Reporte de las serpientes del municipio de Tamalameque, Cesar - Colombia

Objetivo. Identificar preliminarmente los ofidios del municipio de Tamalameque, departamento del Cesar-Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre enero y mayo de 2009, mediante búsqueda libre y captura manual se efectuaron muestreos de serpientes, con dos muestreos por mes y un esfuerzo de captura de cuatro horas/hombres. Resultados. Se reporta para esta localidad la presencia de tres familias de serpientes, distribuidas en 12 géneros y 13 especies; La familia Colubridae fue la mejor representada con el 76.93% de las especies reportadas, seguida de la familia Boidae 15.38% y Anomalepidae 7.69%. Conclusiones. Los resultados permiten deducir que la familia Colúbridae es un componente herpetológico importante para la Ciénaga del Cristo y que las amenazas antropicas para los ofidios en esta localidad son la destrucción de hábitat y falta de conocimiento ecológico y etológico por parte de los pobladore

Consumo e identidad: un enfoque relacional

Rational choice theory and structuralist theories build their arguments on deterministic presuppositions on the consumerist society. As a consequence, their explanation of the relationship between consumption and identity depends on either an abstract rationality or on structures of power and control. In so doing, both theories neglect the role of real people in the processes of identity construction. On the contrary, relational critical realism stands as a more receptive perspective toward the ability of human beings in their social and personal development

Consumo de marca y capital social. Nuevas formas de solidaridad en el ámbito del consumo

En el ámbito del consumo están surgiendo formas específicas de capital social, es decir, relaciones de reciprocidad en redes, asociaciones y grupos de consumidores, con consecuencias instrumentales y expresivas. Se muestran diversos ejemplos que manifiestan esta tendencia. Entre ellos destacan las comunidades de usuarios de determinadas marcas comerciales, cuyos miembros comparten compromisos específicos con valores y significados, encarnados en tales marcas de su elección, que dan contenido a los lazos que les unen. Se exploran también algunas consecuencias de la emergencia de estos vínculos entre consumidores

Cooperative games and inclusion in physical education

De acuerdo con los principios teóricos de la praxeología motriz este estudio examinó cuatro tipos de conductas motrices cooperativas: ajustadas [AJUS], desajustadas [DESAJ], perversas [PER]) y de pacto (PACT) de 40 niños (18 con discapacidades and 22 sin discapacidades) de 8-11 años que participaron en un programa diseñado para promover la inclusión a través de juegos cooperativos. Las conductas motrices más frecuentes (24%) fueron las AJUS. Modelos de regresión múltiple mostraron que las variables dependientes tuvieron un considerable poder de explicación: AJUS, 34%; DESAJ, el 22%; PERV, 30% y 3% PACT. Con respecto a las variables independientes analizadas, es decir, la edad, el género y si la persona tenía discapacidad, sólo esta última explicó algunas de las conductas observadas.Based on the theoretical principles of motor praxeology this study examined four types of cooperative motor behaviours, namely well-matched [WMAT], mismatched [MISMAT], destructive [DEST] and cooperative agreement (PACT), among 40 children aged 8-11 years (18 children with disabilities and 22 without disabilities) who were taking part in a workshop designed to promote inclusion through cooperative games. The most commonly observed motor behaviour (24%) was WMAT. Multiple regression models showed that the dependent variables had considerable explanatory power: WMAT, 34%; MISMAT, 22%; DEST, 30%; and PACT 3%. With respect to the independent variables analysed, namely age, gender and whether or not the child had disabilities, only the latter explained some of the observed behaviour

Climatic applicability of downdraught evaporative cooling in the United States of America

The potential for application of downdraught cooling in the United States of America (U.S.) depends on its climatic characteristics. However, due to the large geographic span of the country, it varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features influencing climate, including altitude, topography and terrain. This study describes the development of climatic applicability maps of downdraught cooling in the U.S., which can aid designers in the initial identification of the correct cooling strategy for the geographic area of interest. The proposed approach is based on a set of maps, which are derived from two related climatic indexes: dry bulb temperature to wet bulb temperature depression (DBT−WBT), representing the climatic opportunity, and 26ºC minus wet bulb temperature (26ºC−WBT), representing the climatic opportunity against the theoretical cooling requirement for each location. The downdraught cooling strategy and degree of applicability is classified in the map, based on the aforementioned climatic and cooling parameters. Finally, four representative buildings in four different regions with different climatic conditions were selected for climatic analysis. This resulted in the identification of some climate zones for downdraught cooling application in the U.S. and the suggestion of appropriate design strategies for each of them

