected the bacterial community composition. When nanoflagellate abundance rose, a reduction of bacterial abundance and changes in cell size distribution were observed. Gamma-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the groups showing the greatest reduction in abundance. Beta-Proteobacteria showed a reduction of cell size and were found in aggregates. Alpha-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria developed two distinct filamentous morphotypes: short, segmented rods and long chains of rods. Our results showed that the release of the predation pressure and the successive rise of the nanoflagellates changed the bacterial community in terms of composition at large phylogenetic scale. HNF grazing is highly group-specific and seems to reconstruct the community based on cell size, and thus, not only drastically changing the bacterial community composition, but also increasing its functional diversity