Evaluación del efecto de las prácticas de manejo sobre las poblaciones de la Palma de Cumare (Astrocaryum chambira Burret.) en la comunidad indígena Sikuani de Cumariana, Vichada Kumalianae Sikuanitsi waja kanakuenabi janepanae neja kumali

Con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento del estado actual de las poblaciones de la palma Astrocaryum chambira (Cumare) en la región de la Orinoquía, se realizó un estudio mediante el uso de herramientas etnobotánicas que permitieran en una primera etapa social de la investigación, conocer los efectos de las prácticas de uso y manejo de esta palma realizadas por la comunidad de Cumariana en el Vichada sobre la especie de estudio. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo la etapa biológica de la especie, mediante un estudio de la estructura poblacional a partir del establecimiento de doce parcelas de 20x50m distribuidas en zonas de extracción y no extracción de la palma de Cumare. El análisis de los resultados de la etapa social, se dieron a través de los resultados obtenidos en el Índice Relativo de Usos de las Partes de la Planta IR (up), y de los datos obtenidos a partir de las entrevistas semi-estructuradas y talleres con enfoque participativo.Ecólogo (a)Pregrad

Rosacea: associated factors and clinical presentation in a population of Santander

La rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que afecta casi exclusivamente la cara central (mejillas, mentón, nariz y frente central) y respeta la región perioral y periocular, caracterizada por exacerbaciones y remisiones. (1-3) Los datos epidemiológicos en la rosácea son escasos, con reportes de prevalencia de hasta el 20% en la población general. Algunos estudios reportan una prevalencia menor del 1% a más del 20%,(3) estos estudios han sido realizado en países Europeos (Alemania, Irlanda, Suecia, Estonia, Grecia) y en Estados Unidos. (4) La rosácea usualmente se diagnostica luego de la tercera década.(4) Se ha observado con mayor frecuencia en personas de piel clara, aunque también ha sido descrita en Asiáticos y Africoamericanos y ocurre tanto en hombres como en mujeres, siendo más común en mujeres, pero la presencia de rinofima es mayor en hombres. (5) Como factores de riesgo se han mencionado: componente genético, la infestación por demodex folliculorum, el sexo, edad y fototipo de piel. Se han descrito factores agravantes ó precipitantes entre los que se encuentran la radiación UV, calor, frío, comidas picantes y alcohol entre otras.INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................ 3 1. Justificación............................................................................... 4 2. Marco teórico............................................................................... 5 3. Objetivos........................................................................................26 3.1 Objetivo General..................................................................... 26 3.2 Objetivos Específicos............................................................. 26 4. Metodología...................................................................................27 4.1 Tipo de estudio....................................................................... 27 4.2 Universo................................................................................... 27 4.3 Población.................................................................................27 4.4 Criterios de Inclusión............................................................. 27 4.5 Criterios de Exclusión............................................................ 27 4.6 Procedimientos....................................................................... 27 4.7 Variables.................................................................................. 28 4.7.1 Tabla de variables.....................................................28 4.8 Análisis....................................................................................36 5. Consideraciones Éticas............................................................. 37 6. Resultados....................................................................................38 7. Discusión..................................................................................... 40 8. Conclusiones................................................................................43 9. Bibliografía...................................................................................44 10. Anexos....................................................................................... 49 11. Tablas......................................................................................... 55EspecializaciónRRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that almost exclusively affects the central face (cheeks, chin, nose and central forehead) and spares the perioral and periocular region, characterized by exacerbations and remissions. (1-3) Epidemiological data on rosacea are scarce, with prevalence reports of up to 20% in the general population. Some studies report a prevalence of less than 1% to more than 20%,(3) these studies have been carried out in European countries (Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Estonia, Greece) and in the United States. (4) Rosacea is usually diagnosed after the third decade.(4) It has been observed more frequently in fair-skinned people, although it has also been described in Asians and African-Americans and occurs in both men and women, being more common in women, but the presence of rhinophyma is greater in men. (5) As risk factors have been mentioned: genetic component, the Demodex folliculorum infestation, sex, age and skin phototype. Aggravating or precipitating factors have been described, including UV radiation, heat, cold, spicy foods and alcohol, among others

Análisis por elementos finitos de una prótesis transtibial para un ciclista paralímpico

