184 research outputs found
Woody encroachment and soil carbon stocks in subalpine areas in the Central Spanish Pyrenees
Woody encroachment has been an ongoing process in the subalpine belt of Mediterranean mountains, after land abandonment, the disappearance of the transhumant system and the decrease of the livestock number. The main objectives of this study were: (i) to identify land use/land cover (LULC) changes from 1956 to 2015, and (ii) to investigate the effects of LULC changes in physical and chemical soil properties and soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) stocks. It is hypothesized that woody encroachment in the subalpine belt may lead to significant changes in soil properties, and will generate an increase in the SOC stocks. A land use gradient was identified in the subalpine belt of the Central Spanish Pyrenees: (i) subalpine grasslands, (ii) shrublands, (iii) young forests, and (iv) old forests. Mineral soil samples were collected every 10 cm, down to 40 cm, at three points per each LULC and a total of 48 samples were analyzed. The results showed that (i) woody encroachment has occurred from 1956 to 2015 due to the expansion of coniferous forests and shrublands (at the expense of grasslands), (ii) land cover and soil depth had significant effects on soil properties (except for pH), being larger in the uppermost 0–10 cm depth, (iii) SOC and N contents and stocks were higher in the grassland sites, and (iv) the woody encroachment process initially produced a decrease in the SOC stocks (shrublands), but no differences were observed considering the complete soil profile between grasslands and young and old forests. Further studies, describing SOC stabilization and quantifying above-ground carbon (shrub and tree biomass) are required
Impact of Procedure Manual in a Cleaning Company
This project is developed in a cleaning company, which we will call "Clean Express" to maintain the anonymity of the same, said company is located Boca del Rio, Veracruz, Mexico.
According to Gido in 2012, the case study company has a functional type structure because the departments group the areas
El control financiero del estado
Tesis (Contador Auditor)El trabajo que procederemos a desarrollar
pretende determinar los aspectos fundamentales del sistema de
Control Financiero del Estado, dando a conocer una metodologÃa
que contemple los aspectos legales contables y administrativos
que se aplican en la fiscalización que ejerce la
contralorÃa General de la República, en el sector público
Air and wet bulb temperature lapse rates and their impact on snowmaking in a Pyrenean ski resort
A set of 17 air temperature and relative humidity sensors were used to analyze the temporal variability of surface air temperature
(Tair), wet bulb temperature (Twb), and daily snowmaking hours (SM, number of hours per day with Twb < − 2 °C), lapse rates,
and the occurrence of thermal inversions at the Formigal ski resort (Spanish Pyrenees) from December to March during three
consecutive ski seasons (2012–2013, 2013–2014, and 2014–2015). The Tair and Twb lapse rates showed strong hourly and daily
variability, with both exhibiting almost identical temporal fluctuations.
The Twb exhibited average lapse rates that were slightly steeper (− 5.2 °C/km) than those observed for Tair (− 4.9 °C/km). The
less steep lapse rates and most thermal inversions were observed in December. Days having less (more) steep Tair and Twb lapse
rates were observed under low (high) wind speeds and high (low) relative humidity and air pressure. The temporal dynamics of
the SM lapse rates was more complex, as this involved consideration of the average Tair in the ski resort, in addition to the driving
factors of the spatio-temporal variability of Twb. Thus, on a number of cold (warm) days, snowmaking was feasible at all
elevations at the ski resort, independently of the slopes of the lapse rates. The SM exhibited an average daily lapse rate of
8.2 h/km, with a progressive trend of increase from December to March.
