EL PLAN DE VIVIENDA 1992-1995: UN ESTUDIO DE SU INCIDENCIA REDISTRIBUTIVA

The study is carried out within the objectives of equality that the housing policymust pursue. It will analyse whether the intervention in the housing market of thevarious designated budgets produces any compensation of the inequalities, in terms ofavailable income. It will attempt to analyse whether the social expenditure in kind,destined for housing over the period 1992-1995 resulted in a reduction in the inequalityof personal income distribution, considering that the grants it included market aimportant change in the weight of housing policy in Spain. In order to do this, thefigures from the 1990-1991 Family Budget Survey will be used, with the aim ofcompleting a comparative study of incomes ex-antes and ex-post the assignation ofpublic expenditure to housing. El estudio realizado se enmarca dentro del objetivo de equidad que debe perseguir la política de vivienda. Se analizará si la intervención sobre el mercado de la vivienda, a través de las distintas partidas presupuestarias destinadas produce una compensación de las desigualdades, en términos de renta disponible. Se tratará de analizar si el gasto social en especie destinado a vivienda para el periodo 1992-1995, por considerar que las ayudas en él incluidas marcaron una importante inflexión en el peso de la política de vivienda en España, da como resultado una reducción en la desigualdad de la distribución personal de la renta. Para ello utilizaremos los datos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares 1990-1991, con el propósito de poder hacer un estudio comparativo de rentas ex-antes y ex-post a la asignación del gasto público en vivienda.Gasto público, vivienda, redistribución, Ingresos Familiares Ponderados Public expenditure, housing, redistribution, Adjusted Family Income

El mutualismo de previsión social en España

Mutuals are institutions belonging to the Social Economy sector. They are private associations that form part of Complementary Social Welfare Systems, and they are well established in the European Community. In Spain, since they were included in the Law on Private Insurance of 1984, they no longer have a special status and are now considered insurance entities to all intents and purposes. They have therefore had to adapt to new and more demanding regulations. This, together with the regulations on Pension Plans and Funds and the fiscal decentralisation process put in place after the Spanish Constitution came into force, has resulted in a significant restructuring of the mutual society sector.Mutual Societies and Social Welfare, Added Value, Dimension and Efficiency.

Los santucos montañeses

En número dedicado a: La provincia de Santande

The influence of communication and culture fields in the triunph of United States during the Cold War

La Guerra Fría fue el escenario del mayor desarrollo del espionaje hasta la fecha. Uno de los factores decisivos pero ocultos en la victoria del bloque estadounidense estuvo muy asociada a la difusión cultural y comunicativa que se hizo en Europa. Este artículo investiga e indaga en la importancia de la comunicación como factor determinante en cualquier situación política o bélica y más concretamente en el caso que nos atañe que es la resolución de la Guerra Fría.The Cold War was the scenary of the biggest development of espionage known until that period of time. One of the decisive but hidden facts in United States block victory was connected with the cultural and communicative spreading that was made in Europe. This article aims the importance of communication as a decisive factor in any political or war situation, and more concretely in the case of the Cold War resolution

The role of nurse in the care of minors with ASD in the community context: Narrative review

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaIntroducción: el autismo en una enfermedad del neurodesarrollo que plantea una serie de dificultades como: discapacidad intelectual, alteración de la comunicación e inhabilidad en el aprendizaje. Ha sufrido un aumento en su prevalencia en los últimos años y puede considerarse una entidad grave, que afecta tanto al menor como a su entorno cercano. Por tanto, resulta fundamental la formación y participación de los profesionales sanitarios. Objetivo: conocer las funciones llevadas a cabo por enfermería en el abordaje, la valoración y el cuidado de los menores diagnosticados de TEA y entorno próximo. Material y métodos: la presente revisión narrativa es el resultado de la realización de secuencias de búsqueda en las bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane, Cuiden, Cinhal, Scielo y PsycINFO. Resultados: se escogieron 13 artículos que se agruparon en dos categorías: el papel de la enfermera en la atención a los menores con TEA desde el ámbito comunitario y el papel de la enfermera en la atención a los menores con sospecha de TEA desde el ámbito comunitario. Discusión y conclusiones: el diagnóstico de TEA supone un gran impacto a todos los niveles para el menor y su entorno cercano. Por ello, requieren un cuidado holístico y fundamentado que aborde todas las problemáticas de cuidados que presentan, siendo la enfermera la persona más adecuada para proporcionárselo.Introduction: Autism is a disease of neurodevelopmental that poses a series of difficulties such as: intellectual disability, communication impairment and learning disability. It has suffered an increase in its prevalence in recent years and can be considered a serious entity that affects both the child and their immediate environment. Therefore, training and participation of professionals is essential. Objective: to know the functions carried out by nursing in the boarding, the evaluation and the care of the children diagnosed of TEA and near surroundings. Material and methods: This narrative review is the result of the execution of search sequences in the databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Cuiden, Cinhal, Scielo and PsycINFO. Results: were chosen 13 articles that were grouped into two categories the role of the nurse in the care of children with ASD from the community level and the role of nurse in the care of children with suspected ASD from the community level. Discussion and conclusions: the diagnosis of TEA is a great impact at all levels for the child and it´s near surroundings. Therefore, they require a holistic and informed care that addresses all the problems of care that they present, being the nurse the most suitable person for obtain