(Eng) Currently, finite element analysis techniques are used to reduce costs in the manufacturing process of sports prostheses. This study primarily focuses on the finite element analysis of a design for a transtibial prosthesis for a paralympic cyclist, integra ting the biomechanics of an athlete with a double leg amputation below the knee with two prostheses categorized before the Union Cycling International (UCI) with a C - 3 disability and the characteristics of the terrain and the dynamic model. The analysis em ploying finite elements aims to evaluate the static and dynamic behavior of the proposed design when subjected to competition in the track - cycling category. As a result of this analysis, mechanical aspects, such as static forces, buckling, frequency, fatig ue, free fall, impact, and aerodynamics, can be evaluated to verify that the design of the proposed transtibial prosthesis meets an adequate aerodynamic profile and its mechanical characteristics are suitable to be used in a high - performance Paralympic cyc ling competition.(Spa) En la actualidad se emplean técnicas de análisis por elementos finitos para reducir costos en el proceso de fabricación de prótesis deportivas. Este estudio particularmente se centra en el análisis por elementos finitos de un diseño para una prótesis transtibial de un ciclista paralímpico, en el que se integra la biomecánica de un atleta con amputación en ambas piernas por debajo de la rodilla, con dos prótesis categorizado ante la Unión Ciclista Internacional (UCI) con una discapacidad de grado C-3, considerando características del terreno y el modelo dinámico. El análisis por medio de elementos finitos tiene como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento estático y dinámico del diseño propuesto cuando se somete a una competencia en la categoría de ciclismo de pista. Como resultado de este análisis, se pueden evaluar aspectos mecánicos como: esfuerzos estáticos, pandeo, frecuencia, fatiga, caída libre, impacto y aerodinámica, permitiendo verificar que el diseño de la prótesis transtibial propuesto cumple con un perfil aerodinámico idóneo y sus características mecánicas para ser utilizada en una competencia de ciclismo paralímpico de alto rendimiento

Predictive Value of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Symptomatic Patients without Colorectal Cancer: A Post-Hoc Analysis within the COLONPREDICT Cohort

We aimed to assess the risk of cancer in patients with abdominal symptoms after a complete colonoscopy without colorectal cancer (CRC), according to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration, as well as its diagnostic accuracy. For this purpose, we performed a post-hoc analysis within a cohort of 1431 patients from the COLONPREDICT study, prospectively designed to assess the fecal immunochemical test accuracy in detecting CRC. Over 36.5 ± 8.4 months, cancer was detected in 115 (8%) patients. Patients with CEA values higher than 3 ng/mL revealed an increased risk of cancer (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.1), CRC (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.1–17.7) and non-gastrointestinal cancer (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.8). A new malignancy was detected in 51 (3.6%) patients during the first year and three variables were independently associated: anemia (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–5.8), rectal bleeding (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7) and CEA level >3 ng/mL (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7–7.1). However, CEA was increased only in 31.8% (95% CI, 16.4–52.7%) and 50% (95% CI, 25.4–74.6%) of patients with and without anemia, respectively, who would be diagnosed with cancer during the first year of follow-up. On the basis of this information, CEA should not be used to assist in the triage of patients presenting with lower bowel symptoms who have recently been ruled out a CRCThis work was supported by Spain’s Carlos III Healthcare Institute by means of project PI17/00837 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future

Transcriptomic profiling of urine extracellular vesicles reveals alterations of CDH3 in prostate cancer

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging structures with promising properties for intercellular communication. In addition, the characterization of EV in biofluids is an attractive source of non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Here we show that urinary EV (uEV) from prostate cancer (PCa) patients exhibit genuine and differential physical and biological properties compared to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Importantly, transcriptomics characterization of uEVs led us to define the decreased abundance of Cadherin 3, type 1 (CDH3) transcript in uEV from PCa patients. Tissue and cell line analysis strongly suggested that the status of CDH3 in uEVs is a distal reflection of changes in the expression of this cadherin in the prostate tumor. CDH3 was negatively regulated at the genomic, transcriptional, and epigenetic level in PCa. Our results reveal that uEVs could represent a non-invasive tool to inform about the molecular alterations in PCa

PI3K-regulated Glycine N-methyltransferase is required for the development of prostate cancer