Weather types over the Iberian Peninsula tightly control the driving factors of the Tair, Twb, and SM lapse rates (wind speed,
relative humidity, and Tair), so the slopes of the lapse rates and the frequency of inversions in relation to elevation for the three
variables are very dependent on the occurrence of specific weather types. The less steep lapse rates occurred associated with
advections from the southeast, although low lapse rates also occurred during advections from the east and south, and under
anticyclonic conditions. The steepest Tair and Twb lapse rates were observed during north and northwest advections, while the
steepest rates for SM were observed during days of cyclonic circulation and advections from the northeast.This study was funded by the research project CGL2014-52599-P "Estudio del manto de nieve en la montaña española y su respuesta a la variabilidad y cambio climatico" (Ministry of Economy and Development, MINECO)
A High Dynamic Range ASIC for Time of Flight PET with monolithic crystals
The HRFlexToT is a 16-channel ASIC for SiPM anode readout designed for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) applications that features high dynamic range (>8 bits), low input impedance, common cathode connection, high speed and low power (~3.5 mW/ch). The ASIC has been manufactured using XFAB 0.18 mm CMOS technology. The main characteristics of the HRFlexToT, compared to its predecessor, are a new energy measurement readout providing a linear Time Over Threshold (ToT) with an extended dynamic range, lower power consumption and better timing response. Initial measurements show a linearity error below 3%. Single Photon Time Resolution (SPTR) measurements performed using a Hamamatsu MPPC S13360-3050CS (3x3 mm2 pixel, 50 umm cell) shows 30% improvement with respect to the previous version of the ASIC, setting this specification in the order of 141 ps FWHM and reducing 3 times power consumption. It is important to highlight that an SPTR of 141 ps FWHM is, according to the best of our knowledge, the best resolution achieved so far for this sensor. Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) measurements are expected to be performed during 2018
Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain
Introducción: Una dieta saludable es especialmente
importante durante la menopausia, periodo en el que
aumenta el riesgo de varios problemas de salud. Analizamos
la dieta de mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas españolas
y el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones
actuales.
Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 3.574 mujeres
de 45-68 años que acuden al cribado de cáncer de
mama en 7 centros (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma
de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia y Zaragoza). Se recogió
la dieta mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos
validado para población española. Para la valoración
del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales se
utilizaron los rangos recomendados por la Sociedad
Española de Nutrición Comunitaria para ingesta de grupos
de alimentos y las Ingestas Diarias Recomendadas
(IDR) para energÃa, vitaminas y minerales de la Federación
Española de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética.
Resultados: El 29% de las mujeres eran obesas y un
42% tenÃa sobrepeso. El aporte calórico medio fue de
2.053 kcal (DE: 480). El perfil calórico general fue de:
43% de la energÃa aportada por lo carbohidratos, 36%
por las grasas, 20% por las proteÃnas. Se evidenció una
ingesta deficiente de vitamina D en todos los nodos del
estudio, con una ingesta media general de 2,14 μg/dÃa. Se
detectó a su vez una ingesta deficitaria de vitamina E en A
Coruña y Burgos. Todos los centros presentaron una
ingesta elevada de productos lácteos y de legumbres. El
consumo de frutas y verduras fue muy heterogéneo
siendo especialmente elevada su ingesta en Mallorca y
Valencia mientras que fue baja para ambos grupos de alimentos
en A Coruña. La ingesta de aceite de oliva fue elevada
en todos los centros exceptuando Burgos con un
74,3% de las mujeres estudiadas por debajo de las 3
raciones al dÃa recomendadas.
Conclusiones: Una dieta con menos grasas y proteÃnas
y más rica en vegetales, frutos secos y alimentos ricos en
hidratos de carbono equilibrarÃa el balance energético y
mejorarÃa la calidad de la dieta corrigiendo las bajas
ingestas de vitaminas D y E. Estas recomendaciones son
especialmente importantes en las ciudades más alejadas
de la costa mediterránea donde se han detectado mayores
incumplimientos de las recomendaciones vigentes y una
dieta más alejada de la dieta mediterránea.Introduction: A healthy diet is especially important
during menopause, a period which increases the risk of
various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand
postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of
compliance with current recommendations.
Material and methods: We studied 3574 women 45-68
years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes
in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos,
Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza).
Diet information was collected using a food frequency
questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For
the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we
used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of
Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the
Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for
energy, vitamins and minerals intake.
Results: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight.
The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD
480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy
from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from
proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres
of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day.
A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was
also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables
was high in all the study centers. The consumption of
fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high
intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for
both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was
high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the
women studied below the recommended 3 servings per
day.
