Performance evaluation and limitations of a vision system on a reconfigurable/programmable chip

This paper presents a survey of the characteristics of a vision system implemented in a reconfigurable/programmable chip (FPGA). System limitations and performance have been evaluated in order to derive specifications and constraints for further vision system synthesis. The system hereby reported has a conventional architecture. It consists in a central microprocessor (CPU) and the necessary peripheral elements for data acquisition, data storage and communications. It has been designed to stand alone, but a link to the programming and debugging tools running in a digital host (PC) is provided. In order to alleviate the computational load of the central microprocessor, we have designed a visual co-processor in charge of the low-level image processing tasks. It operates autonomously, commanded by the CPU, as another system peripheral. The complete system, without the sensor, has been implemented in a single reconfigurable chip as a SOPC. The incorporation of a dedicated visual co-processor, with specific circuitry for low-level image processing acceleration, enhances the system throughput outperforming conventional processing schemes. However, time-multiplexing of the dedicated hardware remains a limiting factor for the achievable peak computing power. We have quantified this effect and sketched possible solutions, like replication of the specific image processing hardware. © J.UCS.This work has been partially funded by project FIT-330100-2005-162 of the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce. The work of F. J. Sánchez-Fernández is supported by a grant of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.Peer Reviewe

Robust symmetric multiplication for programmable analog VLSI array processing

This paper presents an electrically programmable analog multiplier. The circuit performs the multiplication between an input variable and an electrically selectable scaling factor. The multiplier is divided in several blocks: a linearized transconductor, binary weighted current mirrors and a differential to single-ended current adder. This paper shows the advantages introduced using a linearized OTA-based multiplier. The circuit presented renders higher linearity and symmetry in the output current than a previously reported single-transistor multiplier. Its inclusion in an array processor based on CNN allows for a more accurate implementation of the processing model and a more robust weight distribution scheme than those found in previous designs.Office of Naval Research (USA) N-00014- 02-1-0884Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2003-09817-C02-0

Performance evaluation and limitations of a vision system on a reconfigurable/programmable chip

This paper presents a survey of the characteristics of a vision system implemented in a reconfigurable/programmable chip (FPGA). System limitations and performance have been evaluated in order to derive specifications and constraints for further vision system synthesis. The system hereby reported has a conventional architecture. It consists in a central microprocessor (CPU) and the necessary peripheral elements for data acquisition, data storage and communications. It has been designed to stand alone, but a link to the programming and debugging tools running in a digital host (PC) is provided. In order to alleviate the computational load of the central microprocessor, we have designed a visual co-processor in charge of the low-level image processing tasks. It operates autonomously, commanded by the CPU, as another system peripheral. The complete system, without the sensor, has been implemented in a single reconfigurable chip as a SOPC. The incorporation of a dedicated visual co-processor, with specific circuitry for low-level image processing acceleration, enhances the system throughput outperforming conventional processing schemes. However, timemultiplexing of the dedicated hardware remains a limiting factor for the achievable peak computing power. We have quantified this effect and sketched possible solutions, like replication of the specific image processing hardware

A Focal-Plane Image Processor for Low Power Adaptive Capture and Analysis of the Visual Stimulus

Portable applications of artificial vision are limited by the fact that conventional processing schemes fail to meet the specifications under a tight power budget. A bio-inspired approach, based in the goal-directed organization of sensory organs found in nature, has been employed to implement a focal-plane image processor for low power vision applications. The prototype contains a multi-layered CNN structure concurrent with 32times32 photosensors with locally programmable integration time for adaptive image capture with on-chip local and global adaptation mechanisms. A more robust and linear multiplier block has been employed to reduce irregular analog wave propagation ought to asymmetric synapses. The predicted computing power per power consumption, 142MOPS/mW, is orders of magnitude above what rendered by conventional architectures

Hemangioma intramuscular: (aportación de 6 casos y revisión de la literatura)

