109 research outputs found
Villeneuve-Saint-Germain â Le Fond du Ham
Le projet MASSIV-ANV de lâASAVA a dĂ©butĂ© en 2007 par une annĂ©e probatoire. LâannĂ©e 2010 a constituĂ© la derniĂšre annĂ©e du programme triennal initialement formalisĂ©. On rappellera quâil sâagit dâune enquĂȘte sur les « fossĂ©s en croix » du site, qui vise Ă prĂ©ciser les propriĂ©tĂ©s intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques de ces structures si originales. Les fossĂ©s servent de « fil rouge » Ă ce projet afin dâapprĂ©hender, aprĂšs les fouilles des annĂ©es 1970 et 1980, un site dont on a, au passage, portĂ© la superf..
Ian Hodder (dir.), Archaeological Theory Today, Polity, Cambridge
Il est bien rĂ©volu ce temps de lâarchĂ©ologie incarnĂ© par le Old Timer dans la parabole proposĂ©e par K. Flannery en 1982 « The golden Marshalltown » : quâon le regrette ou non, on ne peut plus affirmer comme lui que la thĂ©orie en archĂ©ologie est anthropologique ou nâest pas. La seconde Ă©dition dâArchaeological Theory Today (ATT ensuite) dirigĂ©e par I. Hodder en apporte une nouvelle et utile dĂ©monstration. La comparaison avec lâĂ©dition de 2001 laisse apparaĂźtre une rĂ©vision sensible des contenu..
RDF: A Reconfigurable Dataflow Model of Computation
International audienceDataflow Models of Computation (MoCs) are widely used in embedded systems, including multimedia processing, digital signal processing, telecommunications, and automatic control. In a dataflow MoC, an application is specified as a graph of actors connected by FIFO channels. One of the first and most popular dataflow MoCs, Synchronous Dataflow (SDF), provides static analyses to guarantee boundedness and liveness, which are key properties for embedded systems. However, SDF and most of its variants lack the capability to express the dynamism needed by modern streaming applications. In particular, the applications mentioned above have a strong need for reconfigurability to accommodate changes in the input data, the control objectives, or the environment. We address this need by proposing a new MoC called Reconfigurable Dataflow (RDF). RDF extends SDF with transformation rules that specify how and when the topology and actors of the graph may be reconfigured. Starting from an initial RDF graph and a set of transformation rules, an arbitrary number of new RDF graphs can be generated at runtime. A key feature of RDF is that it can be statically analyzed to guarantee that all possible graphs generated at runtime will be consistent and live. We introduce the RDF MoC, describe its associated static analyses, and present its implementation and some experimental results
RDF : un modÚle flot de données reconfigurable(version étendue)
Dataflow Models of Computation (MoCs) are widely used in embedded systems, including multimedia processing, digital signal processing, telecommunications, and automatic control. In a dataflow MoC, an application is specified as a graph of actors connected by FIFO channels. One of the most popular dataflow MoCs, Synchronous Dataflow (SDF), provides static analyses to guarantee boundedness and liveness, which are key properties for embedded systems. However, SDF (and most of its variants) lacks the capability to express the dynamism needed by modern streaming applications. In particular, the applications mentioned above have a strong need for reconfigurability to accommodate changes in the input data, the control objectives, or the environment.We address this need by proposing a new MoC called Reconfigurable Dataflow (RDF). RDF extends SDF with transformation rules that specify how the topology and actors of the graph may be reconfigured. Starting from an initial RDF graph and a set of transformation rules, an arbitrary number of new RDF graphs can be generated at runtime. A key feature of RDF is that it can be statically analyzed to guarantee that all possible graphs generated at runtime will be consistent and live. We introduce the RDF MoC, describe its associated static analyses, and outline its implementation.Les modĂšles de calcul (MoCs) flot de donnĂ©es synchrones sont trĂšs utilisĂ©s dans les systĂšmes embarquĂ©s pour les applications multimĂ©dia, de traitement du signal, de tĂ©lĂ©communication et de contrĂŽle automatique. Dans ce style de modĂšle, une application est spĂ©cifiĂ©e par un graphe dâacteurs connectĂ©s par des liens FIFO de communication. Un des MoCs les plus connus, SDF (pour Synchronous Dataflow), permet des analyses statiques qui garantissent lâexĂ©cution enmĂ©moire bornĂ©e et lâabsence dâinterblocage, propriĂ©tĂ©s clĂ©s pour les systĂšmes embarquĂ©s. NĂ©anmoins, SDF (et la plupart de ses variantes) ne permet pas dâexprimer la dynamicitĂ© requise par les applications embarquĂ©es modernes. En particulier, ces applications ont souvent besoin de se reconfigurer pour sâadapter aux changements (par ex., de dĂ©bit ou de qualitĂ©) du flot dâentrĂ©e, des objectifs de contrĂŽle ou de lâenvironnement.Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă ce besoin, nous proposons le MoC RDF (pour Reconfigurable DataFlow) qui Ă©tend SDF avec des rĂšgles de transformations spĂ©cifiant comment la topologie et les acteurs du graphe peuvent ĂȘtre reconfigurĂ©s dynamiquement. En considĂ©rant un graphe SDF initial et un ensemble de rĂšgles de transformation, un nombre arbitraire de nouveaux graphes peuvent ĂȘtre produits. La principale qualitĂ© de RDF est quâil peut ĂȘtre analysĂ© statiquement pour garantir que tous les graphes gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s dynamiquement sâexĂ©cuteront en mĂ©moire bornĂ©e et sans interblocage.Nous prĂ©sentons le modĂšle RDF, dĂ©crivons les analyses statiques associĂ©es et dĂ©crivons briĂšvementson implĂ©mentation
RDF: Un modÚle de calcul flot de données reconfigurable
Dataflow Models of Computation (MoCs) are widely used in embedded systems, including multimedia processing, digital signal processing, telecommunications, and automatic control. In a dataflow MoC, an application is specified as a graph of actors connected by FIFO channels. One of the first and most popular dataflow MoCs, Synchronous Dataflow (SDF), provides static analyses to guarantee boundedness and liveness, which are key properties for embedded systems. However, SDF and most of its variants lacks the capability to express the dynamism needed by modern streaming applications. In particular, the applications mentioned above have a strong need for reconfigurability to accommodate changes in the input data, the control objectives, or the environment. We address this need by proposing a new MoC called Reconfigurable Dataflow (RDF). RDF extends SDF with transformation rules that specify how and when the topology and actors of the graph may be reconfigured. Starting from an initial RDF graph and a set of transformation rules, an arbitrary number of new RDF graphs can be generated at runtime. A key feature of RDF is that it can be statically analyzed to guarantee that all possible graphs generated at runtime will be consistent and live. We introduce the RDF MoC, describe its associated static analyses, and present its implementation and some experimental results.Les modĂšles de calcul (MoCs) flot de donnĂ©es synchrones sont trĂšs utilisĂ©s dans les systĂšmes embarquĂ©s et les applications multimĂ©dia, de traitement du signal, de tĂ©lĂ©communication et de contrĂŽle automatique. Dans ce style de modĂšle, une application est spĂ©cifiĂ©e par un graphe dâacteurs connectĂ©s par des liens FIFO de communication. Un des MoCs les plus connus, SDF (pour Synchronous Dataflow), permet des analyses statiques qui garantissent lâexĂ©cution en mĂ©moire bornĂ©e et lâabsence dâinterblocage, propriĂ©tĂ©s clĂ©s pour les systĂšmes embarquĂ©s. NĂ©anmoins, SDF (et la plupart de ses variantes) ne permet pas dâexprimer la dynamicitĂ© requise par les applications embarquĂ©es modernes. En particulier, ces applications ont souvent besoin de se reconfigurer pour sâadapter aux changements (par ex., de dĂ©bit ou de qualitĂ©) du flot dâentrĂ©e, des objectifs de contrĂŽle ou de lâenvironnement. Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă ce besoin, nous proposons RDF (pour Reconfigurable DataFlow) un MoC qui Ă©tend SDF avec des rĂšgles de transformations spĂ©cifiant comment la topologie du graphe flot de donnĂ©es peut ĂȘtre reconfigurĂ© dynamiquement. En considĂ©rant un graphe SDF initial et un ensemble de rĂšgles de transformation, un nombre arbitraire de nouveaux graphes peuvent ĂȘtre produits. La principale qualitĂ© de RDF est quâil peut ĂȘtre analysĂ© statiquement pour garantir que tous les graphes gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s dynamiquement sâexĂ©cuteront en mĂ©moire bornĂ©e et sans interblocage. Nous prĂ©sentons le modĂšle RDF, les analyses statiques associĂ©es, sa mise en oeuvre et quelques expĂ©rimentations
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines - 2016 Revision
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% to 40% of the population. It reduces quality of life and school and work performance and is a frequent reason for office visits in general practice. Medical costs are large, but avoidable costs associated with lost work productivity are even larger than those incurred by asthma. New evidence has accumulated since the last revision of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines in 2010, prompting its update.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide a targeted update of the ARIA guidelines.
