Population study of Steneotarsonemus spinki (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on three varieties rice sowing in different times.

Pests and diseases are among the most important limiting factors for rice (Oryza sativa) production, as they are responsible for 35 % of economic losses. The adoption of adequate control measures in order to ensure better production rates is required. The Steneotarsonemus spinki mite is a pest that has generated many losses in the rice sector in recent years. The Colombian Agricultural Institute declared in 2005 that the presence of the disease known as “vain grain”, which affects grain quality and crop productivity up to 60 %, generated economic losses for farmers. S. spinki, is part of the complex of organisms that cause “vain grain”. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the population dynamics of S. spinki in different sowing dates in the Agrosavia investigation center of Agustín Codazzi, Cesar, Colombia. For this objective, during 2014 three different rice varieties were sown every 20 +/- 3 days, for a total of seven plantings in a complete block design sown at random in fixed strips with four replications. At 60 days of emergence after each sowing, four plants were taken per replicate per variety at each sampling, with a total of five samplings being performed during the growth stage. In the CI Motilonia entomology unit, the number of mites were counted in the pods of the last three leaves of the central till of each plant. The populations of S. spinki exceeded 100 individuals per plant in some samples, the variety FED 733 presented the largest population of the mite, and the variety FED 2000 represented the smallest one. According to the results, the populations of S. spinki increased in the second semester in advanced physiological stages of the crop. Mite populations appear to have no effect on the yields of the rice varieties evaluated

Variabilidad genética neutral y presencia de mecanismos de resistencia en Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), provenientes de diferentes hospedantes en Chile central

Myzus persicae is considered the third pest of economic importance in Chile affecting several crops. Its genetic variability is influenced by theavailability of the primary host. M. persicae has acquired resistance to most of the insecticides used for its control. The current work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and the presence of resistance mechanisms of M. persicae in crops, such as peach and sweet pepper. The study was carried out in twelve localities, six in the O'Higgins region and six in the Maule region of central Chile. Monthly collections were performed on the crops and their associatedweeds. To evaluate the neutral genetic diversity, seven microsatellite markers were used, and the identification of mechanisms was performed by allelic discrimination tests. According to the results, the highest genetic diversity (> 0.80 on average) was found in peach populations. In sweet pepper and associated weeds, this diversity was 0.36 on average. The frequency of individuals with resistance mechanisms was low and predominantly heterozygous in the hosts assessed, suggesting that the sexual reproduction form of the aphid influences the levels of resistance to the insecticide. The presence of resistance mechanisms in M. persicae depends on the host, the geographical region, and the time in which they are evaluated. There is sufficient evidence that the populations of M. persicae are comprised of extremely few genetic groups, presenting different resistance dynamics to insecticides in the same agricultural season.Myzus persicae es considerado la tercera plaga de importancia económica de varios cultivos en Chile. Su variabilidad genética es influenciada por la disponibilidad del hospedante primario. Este insecto ha adquirido resistencia a la mayoría de los insecticidas utilizados para su control. El presente trabajotuvo como objetivo evaluar la diversidad genética y la presencia de mecanismos de resistencia de M. persicae en cultivos como duraznero y pimentón. El estudio se realizó en doce localidades: seis en la región de O'Higgins y seis en la región del Maule en Chile central. Para evaluar la diversidad genética neutral, se utilizaron siete marcadores microsatélites, y la identificación de mecanismos se realizó mediante ensayos de discriminación alélica. La mayor diversidadgenética se presentó en poblaciones del duraznero > 0,80 en promedio. En pimentón y arvenses, esta diversidad fue 0,36 en promedio. La frecuencia de individuos con mecanismos de resistencia fue baja y en forma predominantemente heterocigota en los hospedantes evaluados, lo que sugiere que la forma de reproducción sexual del áfido influye en los niveles de resistencia a insecticida. La presencia de mecanismos de resistencia en M. persicae dependedel hospedante, región geográfica y momento de muestreo en el que son evaluados. Existe suficiente evidencia de que las poblaciones de M. persicae están compuestas por muy pocos grupos genéticos, presentando diferentes dinámicas de resistencia a insecticidas en la misma temporada agrícola