Se presentan seis casos de hemangioma intramuscular. Se discute la etiología, histopatología, métodos diagnósticos y el tratamiento óptimo. El tratamiento de elección debe ser la escisión ampliada siempre que ésta sea posible, siendo los resultados satisfactorios.Six cases of haemangioma arising in skeletal muscle are described. The aetiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of thes e tumours are discussed. Wide excision remains the treatment of choice whereve r possible with satisfactory results

Marginal Bone Loss in Implants Placed in Grafted Maxillary Sinus

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the vertical and horizontal graft bone resorption (GR) in grafted maxillary sinuses and the marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants placed in the sinuses with different prosthetic connections and to determine the effect of other clinical factors on these tissue responses at 6 and 18 months postloading.Material and MethodA total of 254 implants were placed in 150 grafted maxillary sinuses of 101 patients (51.5% female) with mean age of 52.2 years (range, 32–82 years). GR and MBL measurements were made in implants placed with two different prosthetic connections (internal and external) at 6 and 18 months postloading. The complex samples general linear model was used to analyze the influence of patient age, gender, smoking habit, history of periodontal disease, implantation timing (simultaneous vs deferred), and prosthetic abutment length on radiographic GR and MBL values.ResultsAt 18 months postloading, the MBL ranged from 0 mm to 5.89 mm; less than 1 mm was lost around 49.0% (mesial) and 44.3% (distal) of the implants, while no bone was lost around 32.9% (mesial) and 26.7% (distal). The GR was significantly affected by smoking, remnant alveolar bone height, graft length, graft height, gender, and age, and it significantly decreased over time. The MBL was influenced by the type of connection, implantation timing, and prosthetic abutment length. The MBL was greater with longer postloading interval and higher patient age and in smokers.ConclusionResorption of grafts that combine autogenous cortical bone with anorganic bovine bone is dependent on the anatomic features of the sinus and is not affected by the time elapsed after the first 6 months. The MBL in implants placed in these grafted areas is time dependent and mainly related to potentially modifiable clinical decisions and patient habits.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110884/1/cid12092.pd

Formation of two-ion crystals by injection from a Paul-trap source into a high-magnetic-field Penning trap

Two-ion crystals constitute a platform for investigations of quantum nature that can be extended to any ion species or charged particle provided one of the ions in the crystal can be directly laser cooled and manipulated with laser radiation. This paper presents the formation of two-ion crystals for quantum metrology in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. 40Ca+ ions are produced either internally by photoionization or externally in a (Paul-trap) source, transported through the strong magnetic field gradient of the superconducting solenoid, and captured in-flight with a mean kinetic energy of a few electronvolts with respect to the minimum of the Penning-trap potential well. Laser cooling of the two-ion crystal in a strong magnetic field towards reaching the quantum regime is also presented, with particular emphasis on the cooling of the radial modes.Spanish Government PID2019-104093GB-I00/AEI/10.013 39/501100011033Andalusian Government P18FR-3432 PTA2018-016573-IFondo Operativo FEDER A-FQM-425-UGR18Spanish Government FPU17/02596University of Granada "Plan Propio -Programa de Intensificacion de la Investigacion" PP2017-PRI.I-04Laboratorios Singulares 2020European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 278648TRAPSENSOR MICINN/FEDER/UGR FPA2015-67694-P FPA2012-32076 UNGR10-1E501 UNGR13-1E-1830 EQC2018-005130-PJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission IE-5713 IE2017-5513Spanish MICINN ("Beatriz Galindo" Fellowship) BEAGAL18/00078German Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission SFB/CRC 122

Sobre el reconocimiento en España de laudos arbitrales extranjeros anulados o suspendidos en el estado de origen

