MUELLES TESTEROS TRANSPORTABLES EN FERROCARRIL PARA OPERACIONES

Este proyecto, consiste en la realización de una alternativa al actual muelle testero transportable por ferrocarril denominado “Transfer”. El muelle Transfer es el medio utilizado por la Cía. de Ferrocarriles para la carga/descarga de vehículos blindados en el transporte ferroviario militar, tanto en Territorio Nacional, como en Zona de Operaciones, donde no se dispone de muelle prefabricado. Sin embargo, las nuevas necesidades logísticas de la OTAN requieren una mayor capacidad de carga manteniendo la posibilidad de ser transportado a través de las vías. En este trabajo, se propone una alternativa al Muelle Transfer ya que no cumple con la normativa española de seguridad en el transporte ferroviario. Para lo cual se han utilizado piezas estándar del puente Mabey. A su vez, se han considerado las cargas que pueden soportar en los puntos más desfavorables, así como la facilidad de montaje y transportabilidad. Los resultados del trabajo muestran que es posible utilizar los elementos del puente Mabey, adaptando los elementos necesarios de este en la construcción de un muelle testero. Las piezas que sufren mayor esfuerzo han sido calculadas mediante el software de diseño de Solidworks. Para ello se han actualizado los requerimientos a las nuevas solicitudes obteniendo finalmente unos resultados satisfactorios. Con ello se ha demostrado que las piezas pueden soportar las cargas y que es posible su adaptación a un muelle testero. Palabras clave: Muelle testero, ferrocarriles, capacidad.<br /

Integral Nested Sliding Mode Control for Antilock Brake System

An integral nested Sliding Mode (SM) Control is proposed for an Antilock Brake System (ABS) control problem by employing integral SM and nested SM concepts. This controller has robustness against matched and unmatched perturbations, and the capability to reduce the sliding functions gains. Application to an ABS is presented as a simulationConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaLomonosov Moscow State UniversityUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-AzcapotzalcoUniversidad de Guadalajar

EL ASENTAMIENTO DE ALMUÑÉCAR Y SU TERRITORIO EN LA PREHISTORIA RECIENTE

Some of the archaeological surveys carried out in Almuñécar throughout the XX century have provided a large and relevant information regarding Late Prehistory, both for the documented materials and for the location and location of the settlements. The interventions that have been carried out in the last decade both in the promontory of San Miguel and in its closest territory, the so-called Monte de Velilla, have provided new archaeological records where is recorded the end of the Argaric stage in this area of the coast. coastal and as in the late bronze period, it is occupied again, this time on the San Miguel hill, largely due to the contacts initiated with stable settlements in the area of Semitic populations from the eastern Mediterranean.Algunas de las intervenciones arqueológicas realizadas en Almuñécar a lo largo del s. XX han aportado una cuantiosa y relevante información referente a la prehistoria reciente, tanto por los materiales documentados como por la localización y emplazamiento de los asentamientos. Las intervenciones que se vienen desarrollando en la última década tanto en el propio promontorio de San Miguel como en su territorio más cercano, el denominado Monte de Velilla, han aportado nuevos registros arqueológicos que nos hablan del final de la etapa argárica en este espacio del litoral costero y como en el período del bronce final, se vuelve a ocupar, esta vez en el cerro de San Miguel, debido en gran medida a los contactos iniciados con asentamientos estables en la zona de poblaciones semitas procedentes del mediterráneo oriental

Towards adaptation to climate change: water for rice in the coastal wetlands of Doñana, Southern Spain

Rice production in coastal wetlands provides critical ecosystem services that range from flood control to wildlife habitat. In the Iberian Peninsula rice was introduced in the 10th Century. Today Iberian rice accounts for about one quarter of the total rice production of the European Union, almost exclusively cultivated in the coastal wetlands of Spain, with permanent flooding. The intensive water management required to produce rice stands at a crucial point since freshwater supply is deteriorating at an unprecedented rate. Here we explore flexible adaptation options to climate change in the Doñana wetlands - a world heritage and biodiversity site - from two points of view: What are the policy options for agricultural water management in view of climate change? How can informed stakeholders contribute to better adaptation? The first question is addressed by simulating water availability to farmers with the WAAPA model under a range of adaptation policy options derived from the view of the local communities. The second question was addressed by means of participatory research. Adaptation options are framed according to the local environmental, social and policy context. Results suggest that perception on the potential role of new water infrastructure and farming subsidies dominates the view of local communities. The choices of the stakeholders that could be simulated with the hydrological model, were quantified in terms of additional water availability for the rice farming, therefore providing a quantitative measure to the qualitative solutions. Information provided during the study shaped the final adaptation options developed. Our research contributes to the definition of sustainable rice production in Europe

