Efecto de los nematodos en la cantidad y calidad de raíces y métodos de evaluación

La producción de banano en Colombia está mostrando un preocupante detrimento en los niveles de productividad en los últimos 10 años. Causas bióticas y abióticas han sido atribuidas a este fenómeno, dentro de las cuales los nematodos fitoparásitos constituyen una de las principales razones para explicar dicho comportamiento. Este artículo describe los efectos ocasionados por los nematodos en las plantas afectadas sobre la interferencia con la toma de agua y nutrientes, anclaje, fisiología y variables de productivas como el peso del racimo. Se discuten también factores como bajas poblaciones de microorganismos antagonistas presentes en el suelo, así como las prácticas de manejo del cultivo. Finalmente se describen diversos métodos para estimar el daño ocasionado por los nematodos.  Abstract Banana production in Colombia is showing a preoccupant decrease in productivity levels since last 10 years. Several biotic and abiotic causes had been attributed to this phenomenon. The nematodes are one of this possible reasons to explain this behavior. This paper describes the effects occasioned by nematodes on interference with upward translocation of water and nutrients, roots quantity and quality, anchorage, physiology and production variables as weight of fruit in plants affected. Other factors as low population of antagonist microorganisms in soil and crop practices are too discussed. Finally several methods to estimate root damage by nematodes, are described.

Knowledge and Attitudes of the Inhabitants of a Rural Canton about the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Foundation: colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of death from cancer in Ecuador, both in men and women. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of residents in a rural canton in relation to the prevention of colorectal cancer. Method: a qualitative-quantitative, descriptive and correlational study was carried out. The study was carried out between October and December 2022 and 245 residents of a rural canton participated. The technique for data collection was the survey. The questionnaire was designed for this purpose with 22 closed questions. The survey was anonymous. All respondents gave informed consent to participate in the study and were informed of its purpose. The results obtained were processed with Microsoft Excel 2016 and statistically analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Non-parametric tests were performed for statistical significance between variables. Results were presented in amounts and percentages with rounding adjustments. Results: a large proportion of respondents were aware that early diagnosis of colorectal cancer increases the chances of cure, however, half of respondents knew that this type of cancer can develop without presenting symptoms. Knowledge about risk factors and symptoms of colorectal cancer in the study group was low. In general, the level of knowledge of the respondents about colorectal cancer and its prevention was mostly sufficient. Conclusions: the results indicate that the level of knowledge and attitudes of the residents of the rural canton in relation to colorectal cancer and its prevention is not yet satisfactory. The need to implement intensive educational activities is highlighted, mainly focused on promoting colorectal cancer screening

Implementación de las normas iso 9001:2015 e iso 22000:2018 con base a los lineamientos bpm/haccp, en la panadería "pp&c" , municipio de guacarí, valle del cauca.

NAEste artículo presenta un estudio de caso sobre la implementación de sistemas integrados de gestión de calidad e inocuidad alimentaria en la panadería "PP&C" bajo los lineamientos de las normas: NTC ISO 9001:2018 y 22000:2015. Se abordan aspectos como el diagnóstico organizacional, análisis del contexto, aplicación del ciclo PHVA, proceso productivo, sistema HACCP, requisitos comunes integrables, esquema de bioseguridad, entre otros y, se busca ofrecer una propuesta acorde a las necesidades de la microempresa.This article presents a case study on the implementation of integrated quality and food safety management systems in the "PP&C" bakery under the guidelines of the standards: NTC ISO 9001:2018 and 22000:2015. Aspects such as organizational diagnosis, context analysis, application of the PHVA cycle, production process, HACCP system, integrable common requirements, biosecurity scheme, among others, are addressed and the aim is to offer a proposal according to the needs of the microenterprise

Executive Function Training in Childhood Obesity: Food Choice, Quality of Life, and Brain Connectivity (TOuCH): A Randomized Control Trial Protocol

Background: Individuals with obesity are known to present cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions. Executive functions play an important role in health and success throughout the whole life and have been related to food decision-making and to the ability to maintain energy balance. It is possible to improve executive functions through targeted training. This would involve brain plasticity changes that could be studied through connectivity MRI. The general hypothesis of this study is that executive functions training in children with obesity can improve food choices and produce cognitive and neuroimaging changes (structural and functional connectivity), as well as improve emotional state and quality of life. Methods: Randomized controlled double-blind trial with 12-month follow-up. Thirty children with obesity will be randomly allocated into 'executive training' (Cognifit with adaptive difficulty + Cogmed) or 'control task' group (Cognifit without adaptive difficulty). Both groups will attend 30-45min of individual gamified training (Cogmed and/or Cognifit systems) by iPad, five times per week during 6 weeks. Cogmed and Cognifit software are commercially available from Pearson and Cognifit, respectively. Participants will receive an iPad with both apps installed for a 6-week use. Participants will also receive counseling diet information via presentations sent to the iPad and will wear a Fitbit Flex 2 tracker to monitor daily activity and sleep patterns.Main outcomes will be cognitive, emotional, food decision, and quality-of-life measures, as well as neuroimaging measures. Participants are evaluated at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and 12 months since baseline (T2). Discussion: Longitudinal study with active control group and 3 time points: baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 year after baseline. Threefold treatment: executive function training, psychoeducation, and feedback on activity/sleep tracking. We will evaluate the transfer effects of the intervention, including emotional and functional outcomes, as well as the effects on neural plasticity by connectivity MRI