Conclusions: A diet with less fat and protein and a
higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in
carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and
improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes
of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially
important in cities far from the Mediterranean
coast where more breaches have been detected over the
current recommendations with a lower adherence to the
Mediterranean diet.Este estudio ha recibido financiación del Fondo de
Investigación Sanitaria (proyecto PI060386) y de
Astra-Zéneca (convenio de colaboración entre Astra-
Zeneca y el Instituto de salud Carlos III 1306-1306
EPY
Alert classification for the ALeRCE broker system: The real-time stamp classifier
We present a real-time stamp classifier of astronomical events for the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events broker, ALeRCE. The classifier is based on a convolutional neural network, trained on alerts ingested from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Using only the science, reference, and difference images of the first detection as inputs, along with the metadata of the alert as features, the classifier is able to correctly classify alerts from active galactic nuclei, supernovae (SNe), variable stars, asteroids, and bogus classes, with high accuracy (~94%) in a balanced test set. In order to find and analyze SN candidates selected by our classifier from the ZTF alert stream, we designed and deployed a visualization tool called SN Hunter, where relevant information about each possible SN is displayed for the experts to choose among candidates to report to the Transient Name Server database. From 2019 June 26 to 2021 February 28, we have reported 6846 SN candidates to date (11.8 candidates per day on average), of which 971 have been confirmed spectroscopically. Our ability to report objects using only a single detection means that 70% of the reported SNe occurred within one day after the first detection. ALeRCE has only reported candidates not otherwise detected or selected by other groups, therefore adding new early transients to the bulk of objects available for early follow-up. Our work represents an important milestone toward rapid alert classifications with the next generation of large etendue telescopes, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.The authors acknowledge support from the National Agency
of Research and Development’s Millennium Science Initiative
through grant IC12009, awarded to the Millennium Institute of
Astrophysics (RC, ER, CV, FF, PE, GP, FEB, IR, PSS, GC,
SE, Ja, EC, DR, DRM, MC) and from the National Agency for
Research and Development (ANID) grants: BASAL Center of
Mathematical Modelling AFB-170001 (CV, FF, IR, ECN, CS,
ECI) and Centro de AstrofÃsica y TecnologÃas Afines AFB170002 (FEB, PSS, MC); FONDECYT Regular #1171678
(PE), #1200710 (FF), #1190818(FEB), #1200495 (FEB),
#1171273 (MC), #1201793(GP); FONDECYT Postdoctorado
#3200250 (PSS); FONDECYT Iniciación #11191130 (CV);
MagÃster Nacional 2019 #22190947 (ER). This work was
funded in part by project CORFO 10CEII-9157 Inria Chile
(PS). The authors acknowledge financial support from the
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
(MICIU) under the 2019 Ramón y Cajal program RYC2019-
027683 (LG)
Un análisis exploratorio de la relación entre pobreza multidimensional y conflicto armado : el caso de Antioquia en Colombia
RESUMEN: Este artÃculo analiza la relación entre pobreza y conflicto armado en Antioquia, Colombia. El análisis de la pobreza está enmarcado en el enfoque de las capacidades de Sen, el cual conforma la base conceptual del Ãndice de pobreza multidimensional (IPM) desarrollado por Alkire y Foster. El IPM es calculado con información derivada de la base de datos Sisbén, la cual se utiliza para seleccionar la población atendida por los programas de asistencia social del Gobierno colombiano. Este artÃculo consideró tres dimensiones de pobreza: estándares de vida, salud, y educación. El conflicto armado fue medido por medio de datos de conteo acerca de la ocurrencia de eventos de violencia registrados entre 1996 y 2010 en cada municipalidad de Antioquia. Luego, la relación entre la pobreza y el conflicto armado se analizó mediante métodos exploratorios y no paramétricos como las distribuciones kernel. Los resultados sugieren que el IPM es robusto con respecto a la elección del umbral de pobreza multidimensional. Los mapas de caja y bigotes sugieren que los pobres están localizados en las regiones periféricas de Antioquia. Las distribuciones kernel muestran que las áreas más afectadas por el conflicto, usualmente, tienen altos niveles de pobreza multidimensional.ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the relationship between poverty and armed conflict in Antioquia, Colombia. The poverty analysis it uses is framed according to Sen’s capability approach, which constitutes the conceptual basis for the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) subsequently developed by Alkire and Foster. The MPI is measured employing data from the government database SISBEN, which is used by the Colombian authorities to identify beneficiaries of social assistance programmes. The paper considers three poverty dimensions: living standards, health, and education. Armed conflict is measured using count data on violent events recorded for every municipality in the Department of Antioquia between 1996 and 2010. The relationship between poverty and armed conflict is then analysed using exploratory and non-parametric methods such as kernel distributions. Results suggest that the MPI is robust when compared multidimensional cutoffs. The MPI box-plot maps suggest that poor people are located in Antioquia’s peripheral areas. Kernel distributions show that areas most affected by conflict tend to show higher levels of multidimensional poverty
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