Factores motivacionales y de autoconcepto implicados en la predicción del rendimiento académico en Educación Secundaria

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el papel de la motivación y del autoconcepto en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los resultados mostraron que la autoeficacia académica percibida, las atribuciones del éxito a la capacidad, y el autoconcepto académico predijeron mayores niveles de rendimiento académico. Por otro lado, la motivación de evitación de fracaso, las atribuciones del éxito a la suerte y del fracaso a la dificultad de la tarea predijeron un peor rendimiento académico. Las atribuciones internas del éxito académico (capacidad y esfuerzo), y las atribuciones internas y estables del fracaso (capacidad), predijeron mayores y menores niveles de expediente académico, respectivamente, indirectamente a través de su influencia sobre el autoconcepto académico. Nuestros resultados muestran la importancia del papel del estilo atribucional en el desarrollo del autoconcepto y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en alumnos de Educación Secundaria.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of motivational factors and self-concept in predicting academic performance at the end of academic year in secondary school students. Results showed that perceived academic self-efficacy, attributions of academic success to one’s ability, and academic self-concept were predictive of higher levels of academic sucsess. In contrast, motivation to avoid failure, attributions of academic success to good luck, and attributions of failure to task difficulties predicted lower levels of academic success. Results also showed that attributions of academic success to one’s ability and effort, and attributions of failure to one’s ability were indirectly predictive of higher and lower academic performance, respectively, via their influence in academic self-concept. Our results point out the importance of attributional styles in the development of self-concept and their influence in academic performance in secondary school students

Soil organic matter fractions under long-term conservation tillage in rainfed Aragon (NE Spain)

1 Pag.Peer reviewe

Repetitive Negative Thinking Processes Account for Gender Differences in Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence

Rumination and worry are vulnerability factors involved in the early development of depression and anxiety during adolescence, particularly in girls. Current views conceptualize rumination and worry as transdiagnostic forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). However, most of research has analyzed them separately, without considering gender differences. We analyzed common and specific roles of rumination and worry in accounting for depressive and anxiety symptom levels overall and as a function of gender in adolescents (N = 159). Rumination and worry items were loaded into separate RNT factors. Girls showed a higher use of rumination and worry and higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys. Structural equation modeling supported that both RNT factors accounted for gender differences in symptom levels: rumination was the strongest mediator for depression and worry the strongest mediator for anxiety. Our findings support both general and specific contributions of RNT to account for affective symptomatology during adolescence, particularly in girls

Ametantrone-based compounds as potential regulators of Tau pre-mRNA alternative splicing

We describe the synthesis and characterization of ametantrone-containing RNA ligands based on the derivatization of this intercalator with two neamine moieties (Amt-Nea,Nea) or with one azaquinolone heterocycle and one neamine (Amt-Nea,Azq) as well as its combination with guanidinoneamine (Amt-NeaG4). Biophysical studies revealed that guanidinylation of the parent ligand (Amt-Nea) had a positive effect on the binding of the resulting compound for Tau pre-mRNA target as well as on the stabilization upon complexation of some of the mutated RNA sequences associated with the development of tauopathies. Further studies by NMR revealed the existence of a preferred binding site in the stem-loop structure, in which ametantrone intercalates in the characteristic bulged region. Regarding doubly-functionalized ligands, binding affinity and stabilizing ability of Amt-Nea,Nea were similar to those of the guanidinylated ligand, but the two aminoglycoside fragments seem to interfere with its accommodation in a single binding site. However, Amt-Nea,Azq binds at the bulged region in a similar way than Amt-NeaG4. Overall, these results provide new insights on fine-tuning RNA binding properties of ametantrone by single or double derivatization with other RNA recognition motifs, which could help in the future design of new ligands with improved selectivity for disease-causing RNA molecules

Foot Blister Incidence in Trekking and Associated Factors

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con la presencia de ampollas durante el senderismo. Método: La población de estudio fueron 1155 peregrinos que recibieron asistencia podológica. La información fue obtenida mediante una anamnesis y una exploración podológica. Los factores analizados fueron: edad, sexo, entrenamiento previo, nacionalidad, tipo de calzado, antigüedad del mismo y kilómetros realizados. Resultados: Las ampollas se encontraron en el 71,9 % de los peregrinos y se distribuyeron de manera similar en ambos pies, afectando principalmente el talón (20%) y el quinto dedo (14,6 %). Se encontró asociación con el sexo (p < 0,05). Las deportivas fueron las menos asociadas con ampollas (p = 0,03). No hubo relación significativa con el entrenamiento previo y el uso de calzado nuevo. Conclusiones: La incidencia de ampollas entre los senderistas fue del 80 %, y se asoció con el sexo (mayor en la mujer) y el tipo de calzado.Objective: The study objective was to determine the factors associated with presence of blisters during hiking. Methods: The study population included 1155 pilgrims who received podiatry care. The information sources used to obtain the study variables were history by a previously devised questionnaire and foot examination. The analyzed factors were age, gender, prior training, nationality, footwear type, worn versus new shoes and kilometers hiked. Results: Blisters were found in 71.9% of pilgrims. Blisters were distributed similarly on both feet, mostly on the heel (20%) and the 5th toe (14.6%). Gender was an associated variable (p<0.05).The sport shoes were the least associated with presence of blisters (p=0.03). We found no significant relationship with prior training and use of worn shoes. Conclusions: The incidence of blisters among hikers is almost 80%, and is associated with gender (more in woman) and footwear type