Enhanced gene trapping in mouse embryonic stem cells

Gene trapping is used to introduce insertional mutations into genes of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). It is performed with gene trap vectors that simultaneously mutate and report the expression of the endogenous gene at the site of insertion and provide a DNA tag for rapid identification of the disrupted gene. Gene traps have been employed worldwide to assemble libraries of mouse ESC lines harboring mutations in single genes, which can be used to make mutant mice. However, most of the employed gene trap vectors require gene expression for reporting a gene trap event and therefore genes that are poorly expressed may be under-represented in the existing libraries. To address this problem, we have developed a novel class of gene trap vectors that can induce gene expression at insertion sites, thereby bypassing the problem of intrinsic poor expression. We show here that the insertion of the osteopontin enhancer into several conventional gene trap vectors significantly increases the gene trapping efficiency in high-throughput screens and facilitates the recovery of poorly expressed genes

Passive cooling applicability mapping: A tool for designers

The applicability of passive cooling methods has been a recurring subject in architectural engineering science. The integration of these methods in architecture often requires feasibility studies and, in most cases, a deep knowledge of the climatic conditions is required to succeed in this task. The number of parameters to be evaluated will depend on the complexity of the cooling system, the physics involved and the context. This paper addresses the climatic applicability of convective and evaporative cooling systems in the context of United States (US) through the creation of a series of applicability maps deriving from processed climate data. This work is a revision of the climatic maps for downdraught cooling developed in Europe and in China with an extension to evaluate the opportunity for natural ventilation. More specifically, the studied cooling solutions are: Natural Convective Cooling (NCC), Passive Evaporative Cooling (PEC), and Active Downdraught Cooling (ADC). The maps obtained demonstrate the strong potential for the use of passive evaporative and convective cooling solutions in the US to overcome the current dependency on mechanical systems

Comparative pan-genome analysis of Piscirickettsia salmonis reveals genomic divergences within genogroups

Indexación: Scopus.Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia, a disease that seriously affects the salmonid industry. Despite efforts to genomically characterize P. salmonis, functional information on the life cycle, pathogenesis mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and control of this fish pathogen remain lacking. To address this knowledge gap, the present study conducted an in silico pan-genome analysis of 19 P. salmonis strains from distinct geographic locations and genogroups. Results revealed an expected open pan-genome of 3,463 genes and a core-genome of 1,732 genes. Two marked genogroups were identified, as confirmed by phylogenetic and phylogenomic relationships to the LF-89 and EM-90 reference strains, as well as by assessments of genomic structures. Different structural configurations were found for the six identified copies of the ribosomal operon in the P. salmonis genome, indicating translocation throughout the genetic material. Chromosomal divergences in genomic localization and quantity of genetic cassettes were also found for the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system. To determine divergences between core-genomes, additional pan-genome descriptions were compiled for the so-termed LF and EM genogroups. Open pan-genomes composed of 2,924 and 2,778 genes and core-genomes composed of 2,170 and 2,228 genes were respectively found for the LF and EM genogroups. The core-genomes were functionally annotated using the Gene Ontology, KEGG, and Virulence Factor databases, revealing the presence of several shared groups of genes related to basic function of intracellular survival and bacterial pathogenesis. Additionally, the specific pan-genomes for the LF and EM genogroups were defined, resulting in the identification of 148 and 273 exclusive proteins, respectively. Notably, specific virulence factors linked to adherence, colonization, invasion factors, and endotoxins were established. The obtained data suggest that these genes could be directly associated with inter-genogroup differences in pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions, information that could be useful in designing novel strategies for diagnosing and controlling P. salmonis infection. © 2017 Nourdin-Galindo, Sánchez, Molina, Espinoza-Rojas, Oliver, Ruiz, Vargas-Chacoff, Cárcamo, Figueroa, Mancilla, Maracaja-Coutinho and Yañez.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00459/ful

Types of Angiopathy in Experimental Autoimmune Disease in Rats

The purpose and objectives of this work were to study the nature of the heart, lungs and kidneys angiopathy in rats with a model of systemic autoimmune disease, carrying out comparisons of the results with extravasal morphological manifestations of the pathological process, the state of vascular endothelial function and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. The experiment was conducted on 40 non-linear rats. To simulate the disease animals were injected by complete Freund's adjuvant, a solution of splenic deoxyribonucleic acid cattle, mercaptopurine, methyluracilum and with food rats constantly received sulfate cadmium, lithium hydroxybutyrate and ammonium molybdate. Within two months from the start of the study animals were taken out of the experiment on the background of intraperitoneal nembutal anesthesia. Histological sections of the heart, lung and kidney tissue were stained with hematoxylin -eosin, alcian blue and by van-Gieson, becoming the PAS-reaction. In the animals with the proposed experimental model of systemic autoimmune disease observed morphological characteristics of lesions of the heart blood vessels, lungs and kidneys, the nature of the manifestations of which were interconnected with each other, which confirms the common pathogenetic angiopathy constructions at various diseases in clinical practice. In the genesis of cardiac, pulmonary and renal vessels lesions act the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and violation of vascular endothelial function, which has a certain practical significance. In clinical practice, not only purely systemic vasculitis, and other autoimmune diseases should be treated as angiopathy