Transverse-Mass Effective Temperature in Heavy-Ion Collisions from AGS to SPS

Transverse-mass spectra in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions in incident energy range from 2A to 160A GeV are analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics. It is shown that dynamical description of freeze-out, accepted in this model, naturally explains the incident energy behavior of inverse-slope parameters of these spectra observed in experiment. Simultaneous reproduction of the inverse-slopes of all considered particles (protons, pions and kaons) suggests that these particles belong to the same hydrodynamic flow at the instant of their freeze-out.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions within 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics: Hadronic Scenario

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model for simulating relativistic heavy-ion collisions is introduced. Alongside with two baryon-rich fluids, the new model considers time-delayed evolution of a third, baryon-free (i.e. with zero net baryonic charge) fluid of newly produced particles. Its evolution is delayed due to a formation time, during which the baryon-free fluid neither thermalizes nor interacts with the baryon-rich fluids. After the formation it starts to interact with the baryon-rich fluids and quickly gets thermalized. Within this model with pure hadronic equation of state, a systematic analysis of various observables at incident energies between few and about 160A GeV has been done as well as comparison with results of transport models. We have succeeded to reasonably reproduce a great body of experimental data in the incident energy range of E_{lab} = (1-160)A GeV. The list includes proton and pion rapidity distributions, proton transverse-mass spectra, rapidity distributions of Lambda and antiLambda hyperons, elliptic flow of protons and pions (with the exception of proton v2 at 40A GeV), multiplicities of pions, positive kaons, phi-mesons, hyperons and antihyperons, including multi-strange particles. This agreement is achieved on the expense of substantial enhancement of the interflow friction as compared to that estimated proceeding from hadronic free cross sections. However, we have also found out certain problems. The calculated yield of K^- is approximately by a factor of 1.5 higher than that in the experiment. We have also failed to describe directed transverse flow of protons and pion at E_{lab} > 40A GeV. This failure apparently indicates that the used EoS is too hard and thereby leaves room for a phase transition.Comment: 30 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Weight Loss As a Sociocultural Practice of Creating a Demanded Body in the Students' Community

This article discusses the sociocultural practice of weight loss as a mean of a demanded body design in the student’s community. The study was conducted in 2019 at the South-Ural State University (National Research University) in Chelyabinsk, in Russia. The research methodology uses quantitative approach. 350 students were questioned. The objectives of the research were to study students’ perceptions of the body in demand and methods of weight loss for the construction of the body in demand. The study was based on sociological theories: such as body theory, theory of social / sociocultural practice and the social constructivism theory. The survey has revealed a strong dependence of students’ desire to lose weight on the common opinion. 79% of those who have been told about his / her stoutness want to lose weight, and only 24% of those who have not been told about his / her stoutness has the desire to lose weight. A strong relationship was also found between the students’ attempt and the desire to lose weight, depending on the presence of excess pounds. The authors draw conclusions about the students’ gender difference in ideas about the demanded female and male body. For girls, the harmony of the female body is more important than such a characteristic for men (despite the fact that this is their only requirement), as well as the relief, which for the boys in the perception of the female body was not important. But the requirements for the lack of undesirable body characteristics are the same. The study has shown that the majority of respondents (72.0%) do not consider model parameters of the figure to be the standard. However, girls still relate to such ideals somewhat more favorably than boys. Perhaps this is due to the greater exposure of girls to the influence of the media, public opinion and advertising. The dependence of the attempt and desire to lose weight on the adoption of model parameters for the standard was not found. The study has determined that for the majority of students the sociocultural practice of weight loss is an important means of constructing their physicality. However, for only one third of the respondents, it turned out to be effective. At the same time, students are not ready for more radical measures to change their physicality. Keywords: demanded body, students’ community, sociocultural practice of losing weight, a demanded body desig

The principle of integration in the join of younger schoolers to opera creativity

One of the tasks of modern education is the introduction to various types of classical art, including Opera. Implementing this task, teachers use different approaches, one of which is an integrative approach. The article considers one of the principles of introduction to the Opera creativity of younger pupils in the conditions of work of children's art schools - integration. Based on the considered positions of various authors, the types of integration in the introduction of younger pupils to Opera creativity in the process of musical education were identified, which were implemented in the children's school of arts №1 of Berezovsky, Sverdlovsk region.Одной из задач современного образования является приобщение к различным видам классического искусства, в том числе и к оперному творчеству. Реализуя эту задачу, педагоги используют различные подходы, одним из которых является интегративный подход. В статье рассматривается один из принципов приобщения к оперному творчеству младших школьников в условиях работы детских школ искусств - интеграции

National identity of the population in Chelyabinsk

В статье приводятся результаты исследования национальной идентичности жителей г. Челябинска. На основе эмпирического материала сравниваются основные виды идентичности четырех возрастных групп и анализируются выявленные различия гражданских и этнических установок респондентов.The article presents the data of sociological research devoted to the problem of national identity citize3nce of Chelyabinsk. The author compares main identities of four groups people of different ages, considers different attitudes of respondents ( civic, ethnic, religious, national)

Transverse-Mass Spectra in Heavy-Ion Collisions at energies E_{lab} = 2--160 GeV/nucleon

Transverse-mass spectra of protons, pions and kaons produced in collisions of heavy nuclei are analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics. It was demonstrated that this model consistently reproduces these spectra in wide ranges of incident energies E_{lab}, from 4A GeV to 160A GeV, rapidity bins and centralities of the collisions. In particular, the model describes the "step-like" dependence of kaon inverse slopes on the incident energy. The key point of this explanation is interplay of hydrodynamic expansion of the system with its dynamical freeze-out.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, summary is extended, version accepted by Phys. Rev.