ORAL TREATMENT NEEDS AND OLDER PEOPLE’S QUALITY OF LIFE

Objective: to assess the oral treatment needs and its effect on oral health related quality of life in older adults.Methods: a cross sectional study in six elderly nursing home care from the city of Floridablanca, Santander (Colombia) was done. Treatment needs were established according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the oral health related quality of life according to the Spanish version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative ones were obtained. Chi2 test or Fisher’s Exact was used as appropriate. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Results: of the 111 seniors surveyed, 62.2% needed special treatment for systemic diseases. 13.5% required intervention by clinical management while 37.8% of the population needed special treatment for salivary flow. 44.4 % required deep scaling and root planning and oral hygiene education was needed in 86.5%. The frequencies of self-perception and oral health related quality of life did not show any statistically significant association.Conclusions: the three main treatment needs in their order were oral hygiene education, special treatment for systemic disease and periodontal treatment. Treatment needs were more important in patients with low quality of life scores according GOHAI but no statistically significant difference was observed.Objetivo: establecer las necesidades de tratamiento bucal y su influencia en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en el adulto mayor.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos mayores institucionalizados de seis hogares geriátricos del municipio de Floridablanca, Santander (Colombia). Se establecieron las necesidades de tratamiento según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal según la versión en español del Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index (GOHAI). Se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables cuantitativas y proporciones para las cualitativas. También, se realizó un test de Chi2 o Exacto de Fisher según correspondiera. Un valor de p ≤ 0,05 fue considerado significativo.Resultados: de los 111 adultos mayores examinados, el 62,2% necesitaba tratamiento especial por su enfermedad sistémica. El 13,5%, requería intervención de tejidos con manejo clínico mientras que el 37,8% de la población necesitaba un tratamiento especial por flujo salival. El 44,4%, requería raspaje y alisado radicular a campo cerrado y un manejo preventivo con educación en higiene bucal en el 86,5%. Las frecuencias de auto percepción y calidad de vida no mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa.Conclusiones: las tres principales necesidades de tratamiento en su orden fueron: educación en higiene bucal, tratamiento especial por enfermedad sistémica y tratamiento periodontal. Las necesidades de tratamiento fueron más importantes en los pacientes con bajos puntajes de calidad de vida según el GOHAI, pero no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa.[Aranzazu GC, Hernández AA, Gutiérrez MA, Agudelo DF. Necesidad de tratamiento bucal y calidad de vida en el adulto mayor. Ustasalud 2013; 12: 47 - 54

Deep white matter in Huntington's disease

White matter (WM) abnormalities have already been shown in presymptomatic (Pre-HD) and symptomatic HD subjects using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the present study, we examined the microstructure of the long-range large deep WM tracts by applying two different MRI approaches: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) -based tractography, and T2*weighted (iron sensitive) imaging. We collected Pre-HD subjects (n = 25), HD patients (n = 25) and healthy control subjects (n = 50). Results revealed increased axial (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) and iron levels in Pre-HD subjects compared to controls. Fractional anisotropy decreased between the Pre-HD and HD phase and AD/RD increased and although impairment was pervasive in HD, degeneration occurred in a pattern in Pre-HD. Furthermore, iron levels dropped for HD patients. As increased iron levels are associated with remyelination, the data suggests that Pre-HD subjects attempt to repair damaged deep WM years before symptoms occur but this process fails with disease progression

Detailed energy analysis of a sheet-metal-forming press from electrical measurements

This paper presents a methodology that allows for the detection of the state of a sheet-metal-forming press, the parts being produced, their cadence, and the energy demand for each unit produced. For this purpose, only electrical measurements are used. The proposed analysis is conducted at the level of the press subsystems: main motor, transfer module, cushion, and auxiliary systems, and is intended to count, classify, and monitor the production of pressed parts. The power data are collected every 20 ms and show cyclic behavior, which is the basis for the presented methodology. A neural network (NN) based on heuristic rules is developed to estimate the press states. Then, the production period is determined from the power data using a least squares method to obtain normalized harmonic coefficients. These are the basis for a second NN dedicated to identifying the parts in production. The global error in estimating the parts being produced is under 1%. The resulting information could be handy in determining relevant information regarding the press behavior, such as energy per part, which is necessary in order to evaluate the energy performance of the press under different production conditions.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. IN854A 2020/0