Reporte de caso de necrosis apical en un cultivo de mango (Mangifera indica L.) establecido bajo condiciones del Caribe seco colombiano

Bacterial apical necrosis of mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an acute disease reported mainly in Southern Europe, characterized by the generation of necrotic lesions in buds and leaves that spread through the petioles towards the stems. Its incidence results in significant economic losses due to a decrease in production. Known causative agents of this disease are the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea spp., which survive as epiphytes on plant surfaces. In a two-year-old mango cv. Keitt orchard, established at the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), Motilonia Research Station, mango trees exhibited symptoms of necrosis in buds, leaves, and branches. The mango plants were affected downwards, causing their death 30 days after the first symptoms. Five samples of affected leaf tissue and petioles were taken to isolate the causative agent and make a diagnosis to manage the disease properly. The samples were superficially disinfected and incubated in a humid chamber and culture media for three days. After incubation, hyphae, exudates, and bacterial colonies were plated on solid culture media. The isolates obtained were characterized morphologically and biochemically. The results showed the presence of bacteria identified as Pantoea spp. by amplifying and sequencing the region coding for the 16S subunit of rRNA. In vitro pathogenicity tests preliminarily suggest Pantoea spp. as the causative agent of the disease. This work is the first report of apical necrosis by Pantoea spp. in mango for Colombia.La necrosis apical bacteriana del mango es una enfermedad crítica reportada principalmente en Europa, que se caracteriza por la generación de lesiones necróticas en yemas y hojas, las cuales se extienden a través de los peciolos hacia los tallos. Su incidencia resulta en pérdidas económicas importantes debido a una disminución de la producción. Los agentes causales conocidos de esta enfermedad son las bacterias Pseudomonas syringae y Pantoea spp., que sobreviven como epífitas en la superficie de las plantas.  En un cultivo de mango cv. Keitt de dos años, establecido en la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Motilonia, se evidenciaron síntomas de necrosis en yemas, hojas y ramas.  Las plantas de mango se vieron afectadas de forma descendente hasta su muerte a los 30 días después los primeros síntomas. Se tomaron cinco muestras de tejido foliar afectado y pecíolos para aislar el agente causal y generar un diagnóstico a fin de realizar un manejo preciso de la enfermedad. Las muestras se desinfectaron superficialmente y se incubaron en cámara húmeda y medios de cultivo por tres días. Después de la incubación, las hifas, los exudados y las colonias bacterianas se sembraron en medios de cultivo sólidos. Los aislamientos obtenidos se caracterizaron a nivel morfológico y bioquímico. Los resultados arrojaron la presencia de bacterias identificadas como Pantoea spp. por amplificación y secuenciación de la región que codifica para la subunidad 16S del ARNr. Las pruebas de patogenicidad in vitro sugieren preliminarmente a Pantoea spp. como el agente causal de la enfermedad. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de necrosis apical por Pantoea spp. en mango para Colombia

Analysis of Multiple-Access Discrimination Techniques for the Development of a PSD-Based VLP System

There are several technologies and techniques available when developing indoor positioning systems (IPS). Recently, the development of positioning systems based on optical signals has aroused great interest, mainly those using visible light from the lighting infrastructure. In this work, we analyze which techniques give better results to lay the foundations for the development of a Visible Light Positioning system (VLP). Working only with a receiver, it is analyzed what the result of determining the position of different emitters is when they emit simultaneously and without any synchronism. The results obtained by Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) (with digital bandpass filters, I/Q demodulation, and FFT) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) are compared. The interference between signals when emitted simultaneously from multiple emitters is analyzed as well as the errors they cause and how these effects can be mitigated. As a result of the research, the advantages and disadvantages using different multiple-access determination techniques are determined. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of using FDMA and CDMA techniques as well as hardware requirements that make one more feasible than the other are presented. The system behavior, in terms of errors, is established using FDMA and different configurations such as: I/Q, RMS, or FFT. The work also determines the error rates that can be obtained with the different FDMA and CDMA configurations, considering different error scenarios and integration time. Synthetic emulations and empirical tests were performed, which concluded that IPS systems based on optical signals and PSD sensors can achieve very high measurement accuracies and a high measurement rate. Obtained positioning errors in a room of 3 m height are less than 1 cm when working in noisy environments.Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Formulación de plan estratégico orientado a alcanzar la sostenibilidad organizacional de la Fundación Casa de los sueños barrio Unir, Localidad de Engativá – Bogotá