El exequátur en España de laudos extranjeros está regido por el Convenio de Nueva York de 1958. Este establece una serie de causas de denegación del reconocimiento entre las que se cuenta que el laudo haya sido anulado o suspendido en el Estado de origen, ex artículo V.1 (e).Asimismo, el Convenio de Nueva York establece, como criterio para resolver los problemas de concurrencia normativa que pueden surgir entre este y otros convenios internacionales, caso del Convenio de Ginebra de 1961 dentro de su ámbito de aplicación, o el propio Derecho interno, un principio de mayor favorabilidad. El trabajo analiza el régimen que dispone el artículo V.1 (e) del Convenio de Nueva York y el juego del principio de mayor favorabilidad para determinar si cabe el exequátur en España de laudos anulados o suspendidos en el Estado de origen. Palabras clave: arbitraje, laudos extranjeros, anulación, suspensión, exequátur Abstract: The exequatur in Spain of foreign arbitral awards is governed by the 1958 New York Convention. It establishes several grounds for refusal of recognition, among which the set aside or the suspension of the arbitral award in the State of origin, ex article V.1 (e). Additionally, the New YorkConvention provides, as a criterion for concurrence issues among it and other international conventions, such as the 1961 Geneva Convention, or the domestic law a principle of favorability. This paper analyses the regime established by article V.1 (e) of the New York Convention and the effect of the principle of favorability to determine if it is possible to obtain the exequatur in Spain of foreign arbitral awards which has been set aside or suspended in the State of origin. Keywords: arbitration, foreign arbitral awards, set aside, suspension, exequatur

El desarrollo de la competencia ortográfica en estudiantes de educación secundaria

Páginas: 154-171.O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar o desenvolvimento da competência ortográfica em 60 alunos no primeiro e quarto anos de Ensino Secundário Obrigatório. Da estrutura que apresenta a nova Ortografia da língua espanhola (Royal Spanish Academy e Associação de Academias da Língua Espanhola, 2010), foi elaborado um teste composto por um texto de 242 palavras com 25 tipos de lapsogramas espalhados por 35 itens que os participantes devem detectar. De acordo com a premissa inicial do estudo, era esperado que a competência ortográfica melhorasse significativamente ao longo do ensino médio. No entanto, há muito poucos lapsogramas que são corrigidos ao longo do tempo. Não se destina a reformar a ortografia, mas é reivindicar uma renovação nos métodos de ensino de ortografia.This study examines the development of the orthographic competence in sixty students from the first and fourth grades of mandatory high school. Taking the structure of the new Spanish Language Orthography (Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, 2010), a test based on a 242 word text was designed. In this text, the students had to identify 25 lapsograms of different types, distributed in 35 items. The initial hypothesis of this study included a substantial improvement of the orthographic competence of high school students. Nevertheless, very few lapsograms were corrected over time. It is not the purpose of this study to start an orthographic reform, but to make a case for the renewal of the teaching methods of orthography.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto examinar el desarrollo de la competencia ortográfica en 60 alumnos de primero y cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. A partir de la estructura que la nueva Ortografía de la lengua española (Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, 2010) presenta, se diseñó una prueba que consistió en un texto de 242 palabras con 25 tipos de lapsogramas repartidos en 35 ítems que debían detectar los participantes. De acuerdo con el supuesto de partida del estudio, se esperaba que la competencia ortográfica mejorase significativamente a lo largo de la secundaria. Sin embargo son muy pocos los lapsogramas que se subsanan con el tiempo. No se pretende una reforma ortográfica, sino que se trata de reivindicar una renovación en los métodos de enseñanza de la ortografía.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 170-171.Artículo de investigación revisado por pares académicos

3-Layer CNN Chip for Focal-Plane Complex Dynamics with Adaptive Image Capture

This paper presents a CMOS implementation of a layered CNN concurrent with 32times32 photosensors with locally programmable integration time for adaptive image capture. The network is arranged in two layers containing feedback and control templates, inter-layer connections and programmable ratio of time constants. There are also feedforward connections to a third layer, which is faster, and devoted exclusively for combining the outputs of the other two. A more robust and linear multiplier block has been employed to reduce irregular analog wave propagation ought to asymmetric synapses. Global and local adaptation circuits are included on-chip. The predicted computing power per power consumption, 240MOPS/mW, is amongst the largest reported, what renders this kind of devices as especially adequate for portable applications of artificial visionMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2003-09817-C02-01Office of Naval (USA) N-00014-02-1-088