[EN] Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that integrates metabolism and epigenetic regulation. The product of GNMT, sarcosine, has been proposed as a prostate cancer biomarker. This enzyme is predominantly expressed in the liver, brain, pancreas, and prostate tissue, where it exhibits distinct regulation. Whereas genetic alterations in GNMT have been associated to prostate cancer risk, its causal contribution to the development of this disease is limited to cell line-based studies and correlative human analyses. Here we integrate human studies, genetic mouse modeling, and cellular systems to characterize the regulation and function of GNMT in prostate cancer. We report that this enzyme is repressed upon activation of the oncogenic Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which adds complexity to its reported dependency on androgen signaling. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of GNMT is required for the onset of invasive prostate cancer in a genetic mouse model. Altogether, our results provide further support of the heavy oncogenic signal-dependent regulation of GNMT in prostate cancer.We are grateful to the Carracedo lab for valuable input, to Drs. Ana M. Aransay, James D. Sutherland and F. Elortza for technical advice, and Drs. Michelle Clasquin, Katie Sellers and Katya Marjon at Agios Pharmaceuticals for performing, processing and analyzing the metabolomics experiments. We thank the Basque Biobank for Research (BIOEF) for the support with prostate specimen acquisition and management. A.A-A. was funded by the Basque Government (predoctoral fellowship). V.T. is funded by Fundación Vasca de Innovación e Investigación Sanitarias, BIOEF (BIO15/CA/052), the AECC J.P. Bizkaia, the Basque Department of Health (2016111109) and the MICINN RTI2018-097267-B-I00. I.M. is supported by Fundación Cris Contra el Cáncer (PR_TPD_2020-19). The work of A. Carracedo is supported by the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Elkartek), the department of education (IKERTALDE IT1106-16) and health (RIS3), the BBVA foundation, the MICINN (SAF2016-79381-R; PID2019-108787RB-I00 (FEDER/EU); Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation SEV-2016-0644; Excellence Networks RED2018-102769-T), the AECC (GCTRA18006CARR), Vencer el Cáncer Foundation, La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), under the agreement LCF/PR/HR17/ and the European Research Council (Starting Grant 336343, PoC 754627, Consolidator Grant 819242). CIBERONC was co-funded with FEDER funds and funded by ISCIII. We are grateful for the support of Mondravember and Movembergara. A.E. was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU programme NextGenerationEU/PRTR (IJC2020-043583-I). The work of JM Mato was supported by NIH grant R01CA172086 and SAF2017-88041-R. EB is funded by the MICINN (BFU2016-76872-R (FEDER/EU), PID2019-108112RB-I00, and Excellence Networks SAF2017-90794-REDT)

Stratification and therapeutic potential of PML in metastatic breast cancer.

Patient stratification has been instrumental for the success of targeted therapies in breast cancer. However, the molecular basis of metastatic breast cancer and its therapeutic vulnerabilities remain poorly understood. Here we show that PML is a novel target in aggressive breast cancer. The acquisition of aggressiveness and metastatic features in breast tumours is accompanied by the elevated PML expression and enhanced sensitivity to its inhibition. Interestingly, we find that STAT3 is responsible, at least in part, for the transcriptional upregulation of PML in breast cancer. Moreover, PML targeting hampers breast cancer initiation and metastatic seeding. Mechanistically, this biological activity relies on the regulation of the stem cell gene SOX9 through interaction of PML with its promoter region. Altogether, we identify a novel pathway sustaining breast cancer aggressiveness that can be therapeutically exploited in combination with PML-based stratification.The work of A.C. is supported by the Ramón y Cajal award, the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Etortek), Health (2012111086) and Education (PI2012-03), Marie Curie (277043), Movember Foundation (GAP1), ISCIII (PI10/01484, PI13/00031), FERO (VIII Fellowship) and ERC (336343). N.M.-M. and P.A. are supported by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC), AECC JP Vizcaya and Guipuzcoa, respectively. J.U. and F.S. are Juan de la Cierva Researchers (MINECO). L.A., A.A.-A. and L.V.-J. are supported by the Basque Government of education. M.L.-M.C. acknowledges SAF2014-54658-R and Asociación Española contra el Cancer. R.B. acknowledges Spanish MINECO (BFU2014-52282-P, Consolider BFU2014-57703-REDC), the Departments of Education and Industry of the Basque Government (PI2012/42) and the Bizkaia County. M.S., V.S. and J.B. acknowledge Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation (Tumour Biomarker Research Program). M.S. and J.B. are supported by NIH grant P30 CA008748. M.dM.V. is supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III (PI11/02251, PI14/01328) and Basque Government, Health Department (2014111145). A.M. is supported by ISCIII (CP10/00539, PI13/02277) and Marie Curie CIG 2012/712404. V.S. is supported by the SCIII (PI13/01714, CP14/00228), the FERO Foundation and the Catalan Agency AGAUR (2014 SGR 1331). R.R.G. research support is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant SAF2013-46196, BBVA Foundation, the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 535), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds (SAF2013-46196).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1259

The metabolic co-regulator PGC1α suppresses prostate cancer metastasis

Cellular transformation and cancer progression is accompanied by changes in the metabolic landscape. Master co-regulators of metabolism orchestrate the modulation of multiple metabolic pathways through transcriptional programs, and hence constitute a probabilistically parsimonious mechanism for general metabolic rewiring. Here we show that the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC1α) suppresses prostate cancer progression and metastasis. A metabolic co-regulator data mining analysis unveiled that PGC1α is downregulated in prostate cancer and associated with disease progression. Using genetically engineered mouse models and xenografts, we demonstrated that PGC1α opposes prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Mechanistically, the use of integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed that PGC1α activates an oestrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα)-dependent transcriptional program to elicit a catabolic state and metastasis suppression. Importantly, a signature based on the PGC1α–ERRα pathway exhibited prognostic potential in prostate cancer, thus uncovering the relevance of monitoring and manipulating this pathway for prostate cancer stratification and treatment