Formular un Plan Estratégicoorientado a alcanzar la sostenibilidad organizacional de la Fundación “Casa de los sueños” barrio Unir, Localidad de Engativá – Bogotá.La Fundación “Casa de Los Sueños” ubicada en el barrio Unir, de la localidad de Engativá en la ciudad de Bogotá, desarrolla actividades lúdicas orientadas a fortalecer la Atención Integral de niñas y niños en condiciones actuales de vulnerabilidad. La población atendida en su mayoría son familias dedicadas a labores de recuperación ambiental, en situación de desplazamiento por eventos de violencia en Colombia e inmigrantes de Venezuela. El presente proyecto establece elementos que permitirán a la Fundación consolidarse como organización, a partir de un ejercicio de Planeación Estratégica que brinde los principios administrativos que orienten el desarrollo sostenible de la organización, garantizando condiciones de sustentabilidad para continuar apoyando a los vinculados en el mejoramiento de su calidad de vida. Para ello se realizará una propuesta de acciones de sostenibilidad que permitan fortalecer la estructura organizacional con base en un ejercicio de planeación estratégica.The foundation "Casa de los sueños" located in the neighborhood, locality of Engativá in Bogotá city, develops ludic activities oriented to strengthen the comprehensive care (attention) for Girls and Boys (children) in current conditions of vulnerability. The population served belongs to families dedicated to the work of environmental recovery, in situation of displacement and immigrants from Venezuela. This project establishes elements that will allow the foundation to consolidate itself as an organization, based on an Strategic Planning exercise that provide the sustainable development of the organization, guaranteeing sustainability conditions to continue supporting the links in the improvement of their quality of life. It will be proposed sustainability actions that allow strengthening the organizational structure based on a strategic planning exercise. The approach to the community is carried out under a rights-based standpoint that allow the potentialization of the work developed by the foundation, which main activity is framed in the education for the common good and the community development

Formulación de plan estratégico orientado a alcanzar la sostenibilidad organizacional de la Fundación Casa de los sueños barrio Unir, Localidad de Engativá – Bogotá

Formular un Plan Estratégicoorientado a alcanzar la sostenibilidad organizacional de la Fundación “Casa de los sueños” barrio Unir, Localidad de Engativá – Bogotá.La Fundación “Casa de Los Sueños” ubicada en el barrio Unir, de la localidad de Engativá en la ciudad de Bogotá, desarrolla actividades lúdicas orientadas a fortalecer la Atención Integral de niñas y niños en condiciones actuales de vulnerabilidad. La población atendida en su mayoría son familias dedicadas a labores de recuperación ambiental, en situación de desplazamiento por eventos de violencia en Colombia e inmigrantes de Venezuela. El presente proyecto establece elementos que permitirán a la Fundación consolidarse como organización, a partir de un ejercicio de Planeación Estratégica que brinde los principios administrativos que orienten el desarrollo sostenible de la organización, garantizando condiciones de sustentabilidad para continuar apoyando a los vinculados en el mejoramiento de su calidad de vida. Para ello se realizará una propuesta de acciones de sostenibilidad que permitan fortalecer la estructura organizacional con base en un ejercicio de planeación estratégica.The foundation "Casa de los sueños" located in the neighborhood, locality of Engativá in Bogotá city, develops ludic activities oriented to strengthen the comprehensive care (attention) for Girls and Boys (children) in current conditions of vulnerability. The population served belongs to families dedicated to the work of environmental recovery, in situation of displacement and immigrants from Venezuela. This project establishes elements that will allow the foundation to consolidate itself as an organization, based on an Strategic Planning exercise that provide the sustainable development of the organization, guaranteeing sustainability conditions to continue supporting the links in the improvement of their quality of life. It will be proposed sustainability actions that allow strengthening the organizational structure based on a strategic planning exercise. The approach to the community is carried out under a rights-based standpoint that allow the potentialization of the work developed by the foundation, which main activity is framed in the education for the common good and the community development