Coupling a polarizable water model to the hydrated ion–water interaction potential: A test on the Cr3+ hydration

A strategy to build interaction potentials for describing ionic hydration of highly charged monoatomic cations by computer simulations, including the polarizable character of the solvent, is proposed. The method is based on the hydrated ion concept that has been previously tested for the case of Cr3+ aqueous solutions [J. Phys. Chem. 100, 11748 (1996)]. In the present work, the interaction potential of [Cr(H2O6)]3+ with water has been adapted to a water model that accounts for the polarizable character of the solvent by means of a mobile charge harmonic oscillator representation (MCHO model) [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 6448 (1990)]. Monte Carlo simulations of the Cr3+ hexahydrate plus 512 water molecules have been performed to study the energetics and structure of the ionic solution. The results show a significant improvement in the estimate of the hydration enthalpy [ LlHhydr(Cr3+)=-1109.6:±70 kcal/mol] that now matches the experimental value within the uncertainty of this magnitude. The use of the polarizable water model lowers by �140 kcal/mol the statistical estimation of the [Cr(H2O6)]3+ hydration enthalpy compared to the nonpolarizable model. (-573 kcal/mol for the polarizable model vs -714 kcal/mol for the nonpolarizable one.) This improvement reflects a more accurate treatment of the many-body nonadditive effects.Dirección General de Investigaciones Científica y Técnica PB95-0549DGAPA-UNAM ES-112896CONACyT L004-

COVID-19 inequalities: individual and area socioeconomic factors (Aragón, Spain)

It is essential to understand the impact of social inequalities on the risk of COVID-19 infection in order to mitigate the social consequences of the pandemic. With this aim, the objective of our study was to analyze the effect of socioeconomic inequalities, both at the individual and area of residence levels, on the probability of COVID-19 confirmed infection, and its variations across three pandemic waves. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and included data from all individuals tested for COVID-19 during the three waves of the pandemic, from March to December 2020 (357,989 individuals) in Aragón (Spain). We studied the effect of inequalities on the risk of having a COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis after being tested using multilevel analyses with two levels of aggregation: individuals and basic healthcare area of residence (deprivation level and type of zone). Inequalities in the risk of COVID-19 confirmed infection were observed at both the individual and area level. There was a predominance of low-paid employees living in deprived areas. Workers with low salaries, unemployed and people on minimum integration income or who no longer receive the unemployment allowance, had a higher probability of COVID-19 infection than workers with salaries ≥ €18,000 per year. Inequalities were greater in women and in the second wave. The deprivation level of areas of residence influenced the risk of COVID-19 infection, especially in the second wave. It is necessary to develop individual and area coordinated measures by areas in the control, diagnosis and treatment of the epidemic, in order to avoid an increase in the already existing inequalities

Innovative preparation of MoS2-graphene heterostructures based on alginate containing (NH4)2MoS4 and their photocatalytic activity for H2 generation

Films and particles of MoS2 on graphene (G) showing synergy for photocatalytic H-2 evolution due to the strong interaction between the two layered components have been obtained by pyrolysis at 900 degrees C under argon flow of ammonium alginate, films or powders, containing variable proportions of (NH4)(2)MoS4. X-ray diffraction shows that under these conditions (NH4)(2)MoS4 decomposes to MoS2, while simultaneously alginate forms few layers G or graphitic carbon residues. Sonication of MoS2-G powders in water produces exfoliation of the material leading to few-layers platelets of MoS2-G heterostructures. MoS2 is considered as an alternative of noble metals for H-2 evolution in dye-sensitized photocatalytic systems. In the present case, MoS2-G heterostructures exhibit more than double photocatalytic activity for H-2 generation than pristine MoS2 particles. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Financial support by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Severo Ochoa and CTQ-2012-32315) and Generalidad Valenciana (Prometeo 2012-13) is gratefully acknowledged. ML-S and IE-A thank the Spanish Ministry for postgraduate scholarships.Latorre Sánchez, M.; Esteve Adell, I.; Primo Arnau, AM.; García Gómez, H. (2015). Innovative preparation of MoS2-graphene heterostructures based on alginate containing (NH4)2MoS4 and their photocatalytic activity for H2 generation. Carbon. 81:587-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.09.093S5875968