An open path for gender equality in research : when female scientists question the state of science and the institutions embrace the criticism

The institutionalisation of equality policy in science, both at the national and the European scale, should facilitate progress towards equality in a space that wants to consider itself merit (and ability) driven. But discriminatory practices, both conscious and unconscious, direct or indirect, leave women out of many of the positions that they should occupy according to their accomplishments and capabilities. Many scientific institutions and their professionals still do not understand that if gender equality is only formally achieved and actual compliance is not monitored, they will lose part of the talent they are trying to cultivate

On the Difficulty of Budget Allocation in Claims Problems with Indivisible Items and Prices

First of all, the authors thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous Reviewers for their time to review our paper and also for their for their incisive comments and suggestions which have been very helpful to improve the contents of the paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU), the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under the project PGC2018-097965-B-I00 and the Spanish Ministry of Science under Project ECO2017-86245-P, as well as Junta de Andalucia under Projects Grupos PAIDI SEJ426 and project P18-FR-2933.In this paper we study the class of claims problems where the amount to be divided is perfectly divisible and claims are made on indivisible units of several items. Each item has a price, and the available amount falls short to be able to cover all the claims at the given prices. We propose several properties that may be of interest in this particular framework. These properties represent the common principles of fairness, efficiency, and non-manipulability by merging or splitting. Efficiency is our focal principle, which is formalized by means of two axioms: non-wastefulness and Pareto efficiency. We show that some combinations of the properties we consider are compatible, others are not.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU)Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)European Commission PGC2018-097965-B-I00Spanish Government ECO2017-86245-PJunta de Andalucia PAIDI SEJ426 P18-FR-293

A pre-Rodinian ophiolite involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain)

U–Pb dating of zircons from a metagabbro of the Purrido amphibolitic unit (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Iberian Massif) yielded an age of 1159 ± 39 Ma, interpreted to approximate the crystallization age of the gabbroic protolith. Considering the arc affinity of the metagabbroic rocks, the unit is interpreted as a pre-Rodinian ophiolite developed in a back-arc setting. It is suggested that the ophiolite was obducted over the West African terranes during the assembly of Rodinia. There, this terrane remained tectonically stable and facing an ocean for a long time, and eventually became part of the Gondwanan margin. The ophiolite was finally involved in the Variscan suture of Galicia where it is sandwiched between Palaeozoic rocks. The Purrido unit is so far the only example of a Mesoproterozoic ophiolite in the European Variscan belt, where pre-Neoproterozoic rocks are very scarce and restricted to small exposures

Comercio exterior y mediación lingüística en el sector vitivinícola de Castilla y León

Comercio exterior y mediación lingüística en el sector vitivinícola de Castilla y Leó

Beam Steering with Segmented Annular Arrays

Two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of squared matrix have maximum periodicity in their main directions; consequently, they require half wavelength (λ/2), interelement spacing to avoid grating lobes. This condition gives rise to well-known problems derived from the huge number of array elements and from their small size. In contrast, 2-D arrays with curvilinear configuration produce lower grating lobes and, therefore, allow the element size to be increased beyond λ/2. Using larger elements, these arrays have the advantage of reducing the number of elements and of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, the beamforming properties of segmented annular phased arrays are theoretically analyzed and compared with the equivalent squared matrix array. In the first part, point-like elements are considered in order to facilitate the field analysis with respect to the array structure. Afterward, the effect of the element size on the steered beam properties also is presented. In the examples, it is shown that the segmented annular array has notably lower grating lobes than the equivalent squared matrix array and that it is possible to design segmented annular arrays with interelement distance higher than λ whose beam characteristics are perfectly valid for volumetric imaging applications.This paper received the support of the Education and Science Ministry of Spain under its DPI2002-01583, DPI2004-06470, and DPI2004-06756 projects.Peer reviewe