Experiencia vivida del adulto mayor en la nueva normalidad después del aislamiento por COVID-19

Objective: To understand the lived experience of the elderly in the new normal after isolation by COVID-19.   Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022 in Guanajuato, Mexico; the selection criteria were: adults over 60 years of age, who have resumed their activities after isolation and who were vaccinated against COVID-19. Snowball sampling with 9 participants by information saturation criteria. Data collection through phenomenological interview, audio-recorded. Phenomenological analysis was performed with Van Manen's method, ethical principles were respected in accordance with the General Health Law on Health Research, and participants gave their informed consent. Main results: The following themes emerged: Emotional experience upon return; Influence of COVID-19 and fear in the return to daily life; Routine changes in the life of the older adult adapted to the new normality; Daily self-care. Older adults emphasized the importance of care but also of adapting to the new recommendations issued from face-to-face care.  Overall conclusion: The return to the new normality after the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults was marked by different emotions, on the one hand joy and on the other hand the persistent fear of contagion, however, the change in routine and daily self-care could also be evidenced.Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida del adulto mayor en la nueva normalidad después del aislamiento por COVID-19. Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, se llevó a cabo de agosto 2021 a junio 2022 en Guanajuato, México; los criterios de selección fueron: adulto mayor de 60 años, que haya retomado sus actividades luego del aislamiento y que estuvieran vacunados contra COVID-19. Muestreo por bola de nieve con 9 participantes por criterio de saturación de información. Colecta de datos a través de entrevista fenomenológica, audio-grabada. Se realizó análisis fenomenológico con método de Van Manen, se respetaron los principios éticos de acuerdo con la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la Salud, los participantes emitieron su consentimiento informado. Resultados principales: Emergieron los siguientes temas: Vivencia emocional al regreso; Influencia de COVID-19 y temor en el retorno a su vida cotidiana; Cambios rutinarios en la vida del adulto mayor adaptados a la nueva normalidad; Autocuidado cotidiano. Los adultos mayores destacaron la importancia del cuidado, pero también de adaptarse a las nuevas recomendaciones emitidas a partir de la presencialidad. Conclusiones generales: El retorno a la nueva normalidad posterior a la pandemia por COVID-19 en los adultos mayores estuvo marcado por diversas emociones, por un lado, la alegría y por otro el persistente temor al contagio, sin embargo, también se pudo evidenciar el cambio en la rutina y el autocuidado cotidiano

MICa/b-dependent activation of natural killer cells by CD64+ inflammatory type 2 dendritic cells contributes to autoimmunity

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder largely mediated by type I and II interferon (IFN). The potential contribution of innate immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC), to the pSS pathology remains understudied. Here, we identified an enriched CD16+ CD56hi NK cell subset associated with higher cytotoxic function, as well as elevated proportions of inflammatory CD64+ conventional dendritic cell (cDC2) subtype that expresses increased levels of MICa/b, the ligand for the activating receptor NKG2D, in pSS individuals. Circulating cDC2 from pSS patients efficiently induced activation of cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo and were found in proximity to CD56+ NK cells in salivary glands (SG) from pSS patients. Interestingly, transcriptional activation of IFN signatures associated with the RIG-I/DDX60 pathway, IFN I receptor, and its target genes regulate the expression of NKG2D ligands on cDC2 from pSS patients. Finally, increased proportions of CD64hi RAE-1+ cDC2 and NKG2D+CD11b+CD27+ NK cells were present in vivo in the SG after poly I:C injection. Our study provides novel insight into the contribution and interplay of NK and cDC2 in pSS pathology and identifies new potential therapy targetsRTI2018-097485-A-I00, PID2021-127899OB-I0

Electro-Absorbers: A Comparison on Their Performance with Jet-Absorbers and Absorption Columns

This work focuses on the removal of perchloroethylene (PCE) from gaseous streams using absorbers connected with electrolyzers. Two types of absorption devices (jet absorber and absorption column) were compared. In addition, it has been evaluated the different by-products generated when a simultaneous electrolysis with diamond anodes is carried out. PCE was not mineralized, but it was transformed into phosgene that mainly derivates into carbon tetrachloride. Trichloroacetic acid was also formed, but in much lower amounts. Results showed a more efficient absorption of PCE in the packed column, which it is associated to the higher gas–liquid contact surface. Jet absorber seems to favor the production of carbon tetrachloride in gaseous phase, whereas the packed column promotes a higher concentration of trichloroacetic acid in liquid. It was also evaluated the scale up of the electrolytic stage of these electro-absorption devices by using a stack with five perforated electrode packages instead of a single cell. Clarification of the effect of the applied current density on the speciation attained after the electrolysis of the absorbent has been attempted. Experiments reveal similar results in terms of PCE removal and a reduced generation of gaseous intermediates at lower current densities