Las frutas: Una propuesta didáctica para la escuela inclusiva

Novenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2003-2004

Exposición a factores ambientales y riesgo de tumores en el sistema nervioso central en niños: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Se analiza el riesgo de tumores en el sistema nervioso central en niños en relación con la exposición a factores ambientales como radiaciones (ionizantes, no ionizantes), sustancias químicas (pesticidas, productos de belleza, contaminantes atmosféricos) y alimentos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis con estudios identificados en la búsqueda de PubMed (1987-2013). Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los valores de OR muestran que el riesgo de tumores en el sistema nervioso central en niños se asocia significativamente con la exposición de los padres y que el periodo prenatal es una ventana crítica para varios de los factores ambientales considerados. Aunque la fracción de riesgo atribuible a cada factor aún se desconoce, el análisis estadístico permitió determinar asociaciones significativas para factores químicos como pesticidas (OR: 1,93; IC 95 % 1,51-2,47), contaminantes atmosféricos (OR: 1,45; IC 95 % 1,17-1,80) y alimentos con compuestos N-nitroso (OR: 1,96; IC 95 % 1,40-2,73) especialmente durante la exposición prenatal. Abstract. We analyzed the risk of tumors in the central nervous system of children in relation to exposure to environmental factors such as radiation (ionizing, non-ionizing), chemicals (pesticides, cosmetics, air pollutants) and foods. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies identified through a PubMed search (1987-2013). The results obtained from OR values show that the risk of tumors in the central nervous system of children is significantly associated with parental exposure and that the prenatal period is a critical window for several of the environmental factors considered. Although the risk fraction attributable to each factor is still unknown, a statistical analysis allowed to determine significant relations for chemical factors such as pesticides (OR:1.93; 95% IC 1.51-2.47), air pollutants (OR: 1.45; 95% IC 1.17-1.80) and foods with N-nitrous compounds (OR: 1.96; 95% IC 1.40-2.73) especially for prenatal exposur

Análisis comparativo de ciclo de vida de autobuses urbanos Euro 4 con sistema de postratamiento de gases de escape

La normativa EURO 4 marca un límite de emisiones contaminantes respecto a la emisión de NOx, partículas que han obligado al fabricante y, en concreto, a la ingeniería del motor a realizar estudios del funcionamiento del motor y del sistema de tratamiento de gases de escape radicalmente diferentes. En concreto, los estudios realizados han sido dos; por un lado, en motores que reducen la temperatura en cámara mediante recirculación de gases de escape (EGR) para reducción de NOx e incorporan filtro de partículas en el escape, y por el otro lado en motores que trabajan a altas temperaturas para reducción de partículas e incorporan un sistema catalítico selectivo (SCR) para reducir el NOx utilizando urea. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo de ambos sistemas para determinar el mejor comportamiento frente al requerimiento de energía, emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, contaminantes en un ciclo de vida global. Para ello, se tomarán los datos adquiridos del ciclo de conducción real de consumo y emisiones contaminantes, mediante un equipo de medidas embarcado a bordo del autobús. Completado el análisis del pozo a la rueda, se incluirá el análisis energético del cambio del gasóleo, de la urea. Finalmente, utilizando el programa GaBi 4, de análisis del ciclo de vida, se evaluará el impacto medioambiental al proceso de fabricación y reciclado, de ambos sistemas de postratamiento de gases de escape

Prevalent sequences in the Human Genome Can Form Mini i-Motif Structures at Physiological pH

We report here the solution structure of several repetitive DNA sequences containing d(TCGTTCCGT) and related repeats. At physiological pH, these sequences fold into i-motif like quadruplexes in which every two repeats a globular structure is stabilized by two hemiprotonated C:C+ base pairs, flanked by two minor groove tetrads resulting from the association of G:C or G:T base pairs. The interaction between the minor groove tetrads and the nearby C:C+ base pairs affords a strong stabilization, which results in effective pHT values above 7.5. Longer sequences with more than two repeats are able to fold in tandem, forming a rosary bead-like structure. Bioinformatics analysis shows that these sequences are prevalent in the human genome, and are present in development-related genes