METHODS: The ARIA guideline panel identified new clinical questions and selected questions requiring an update. We performed systematic reviews of health effects and the evidence about patients' values and preferences and resource requirements (up to June 2016). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision frameworks to develop recommendations.
RESULTS: The 2016 revision of the ARIA guidelines provides both updated and new recommendations about the pharmacologic treatment of AR. Specifically, it addresses the relative merits of using oral H1-antihistamines, intranasal H1-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists either alone or in combination. The ARIA guideline panel provides specific recommendations for the choice of treatment and the rationale for the choice and discusses specific considerations that clinicians and patients might want to review to choose the management most appropriate for an individual patient.
CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate treatment of AR might improve patients' quality of life and school and work productivity. ARIA recommendations support patients, their caregivers, and health care providers in choosing the optimal treatment
Linear and Branched Glyco-Lipopeptide Vaccines Follow Distinct Cross-Presentation Pathways and Generate Different Magnitudes of Antitumor Immunity
Glyco-lipopeptides, a form of lipid-tailed glyco-peptide, are currently under intense investigation as B- and T-cell based vaccine immunotherapy for many cancers. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glyco-lipopeptides (GLPs) immunogenicity and the position of the lipid moiety on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GLPs remain to be determined.We have constructed two structural analogues of HER-2 glyco-lipopeptide (HER-GLP) by synthesizing a chimeric peptide made of one universal CD4(+) epitope (PADRE) and one HER-2 CD8(+) T-cell epitope (HER(420-429)). The C-terminal end of the resulting CD4-CD8 chimeric peptide was coupled to a tumor carbohydrate B-cell epitope, based on a regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFT), made of four alpha-GalNAc molecules. The resulting HER glyco-peptide (HER-GP) was then linked to a palmitic acid moiety, attached either at the N-terminal end (linear HER-GLP-1) or in the middle between the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes (branched HER-GLP-2). We have investigated the uptake, processing and cross-presentation pathways of the two HER-GLP vaccine constructs, and assessed whether the position of linkage of the lipid moiety would affect the B- and T-cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Immunization of mice revealed that the linear HER-GLP-1 induced a stronger and longer lasting HER(420-429)-specific IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cell response, while the branched HER-GLP-2 induced a stronger tumor-specific IgG response. The linear HER-GLP-1 was taken up easily by dendritic cells (DCs), induced stronger DCs maturation and produced a potent TLR- 2-dependent T-cell activation. The linear and branched HER-GLP molecules appeared to follow two different cross-presentation pathways. While regression of established tumors was induced by both linear HER-GLP-1 and branched HER-GLP-2, the inhibition of tumor growth was significantly higher in HER-GLP-1 immunized mice (p<0.005).These findings have important implications for the development of effective GLP based immunotherapeutic strategies against cancers
Allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis:protocol for a systematic review
The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is in the process of developing the EAACI Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for the Management of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis. We seek to critically assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of AIT in the management of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.status: publishe
Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and turnover by animals and their viruses
Item does not contain fulltextMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a ubiquitous component of gene regulatory networks that modulate the precise amounts of proteins expressed in a cell. Despite their small size, miRNA genes contain various recognition elements that enable specificity in when, where and to what extent they are expressed. The importance of precise control of miRNA expression is underscored by functional studies in model organisms and by the association between miRNA mis-expression and disease. In the last decade, identification of the pathways by which miRNAs are produced, matured and turned-over has revealed many aspects of their biogenesis that are subject to regulation. Studies in viral systems have revealed a range of mechanisms by which viruses target these pathways through viral proteins or non-coding RNAs in order to regulate cellular gene expression. In parallel, a field of study has evolved around the activation and suppression of antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) by viruses. Virus encoded suppressors of RNAi can impact miRNA biogenesis in cases where miRNA and small interfering RNA pathways converge. Here we review the literature on the mechanisms by which miRNA biogenesis and turnover are regulated in animals and the diverse strategies that viruses use to subvert or inhibit these processes
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