Forensic archeology, the example of Viznar (Granada) as a methodological study of a civil conflict

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/romula/article/view/3959Con los trabajos realizados en el barranco de Víznar se da luz verde a la confirmaciónde evidencias forenses que demuestran la existencia de crímenes de lesa humanidad acaecidos en la provincia de Granada en general, y en los casos historiográficos de Víznar en particular. Estos fueron cometidos en el período comprendido entre el golpe militar de 1936 y la posterior dictadura franquista. Este trabajo trata de aclarar este debate histórico con metodología interdisciplinar a través de la arqueología y la antropología forense, además de aportar evidencias empíricas periciales que fundamenten la apertura de causa jurídica.The works performed in the ravine of Viznar provide forensic evidence confirming that crimes against humanity were committed in the province of Granada in general, and in the historiographic cases of Viznar in particular. These crimes were committed during the period between the 1936 military coup and the subsequent Francoist dictatorship. This essay aims to shed new light in the historical debate through an interdisciplinary methodology that uses archaeology and forensic anthropology, as well as through the provision of expert and empirical evidence to substantiate the initiation of legal proceedings.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

Performance of a Series of Polishing Ponds in the Treatment of Sanitary Sewage

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the functioning of a system of polishing ponds on a pilot scale in the post-treatment of urban sewage discharged from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and followed by a submerged aerated filter. The following variables were analyzed: transparency, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, nitrate (N-NO3), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophylla. In addition, the planktonic communities were also identified and quantified. During the study period, the pond system registered the following mean and standard deviation of the removal efficiencies: 32.9±31.7% of BOD, 26.5±33.9% of COD, and 29.0±49.6% of TSS; good performance was observed in the removal of nitrogen compounds, and the following results were obtained: 58.4±28.1%, 87.5±15.4%, 24.4±42.6%, and 9.4±51.8%, respectively for TKN, NH3, organic nitrogen, and N-NO3; and 26.9±25.8 of TP and 34.3±32.7% of PO4 3-. During the research period, the planktonic community was represented by the following classes: Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Dinophyceae; concurrently, the zooplankton registered low densities and was represented by the Rotiferous, Copepod, and Cladocera groups. The results help us understand  the performance of polishing ponds in treating sanitary effluents

Related Factors of Anemia in Critically Ill Patients : A Prospective Multicenter Study

Anemia is common in critically ill patients; almost 95% of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have hemoglobin levels below normal. Several causes may explain this phenomenon as well as the tendency to transfuse patients without adequate cause: due to a lack of adherence to protocols, lack of supervision, incomplete transfusion request forms, or a lack of knowledge about the indications, risks, and costs of transfusions. Daily sampling to monitor the coagulation parameters and the acid-base balance can aggravate anemia as the main iatrogenic factor in its production. We studied the association and importance of iatrogenic blood loss and other factors in the incidence of anemia in ICUs. We performed a prospective, observational, multicenter study in five Spanish hospitals. A total of 142 patients with a median age of 58 years (IQI: 48-69), 71.83% male and 28.17% female, were admitted to ICUs without a diagnosis of iatrogenic anemia. During their ICU stay, anemia appeared in 66.90% of the sample, 95 patients, (95% CI: 58.51-74.56%). Risk factors associated with the occurrence of iatrogenic anemia were arterial catheter insertion (72.63% vs. 46.81%, p -value = 0.003), venous catheter insertion (87.37% vs. 72.34%, p -value = 0.023), drainages (33.68% vs. 12. 77%, p -value = 0.038), and ICU stay, where the longer the stay, the higher the rate of iatrogenic anemia (p -value < 0.001). We concluded that there was a statistical significance in the production of iatrogenic anemia due to the daily sampling for laboratory monitoring and critical procedures in intensive care units. The implementation of patient blood management programs could address these issue