JUEGOS DE ROL COMO MEDIACIÓN EDUCATIVA PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL LENGUAJE Y PENSAMIENTO MATEMÁTICO

Los juegos de rol son la mediación educativa para desarrollar el pensamiento y el lenguaje matemático de los niños que asisten a la Fundación Asociación Apoyemos en la comunidad del Mochuelo Bajo (localidad de Ciudad Bolívar), en condiciones de alta vulnerabilidad, por cuanto generan ambientes propicios en los cuales se desarrollen plenamente como sujetos en sus dimensiones de conocimiento y afectividad

Confirmatory and Exploratory Analysis of the Questionnaire to Evaluate the Disposition towards Organizational Change (CEDCO)

This article shows the results of two processes that corresponded to exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the Questionnaire to Evaluate the Disposition towards Organizational Change (CEDCO). The overall sample consisted of 1554 people. The first process considered 489 participants, and provided evidence of the multidimensionality of the test on three levels. The second process involved a sample of 1065 people, and provided evidence for appropriate fit values for the model that were consistent with the initial proposal for the test on three levels of evaluation: individual, group, and organizational. The results suggest the need to evaluate the practice using other mathematical models to address the biases that exist in some item distributions

Plan de RSE para Endulzando vidas Pané SAS

Este estudio examina el marco institucional de una empresa que produce productos derivados de la panela. Se realiza un diagnóstico detallado utilizando encuestas para evaluar su desempeño en términos de responsabilidad social empresarial. A partir de este diagnóstico, se propone un plan de mejora que aborda aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales. Adicionalmente, se introduce un código de ética para promover comportamientos éticos dentro de la organización. Palabras clave: producción de panela, responsabilidad social empresarial, plan de mejora, código de ética, encuestas.This study examines the institutional framework of a company that produces products derived from panela. A detailed diagnosis is carried out using surveys to assess its performance in terms of corporate social responsibility. From this diagnosis, an improvement plan is proposed that addresses economic, social, and environmental aspects. Additionally, a code of ethics is introduced to promote ethical behaviors within the organization. Keywords: panela production, corporate social responsibility, improvement plan, code of ethics, surveys

A consensus statement for trauma surgery capacity building in Latin America

Background Trauma is a significant public health problem in Latin America (LA), contributing to substantial death and disability in the region. Several LA countries have implemented trauma registries and injury surveillance systems. However, the region lacks an integrated trauma system. The consensus conference’s goal was to integrate existing LA trauma data collection efforts into a regional trauma program and encourage the use of the data to inform health policy. Methods We created a consensus group of 25 experts in trauma and emergency care with previous data collection and injury surveillance experience in the LA. region. Experts participated in a consensus conference to discuss the state of trauma data collection in LA. We utilized the Delphi method to build consensus around strategic steps for trauma data management in the region. Consensus was defined as the agreement of ≥ 70% among the expert panel. Results The consensus conference determined that action was necessary from academic bodies, scientific societies, and ministries of health to encourage a culture of collection and use of health data in trauma. The panel developed a set of recommendations for these groups to encourage the development and use of robust trauma information systems in LA. Consensus was achieved in one Delphi round. Conclusions The expert group successfully reached a consensus on recommendations to key stakeholders in trauma information systems in LA. These recommendations may be used to encourage capacity building in trauma research and trauma health policy in the region